Journal of psychiatry and brain science最新文献_第3页

The Role of Sex in Genetic Association Studies of Depression. 性别在抑郁症遗传关联研究中的作用。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220013

Karin F Hoth, Kirsten Voorhies, Ann Chen Wu, Christoph Lange, James B Potash, Sharon M Lutz

引用次数: 1

The Role of Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy on the Brain in Serious Mental Illness: A Review. 生酮代谢治疗在严重精神疾病中对大脑的作用综述

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220009

Shebani Sethi, Judith M Ford

{"title":"The Role of Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy on the Brain in Serious Mental Illness: A Review.","authors":"Shebani Sethi, Judith M Ford","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20220009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20220009","url":null,"abstract":"In search of interventions targeting brain dysfunction and underlying cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, we look at the brain and beyond to the potential role of dysfunctional systemic metabolism on neural network instability and insulin resistance in serious mental illness. We note that disrupted insulin and cerebral glucose metabolism are seen even in medication-naïve first-episode schizophrenia, suggesting that people with schizophrenia are at risk for Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, resulting in a shortened life span. Although glucose is the brain’s default fuel, ketones are a more efficient fuel for the brain. We highlight evidence that a ketogenic diet can improve both the metabolic and neural stability profiles. Specifically, a ketogenic diet improves mitochondrial metabolism, neurotransmitter function, oxidative stress/inflammation, while also increasing neural network stability and cognitive function. To reverse the neurodegenerative process, increasing the brain’s access to ketone bodies may be needed. We describe evidence that metabolic, neuroprotective, and neurochemical benefits of a ketogenic diet potentially provide symptomatic relief to people with schizophrenia while also improving their cardiovascular or metabolic health. We review evidence for KD side effects and note that although high in fat it improves various cardiovascular and metabolic risk markers in overweight/obese individuals. We conclude by calling for controlled clinical trials to confirm or refute the findings from anecdotal and case reports to address the potential beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet in people with serious mental illness.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9728807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10333688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Acute and Lifetime Stress and Psychotic Illness: The Roles of Reward and Salience Networks. 急性和终生压力与精神疾病:奖赏和显著性网络的作用。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220012

Jacob L Nudelman, James A Waltz

{"title":"Acute and Lifetime Stress and Psychotic Illness: The Roles of Reward and Salience Networks.","authors":"Jacob L Nudelman, James A Waltz","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20220012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20220012","url":null,"abstract":"Affective reactions to acute stressors often evoke exacerbations of psychotic symptoms and sometimes de novo psychotic symptoms and initial psychotic episodes. Across the lifespan, affective reactions to acute stressors are enhanced by successive adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), in a process called \"behavioral sensitization\". The net effects of behavioral sensitization of acute stress responses are to alter responsivity to positive and negative feedback and to unexpected events, regardless of valence, leading to the maladaptive assignment of salience to stimuli and events. The assignment of \"aberrant\" salience to stimuli and events has profound consequences for learning and decision-making, which can influence both the positive and negative symptoms of psychosis. In this review, we discuss some of the psychological and neural mechanisms by which affective reactivity to acute stress, and its sensitization through the experience of stress and trauma across the lifespan, impact both the positive and negative symptoms of psychosis. We recount how the reward and salience networks of the brain, together with inputs from the dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitter systems, are implicated in both affective reactivity to stress and the symptoms of psychosis, likely mediate the effects of stress and trauma on the symptoms of psychosis and could serve as targets for interventions.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9894320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10661212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cerebellar Structure and Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder. 自闭症谱系障碍的小脑结构和功能。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220003

Bess F Bloomer, Jaime J Morales, Amanda R Bolbecker, Dae-Jin Kim, William P Hetrick

引用次数: 1

A Study of Fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation in Schizophrenia Patients with Persistent Verbal Auditory Hallucinations 持续性言语幻听患者低频波动分数幅值的研究

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220014

引用次数: 0

Structure, Function, and Genetics of the Cerebellum in Autism. 自闭症患者小脑的结构、功能和遗传学。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220008

Lindsey M Sydnor, Kimberly A Aldinger

引用次数: 4

Neuroimaging Studies of Brain Structure in Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder: A Review. 双相情感障碍老年人大脑结构的神经影像学研究：综述。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220006

Niroop Rajashekar, Hilary P Blumberg, Luca M Villa

{"title":"Neuroimaging Studies of Brain Structure in Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder: A Review.","authors":"Niroop Rajashekar, Hilary P Blumberg, Luca M Villa","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20220006","DOIUrl":"10.20900/jpbs.20220006","url":null,"abstract":"Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common mood disorder that can have severe consequences during later life, including suffering and impairment due to mood and cognitive symptoms, elevated risk for dementia and an especially high risk for suicide. Greater understanding of the brain circuitry differences involved in older adults with BD (OABD) in later life and their relationship to aging processes is required to improve outcomes of OABD. The current literature on gray and white matter findings, from high resolution structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, has shown that BD in younger age groups is associated with gray matter reductions within cortical and subcortical brain regions that subserve emotion processing and regulation, as well as reduced structural integrity of white matter tracts connecting these brain regions. While fewer neuroimaging studies have focused on OABD, it does appear that many of the structural brain differences found in younger samples are present in OABD. There is also initial suggestion that there are additional brain differences, for at least a subset of OABD, that may result from more pronounced gray and white matter declines with age that may contribute to adverse outcomes. Preclinical and clinical data supporting neuro-plastic and -protective effects of mood-stabilizing medications, suggest that treatments may reverse and/or prevent the progression of brain changes thereby reducing symptoms. Future neuroimaging research implementing longitudinal designs, and large-scale, multi-site initiatives with detailed clinical and treatment data, holds promise for reducing suffering, cognitive dysfunction and suicide in OABD.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Affective Neuroscience of Loneliness: Potential Mechanisms underlying the Association between Perceived Social Isolation, Health, and Well-Being. 孤独的情感神经科学:感知社会孤立、健康和幸福之间联系的潜在机制。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220011

Anna J Finley, Stacey M Schaefer

{"title":"Affective Neuroscience of Loneliness: Potential Mechanisms underlying the Association between Perceived Social Isolation, Health, and Well-Being.","authors":"Anna J Finley, Stacey M Schaefer","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20220011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20220011","url":null,"abstract":"Loneliness, or the subjective feeling of social isolation, is an important social determinant of health. Loneliness is associated with poor physical health, including higher rates of cardiovascular disease and dementia, faster cognitive decline, and increased risk of mortality, as well as disruptions in mental health, including higher levels of depression, anxiety, and negative affect. Theoretical accounts suggest loneliness is a complex cognitive and emotional state characterized by increased levels of inflammation and affective disruptions. This review examines affective neuroscience research on social isolation in animals and loneliness in humans to better understand the relationship between perceptions of social isolation and the brain. Loneliness associated increases in inflammation and neural changes consistent with increased sensitivity to social threat and disrupted emotion regulation suggest interventions targeting maladaptive social cognitions may be especially effective. Work in animal models suggests the neural changes associated with social isolation may be reversible. Therefore, ameliorating loneliness may be an actionable social determinant of health target. However, more research is needed to understand how loneliness impacts healthy aging, explore the role of inflammation as a potential mechanism in humans, and determine the best time to deliver interventions to improve physical health, mental health, and well-being across a diverse array of populations.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9910279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10708950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Improving Adherence to Behavioral Parent Training for ADHD Using Digital Health Tools. 使用数字健康工具提高对ADHD行为父母训练的依从性。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220005

Linda J Pfiffner, Melissa R Dvorsky, Elizabeth J Hawkey, Sara Chung, Lauren M Haack, Elizabeth B Owens

引用次数: 0

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Treatment for Fear and Anxiety in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. 迷走神经刺激治疗自闭症谱系障碍患者的恐惧和焦虑。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220007

Tanushree Shivaswamy, Rimenez R Souza, Crystal T Engineer, Christa K McIntyre

{"title":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Treatment for Fear and Anxiety in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Tanushree Shivaswamy, Rimenez R Souza, Crystal T Engineer, Christa K McIntyre","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20220007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20220007","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety disorders affect a large percentage of individuals who have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In children with ASD, excessive anxiety is also linked to gastrointestinal problems, self-injurious behaviors, and depressive symptoms. Exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapies are effective treatments for anxiety disorders in children with ASD, but high relapse rates indicate the need for additional treatment strategies. This perspective discusses evidence from preclinical research, which indicates that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with exposure to fear-provoking stimuli and situations could offer benefits as an adjuvant treatment for anxiety disorders that coexist with ASD. Vagus nerve stimulation is approved for use in the treatment of epilepsy, depression, and more recently as an adjuvant in rehabilitative training following stroke. In preclinical models, VNS shows promise in simultaneously enhancing consolidation of extinction memories and reducing anxiety. In this review, we will present potential mechanisms by which VNS could treat fear and anxiety in ASD. We also discuss potential uses of VNS to treat depression and epilepsy in the context of ASD, and noninvasive methods to stimulate the vagus nerve.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9600938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40454571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2