Journal of prevention (2022)最新文献

{"title":"Exposure to Opportunities for Use Moderates the Associations of Descriptive Norms and Perceived Risk with Alcohol and Cannabis Use and Simultaneous Use.","authors":"Joel W Grube, Mallie J Paschall","doi":"10.1007/s10935-026-00958-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-026-00958-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> We investigated whether exposures to opportunities for alcohol and cannabis use and simultaneous use moderate associations of descriptive norms and perceived risk with these behaviors such that substance use is lower for adolescents and young adults who report fewer opportunities regardless of their predispositions to engage in them. Method: Data were obtained using online surveys administered in 2023-24 to 1,014 adolescents and young adults (ages 15- to 20 years) in 40 California, USA, cities. They were asked how often they had an opportunity to engage in alcohol, cannabis, and simultaneous use in five different contexts in the past year, even if they chose not do so. They were also asked about past year frequency and typical quantity of alcohol and cannabis use and frequency of heavy drinking and simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis. Additional questions asked about descriptive norms (friends' use), perceived risk for each substance use behavior, and demographic characteristics. Results: Multi-level mixed effects regression analyses accounting for nesting of participants within cities and for demographic characteristics showed that exposure to fewer opportunities for cannabis, alcohol, and simultaneous use was associated with reduced use. Consistent with our hypotheses, less use was observed among those who were more and less favorably predisposed to engage in these behaviors. Conclusion: These findings suggest that interventions limiting retail and social availability of alcohol and cannabis or constraining opportunities for use, can reduce alcohol and cannabis use and co-use among youth regardless of their predispositions to engage in these behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention (2022)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School Health Promotion Through UNESCO's Four Pillars of Education and NICE Participation Frameworks: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Oscar Altamirano-Carreón, Teresa Gutierrez-Rosado, Beatriz Olaya Guzmán, María Álvarez Moleiro, Berta Conil Purgimon, Oscar Esparza Del Villar","doi":"10.1007/s10935-026-00960-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-026-00960-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>School health promotion is a central component of Life-Course Health Development (LCHD); however, limited evidence has examined how the governance of intervention processes relates to pedagogical depth. This systematic review aimed to analyze and classify school health promotion programs through a cross-analysis based on UNESCO's Four Pillars of Education and the community participation levels outlined in the NICE NG44 guideline. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and ERIC for studies published between January 2014 and December 2024, yielding 1,643 records. After screening and eligibility assessment, 35 studies were included and evaluated using deductive coding. The findings revealed an uneven descriptive and inferential pattern rather than a balanced alignment between pedagogical depth and participatory intensity. Learning to Be reached transformative levels in 77.1% of the studies, whereas Learning to Know remained predominantly instrumental (51.4%). Participation patterns were mostly directive, with 51.4% of programs classified at low participation levels (\"Inform\" and \"Consult\"), and only 17.1% reaching shared governance levels (\"Collaborate\" and \"Empower\"). Exact inferential testing showed that transformative depth in social and community-oriented learning (Learning to Live Together) was significantly associated with participation intensity (p = .001), whereas no statistically significant associations were observed for Learning to Know, Learning to Do, or Learning to Be (p > .05). To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to cross-analyze pedagogical architectures and power-transfer dynamics in universal school health promotion, offering an evidence-informed roadmap to strengthen collective agency in school health design.</p>","PeriodicalId":73905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention (2022)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Gambling Among Adolescents: An Umbrella Review of School-Based Prevention Programmes.","authors":"V Cabrera-Perona, S Tirado González, D Lloret-Irles","doi":"10.1007/s10935-026-00957-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-026-00957-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, both land-based and online gambling have become increasingly normalised and socially accepted activities. Despite legal restrictions aimed at preventing underage access, evidence confirms concerning prevalence rates among adolescents. Over the past three decades, preventive programmes have been developed to reduce the incidence of problem gambling, alongside several systematic reviews. This umbrella review synthesises and critically contrasts the findings of previous reviews. A systematic search was conducted across seven databases (ProQuest, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, CENTRAL) and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry in line with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Reviews evaluating adolescent gambling prevention using behavioural, severity, knowledge, risk-perception or attitude outcomes were eligible. Methodological quality and overlap were assessed using AMSTAR-2 and CCA. Seven systematic reviews and meta-analyses were identified, comprising 38 primary-study entries in the overlap matrix. These entries generated 107 review-study inclusions (CCA = 30.26%), indicating substantial overlap across reviews. Interventions consistently improved knowledge and beliefs, but behavioural effects were modest, inconsistent, and rarely sustained. The seven reviews draw heavily on a limited and overlapping body of primary studies. Cognitive improvements were reported, but all seven reviews were rated critically low by AMSTAR-2 and comparative evidence for multicomponent and skills-based programmes remains limited. More rigorous designs, longer follow-ups, and consistent outcome measures are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":73905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention (2022)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School-based prevention of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: mapping the evidence from adolescent prevention programs.","authors":"Bahareh Ahmadinejad, Benjamin Bonenti, Jason Ferris, Nyanda McBride, Amy Peacock, Rachel Sutherland, Leanne Hides, Kyle T Ganson, Jason M Nagata, Timothy Piatkowski","doi":"10.1007/s10935-026-00959-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-026-00959-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents are vulnerable to sociocultural influences related to body image and appearance, which may increase the risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and other image- and performance-enhancing drug (IPED) use and subsequent adverse health outcomes. School-based prevention initiatives targeting AAS use and its associated health risks may prevent the initiation and use of these substances among adolescents by educating them about the dangers, adverse effects, and risks of AAS use while promoting healthier choices. This scoping review aimed to map the characteristics, intervention components, and reported outcomes of school-based prevention programs targeting AAS and other IPED use among adolescents. Peer-reviewed English-language studies evaluating school-based prevention programs addressing AAS and IPEDs among adolescents were included. Searches were conducted through Scopus, Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, ProQuest, MEDLINE (Ovid), and PsycINFO, covering all eligible records published up to September 2025. Data were charted to map study characteristics, intervention types and delivery features, populations, and outcome domains assessed, with findings synthesised descriptively in line with scoping review methodology. Seventeen studies were included. Interventions mostly involved classroom-based education (70.6%) and sport- or exercise-integrated components (52.9%). Outcomes were predominantly evaluated by study-specific questionnaires (58.8%). Most studies examined knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and psychosocial outcomes, whereas fewer studies assessed behavioural outcomes, particularly actual AAS use (≤ 20%). Considerable variation was identified in intervention content, outcome measures, and follow-up periods. The available literature is heterogeneous and primarily focuses on knowledge, attitudinal, intentional, and psychosocial outcomes rather than behavioural outcomes. Future research should include more consistent outcome measures, longer follow-up periods, and greater attention to behavioural outcomes and psychosocial determinants of AAS and IPED use.</p>","PeriodicalId":73905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention (2022)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employees' Readiness for an Evidence-Based Bullying Prevention Intervention in Early Childhood Education and Care Centers.","authors":"Josefine Jonsson, Geraldine Mabille, Ingrid Kvestad, Monica Martinussen, Henriette Kyrrestad, Merete Aasheim","doi":"10.1007/s10935-026-00955-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-026-00955-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Norway, 6-20% of children in early childhood education and care (ECEC) experience bullying victimization. Many studies link early experiences of bullying to increased risks of developmental problems and adverse life trajectories. There is therefore a growing interest in evidence-based bullying prevention in this sector. This study examined employees' readiness to implement Be-Prox, an evidence-based bullying prevention intervention, in Norwegian ECEC centers.= Survey data were collected from 376 employees across 38 ECEC centers. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess aspects related to readiness, such as perceived innovation fit and perceptions of organizational implementation context. Descriptive findings displayed moderately high levels of perceived innovation fit and positive organizational implementation context, indicating readiness to implement Be-Prox in the sample. Additionally, stagewise mixed-effects analyses were used to examine if demographic characteristics and perceptions of organizational implementation context predicted innovation fit. Results from the final mixed-effects model showed that employees working with younger children reported a lower perceived innovation fit compared to those working with older children. (B = - 0.29, p = 0.015). In addition, perceived organizational support for evidence-based interventions was positively associated with innovation fit (B = 0.24, p <0.001). We did not detect any significant associations between innovation fit and education level, tenure, leadership effectiveness, or perceived workload barrier in the final model. The results are discussed in relation to previous findings, tentative implications for preventive work in ECEC practice, design limitations and recommendations for future research.Trial registry The project that this study is connected to as a secondary research aim is registered at Clinical Trials (ID:NCT06040437).</p>","PeriodicalId":73905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention (2022)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Capital, Ecological Context, and Mental Health Among Medical and Health-Sciences University Students: A Multilevel Study Across 20 Chinese Cities.","authors":"Shuhan Jiang, Tingzhong Yang, Jiawei Jin, Randall R Cottrell","doi":"10.1007/s10935-026-00956-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-026-00956-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examines how social capital - including its cognitive, participatory, and relational dimensions - and the ecological economic context are associated with probable mental disorders among Chinese university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional multilevel survey was conducted among 5,025 undergraduates from 22 universities across 20 cities in mainland China. Probable mental disorder was screen-identified using the CHQ-12, a screening (not diagnostic) instrument, and social capital was measured using the 12-item SCQ, which captures cognitive, participatory, and relational dimensions; both an overall index and dimension-specific multilevel models were estimated. Three-level (individual-university-region) multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate associations with individual-, institutional-, and city-level factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of screen-positive probable mental disorder was 27.2% (95% CI: 24.7%-29.7%). Higher overall social capital was associated with lower odds of probable mental disorder in a graded fashion (highest vs. lowest category OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.18-0.35). Among dimensions, relational social capital showed the strongest and most stable inverse association (≥ 2.0 vs. < 1.8: OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.25-0.58), followed by cognitive social capital, whereas the association for participatory social capital did not persist when all dimensions were modelled jointly. Students at lower-ranked universities reported lower odds (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.40-0.56) than those at the highest-ranked institutions. Higher home-region GDP per capita was associated with lower odds of probable mental disorder (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.62-0.76), whereas university-city GDP per capita was not significantly associated with probable mental disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Social capital - and its relational dimension in particular - university type, and regional economic development are each independently associated with probable mental disorder among university students. Multilevel social and structural contexts should be considered in designing mental health interventions in higher education.</p>","PeriodicalId":73905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention (2022)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where are the Public in Prevention Science? A Scoping Review of Public Involvement in the Development and Evaluation of Family-Based Prevention Interventions.","authors":"Arsha Kaur, Layan Amouri, Ina Koning, Jeremy Segrott","doi":"10.1007/s10935-026-00953-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-026-00953-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public involvement (PI) - research conducted with or by members of the public - is increasingly recognised as essential to high-quality intervention research. However, its role in Prevention Science, including within family-based interventions, remains unclear. We conducted a scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley (2005), Levac et al. (2010) and JBI guidance (Peters et al., 2020). Peer-reviewed empirical studies published between January 2022 and December 2024 that reported the development, implementation or evaluation of community-based family prevention interventions were eligible. Searches across four databases identified 540 eligible studies at title/abstract screening. Using a fixed-interval random sampling approach, 81 full texts were reviewed, and 54 studies were included for in-depth analysis (≈ 10% of eligible papers). Data extraction captured the presence, scope, terminology, frameworks, and reported outcomes of PI. Only 3.7% (2/54) of included studies explicitly reported PI, with a further two describing its presence in linked publications from earlier phases of the same research. Within the analytic sample, explicit reporting of public involvement was uncommon across the range of countries, intervention types and research stages represented. Where present, PI was largely confined to intervention development, with no examples of PI informing the design or conduct of evaluations. No study used established PI frameworks (e.g., GRIPP2, Involve). Among the 50 studies with no identified PI, 26/50 (52%) collected participant feedback on intervention experiences, but this was conceptually distinct from PI. Public involvement in research on family-based prevention interventions appears extremely limited. Possible explanations include a genuine lack of PI activity, underreporting, and conceptual confusion between PI and participant feedback. Strengthening PI in Prevention Science will require clearer definitions, shared terminology, capacity building for researchers and public partners, and stronger expectations from journals and funders. Improved reporting will support cross-study learning and the development of good practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention (2022)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation and Feasibility of a Co-designed Intervention to Promote Healthy Eating: Designed by Children for Children.","authors":"Urte Klink, Hannah Jilani","doi":"10.1007/s10935-026-00913-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10935-026-00913-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of healthy dietary behaviours during childhood is crucial for long-term health, and schools represent a key setting for health promotion. Actively involving children in health-related projects offers a meaningful opportunity to encourage and reinforce healthy behaviours. Therefore, this formative pilot study primarily aimed to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and engagement potential of a participatory, school-based dietary intervention involving preadolescent students. During the 2023/24 school year, a participatory research project including a formative pilot study was conducted at a school in Bremen, Germany, aiming to involve children in the co-design, implementation, and formal evaluation of a school-based dietary intervention. Sixth-grade students (11-12 years old) collaborated with researchers over several months to design an intervention for their 5th -grade peers (10-12 years old). The intervention included the free distribution of self-prepared healthy snacks and the display of educational posters. Implementation experiences and participant responses were explored using a child-friendly food neophobia questionnaire, measuring children's reluctance to try unfamiliar foods, alongside narrative methods. Participation in this pilot study was perceived as highly positive by 6th -grade students, who showed increased confidence, self-esteem, and interest as well as skills in nutrition and cooking/baking. The collaborative process fostered strong relationships between students and researchers and supported sutdents' sense of empowerment. Although 5th -grade students generally enjoyed the free snacks, their food neophobia scores showed no significant change, consistent with the formative nature of the study. Overall, the findings highlight the feasibility and acceptability of participatory approaches to school-based nutrition interventions and underscore their potential to promote engagement and empowerment among children. Our results provide valuable insights into participatory development and implementation processes to inform future school-based health promotion efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":73905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention (2022)","volume":" ","pages":"921-937"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13582117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Literacy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Comprehensive Scoping Review of Research Developments.","authors":"Kristine Sørensen, Lilliana Villa-Vélez, Stefanie Harsch, Virginia Visconde Brasil","doi":"10.1007/s10935-026-00922-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10935-026-00922-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health literacy is critical for reducing inequality and promoting effective implementation of health services and better health outcomes. The health literacy agenda is gaining momentum worldwide, including in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, a comprehensive overview of research developments in the region is lacking. This study aimed to explore the state of the art of health literacy research in Latin America and the Caribbean. A scoping review was conducted in January 2024 drawing upon data from the databases: La Referencia, BVS, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ERIC. The search results were reviewed in Rayyan by all co-authors. The title and abstracts were screened, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria followed by extraction, analysis and synthesis of data according to the research objectives. The search yielded 375 publications including 289 peer-reviewed articles and 86 dissertations and theses. The sample included quantitative (73.9%), qualitative (13.9%), mixed-methods (5.9%), and bibliographic (1.9%) studies and other types of scientific publications (4.5%). Two thirds of the countries published health literacy research. Most originated from Brazil, followed by Mexico, Chile, Peru, and Colombia. There was a marked increase in publications from 2017 onward, reaching a peak in 2022. The most frequently cited definitions were by Sørensen et al. (Sørensen et al in BMC Pub Health 12:80, 2012 and the WHO Health Promotion Glossary (World Health Organization (WHO). (1998). Health promotion glossary.). The prominent research topics included oral health literacy and non-communicable diseases. Other topics include e.g., general health literacy, communicable diseases, functional health literacy, and healthcare literacy. Health literacy was measured 312 times with a variety of established and newly developed instruments. This scoping review highlights progress and challenges concerning health literacy research in Latin America and the Caribbean. The active health literacy research community adopts multiple research strategies, themes and multidisciplinary approaches for adapting health literacy interventions to diverse populations. Brazil and its vibrant health literacy community can inspire the development of health literacy in the region. Ongoing research, policy innovation, and community-based action are needed to maximize health literacy's potential for improving health services, public health, and wellbeing in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":73905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention (2022)","volume":" ","pages":"879-901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13582156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148019183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School Dropout and Adolescent Homicides in São Paulo: A Case-Control Study on Programmatic Vulnerability.","authors":"Marcelo Ryngelblum, Maria Fernanda Tourinho Peres","doi":"10.1007/s10935-026-00916-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10935-026-00916-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescent homicide is a major public health challenge in Brazil. This study investigates the association between school dropout and homicide death in São Paulo, exploring justice-system involvement as a potential mediator. A population-based case-control study was conducted. Cases (N = 939) were adolescents (10-19 years) killed by homicide (2015-2020), identified via police records and linked to school databases. Controls (N = 939) were randomly selected after stratification of the cases by sex. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression to estimate Odds Ratios (OR). Mediation analysis estimated natural direct (NDE) and indirect effects (NIE) through court proceedings. Most victims were male (94.7%) and out of school at the time of death (68.8% males; 50.0% females). In adjusted models, school dropout was strongly associated with homicide for both males (ORadj = 5.54; 95% CI 4.33-7.09) and females (ORadj = 5.23; 95% CI 1.60-17.07). For males, a history of court proceedings showed a high association with homicide (ORc = 16.74; 95% CI 12.75-21.98). Mediation analysis indicated that court proceedings accounted for 24% of the total association (NIE OR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.34-1.64). The proportion mediated was higher for males (25%) than for females (14%). School dropout is a significant marker of vulnerability associated with adolescent homicide. Although justice-system involvement explains part of this association, particularly for males, the direct association remains predominant across sexes. These results indicate that school disengagement and conflict with the law are interlinked exploratory pathways in the trajectories of lethal victimization among adolescents. Keywords: Homicide, Adolescent, Vulnerability, Secondary Data Analysis, Data Linkage, Violence .</p>","PeriodicalId":73905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of prevention (2022)","volume":" ","pages":"939-955"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13582115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}