Journal of psychiatry and brain science最新文献_第2页

A Review of Potential Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Schizophrenia-Risk. 潜在的精神分裂症风险神经影像学生物标志物综述。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20230005

Daniel Mamah

{"title":"A Review of Potential Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Schizophrenia-Risk.","authors":"Daniel Mamah","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20230005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20230005","url":null,"abstract":"The risk for developing schizophrenia is increased among first-degree relatives of those with psychotic disorders, but the risk is even higher in those meeting established criteria for clinical high risk (CHR), a clinical construct most often comprising of attenuated psychotic experiences. Conversion to psychosis among CHR youth has been reported to be about 15-35% over three years. Accurately identifying individuals whose psychotic symptoms will worsen would facilitate earlier intervention, but this has been difficult to do using behavior measures alone. Brain-based risk markers have the potential to improve the accuracy of predicting outcomes in CHR youth. This narrative review provides an overview of neuroimaging studies used to investigate psychosis risk, including studies involving structural, functional, and diffusion imaging, functional connectivity, positron emission tomography, arterial spin labeling, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and multi-modality approaches. We present findings separately in those observed in the CHR state and those associated with psychosis progression or resilience. Finally, we discuss future research directions that could improve clinical care for those at high risk for developing psychotic disorders.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10327607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10225647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Astrocytes as Context for the Involvement of Myelin and Nodes of Ranvier in the Pathophysiology of Depression and Stress-Related Disorders. 星形胶质细胞作为髓磷脂和Ranvier淋巴结参与抑郁和应激相关疾病病理生理的背景。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20230001

José Javier Miguel-Hidalgo

{"title":"Astrocytes as Context for the Involvement of Myelin and Nodes of Ranvier in the Pathophysiology of Depression and Stress-Related Disorders.","authors":"José Javier Miguel-Hidalgo","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20230001","url":null,"abstract":"Astrocytes, despite some shared features as glial cells supporting neuronal function in gray and white matter, participate and adapt their morphology and neurochemistry in a plethora of distinct regulatory tasks in specific neural environments. In the white matter, a large proportion of the processes branching from the astrocytes' cell bodies establish contacts with oligodendrocytes and the myelin they form, while the tips of many astrocyte branches closely associate with nodes of Ranvier. Stability of myelin has been shown to greatly depend on astrocyte-to-oligodendrocyte communication, while the integrity of action potentials that regenerate at nodes of Ranvier has been shown to depend on extracellular matrix components heavily contributed by astrocytes. Several lines of evidence are starting to show that in human subjects with affective disorders and in animal models of chronic stress there are significant changes in myelin components, white matter astrocytes and nodes of Ranvier that have direct relevance to connectivity alterations in those disorders. Some of these changes involve the expression of connexins supporting astrocyte-to-oligodendrocyte gap junctions, extracellular matrix components produced by astrocytes around nodes of Ranvier, specific types of astrocyte glutamate transporters, and neurotrophic factors secreted by astrocytes that are involved in the development and plasticity of myelin. Future studies should further examine the mechanisms responsible for those changes in white matter astrocytes, their putative contribution to pathological connectivity in affective disorders, and the possibility of leveraging that knowledge to design new therapies for psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9976698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10833203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Intranasal Oxytocin in Pediatric Populations: Exploring the Potential for Reducing Irritability and Modulating Neural Responses: A Mini Review. 鼻内催产素在儿科人群中的应用:探索减少易怒和调节神经反应的潜力:一个小型综述。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20230008

Kennet Sorenson, Emilee Kendall, Hannah Grell, Minjoo Kang, Christopher Shaffer, Soonjo Hwang

{"title":"Intranasal Oxytocin in Pediatric Populations: Exploring the Potential for Reducing Irritability and Modulating Neural Responses: A Mini Review.","authors":"Kennet Sorenson, Emilee Kendall, Hannah Grell, Minjoo Kang, Christopher Shaffer, Soonjo Hwang","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20230008","DOIUrl":"10.20900/jpbs.20230008","url":null,"abstract":"Endogenous neuropeptide Oxytocin (OXT) plays a crucial role in modulating pro-social behavior and the neural response to social/emotional stimuli. Intranasal administration is the most common method of delivering OXT. Intranasal OXT has been implemented in clinical studies of various psychiatric disorders with mixed results, mainly related to lack of solid pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics model. Due to intranasal OXT's mechanism of reducing the activation of neural areas implicated in emotional responding and emotion regulation, a psychopathology with this target mechanism could be potentially excellent candidate for future clinical trial. In this regard, irritability in youth may be a very promising target for clinical studies of intranasal OXT. Here we provide a mini-review of fifteen randomized controlled trials in pediatric patients with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), or Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS). Most studies had small sample sizes and varying dosages, with changes in irritability, mainly as adverse events (AEs). Neuroimaging results showed modulation of the reward processing system and the neural areas implicated in social-emotional information processing by intranasal OXT administration. Further research is needed to determine the most effective dose and duration of OXT treatment, carefully select target psychopathologies, verify target engagement, and measure adverse event profiles.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10662790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67610256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Sleep on Neurocognition and Functioning in Schizophrenia—Is It Time to Wake-Up? 睡眠对精神分裂症患者神经认知和功能的影响——是时候醒来了吗？

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220001

D. Kimhy, L. Ospina, K. Beck-Felts, A. Fakhoury, A. Mullins, A. Varga

引用次数: 1

The Role of Sex in Genetic Association Studies of Depression. 性别在抑郁症遗传关联研究中的作用。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220013

Karin F Hoth, Kirsten Voorhies, Ann Chen Wu, Christoph Lange, James B Potash, Sharon M Lutz

引用次数: 1

The Role of Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy on the Brain in Serious Mental Illness: A Review. 生酮代谢治疗在严重精神疾病中对大脑的作用综述

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220009

Shebani Sethi, Judith M Ford

{"title":"The Role of Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy on the Brain in Serious Mental Illness: A Review.","authors":"Shebani Sethi, Judith M Ford","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20220009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20220009","url":null,"abstract":"In search of interventions targeting brain dysfunction and underlying cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, we look at the brain and beyond to the potential role of dysfunctional systemic metabolism on neural network instability and insulin resistance in serious mental illness. We note that disrupted insulin and cerebral glucose metabolism are seen even in medication-naïve first-episode schizophrenia, suggesting that people with schizophrenia are at risk for Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, resulting in a shortened life span. Although glucose is the brain’s default fuel, ketones are a more efficient fuel for the brain. We highlight evidence that a ketogenic diet can improve both the metabolic and neural stability profiles. Specifically, a ketogenic diet improves mitochondrial metabolism, neurotransmitter function, oxidative stress/inflammation, while also increasing neural network stability and cognitive function. To reverse the neurodegenerative process, increasing the brain’s access to ketone bodies may be needed. We describe evidence that metabolic, neuroprotective, and neurochemical benefits of a ketogenic diet potentially provide symptomatic relief to people with schizophrenia while also improving their cardiovascular or metabolic health. We review evidence for KD side effects and note that although high in fat it improves various cardiovascular and metabolic risk markers in overweight/obese individuals. We conclude by calling for controlled clinical trials to confirm or refute the findings from anecdotal and case reports to address the potential beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet in people with serious mental illness.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9728807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10333688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Acute and Lifetime Stress and Psychotic Illness: The Roles of Reward and Salience Networks. 急性和终生压力与精神疾病:奖赏和显著性网络的作用。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220012

Jacob L Nudelman, James A Waltz

{"title":"Acute and Lifetime Stress and Psychotic Illness: The Roles of Reward and Salience Networks.","authors":"Jacob L Nudelman, James A Waltz","doi":"10.20900/jpbs.20220012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/jpbs.20220012","url":null,"abstract":"Affective reactions to acute stressors often evoke exacerbations of psychotic symptoms and sometimes de novo psychotic symptoms and initial psychotic episodes. Across the lifespan, affective reactions to acute stressors are enhanced by successive adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), in a process called \"behavioral sensitization\". The net effects of behavioral sensitization of acute stress responses are to alter responsivity to positive and negative feedback and to unexpected events, regardless of valence, leading to the maladaptive assignment of salience to stimuli and events. The assignment of \"aberrant\" salience to stimuli and events has profound consequences for learning and decision-making, which can influence both the positive and negative symptoms of psychosis. In this review, we discuss some of the psychological and neural mechanisms by which affective reactivity to acute stress, and its sensitization through the experience of stress and trauma across the lifespan, impact both the positive and negative symptoms of psychosis. We recount how the reward and salience networks of the brain, together with inputs from the dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitter systems, are implicated in both affective reactivity to stress and the symptoms of psychosis, likely mediate the effects of stress and trauma on the symptoms of psychosis and could serve as targets for interventions.","PeriodicalId":73912,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatry and brain science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9894320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10661212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cerebellar Structure and Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder. 自闭症谱系障碍的小脑结构和功能。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220003

Bess F Bloomer, Jaime J Morales, Amanda R Bolbecker, Dae-Jin Kim, William P Hetrick

引用次数: 1

A Study of Fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation in Schizophrenia Patients with Persistent Verbal Auditory Hallucinations 持续性言语幻听患者低频波动分数幅值的研究

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220014

引用次数: 0

Structure, Function, and Genetics of the Cerebellum in Autism. 自闭症患者小脑的结构、功能和遗传学。

Journal of psychiatry and brain science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220008

Lindsey M Sydnor, Kimberly A Aldinger

引用次数: 4