Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology最新文献

{"title":"Unlocking the power of antimicrobial peptides to combat infectious agents.","authors":"Takhellambam Malemnganba, Kirti Baghel, Sanjana Mehrotra, Vijay Kumar Prajapati","doi":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a major clinical challenge, creating an urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising candidates in the fight against these resistant pathogens. Naturally produced by a wide variety of organisms, AMPs are a crucial part of the innate immune system, offering a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Unlike traditional antibiotics, AMPs primarily target microbial membranes, which reduces the likelihood of resistance development. Beyond their pathogen-destroying properties, AMPs enhance immune responses, aid in wound healing, and exhibit anticancer properties. Their ability to act swiftly and in synergy with the host immune system offers a distinct advantage over conventional antibiotics. Furthermore, AMPs hold the potential to be developed into novel treatments for infections that have become resistant to all available therapies. However, bacterial resistance mechanisms to AMPs-such as membrane modifications, protease production, and biofilm formation-underscore the complex interactions between hosts and pathogens. Despite these challenges, AMPs present an exciting avenue across multiple sectors, including medicine, agriculture, and food safety. Recent research also highlights their potential in treating viral infections, including COVID-19, showcasing their versatile applications. This chapter discusses the role of AMPs in addressing antibiotic resistance, their mechanisms of action, and their diverse therapeutic applications beyond bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7376,"journal":{"name":"Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology","volume":"149 ","pages":"203-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision therapeutics for wound healing: Molecular targets, signalling networks, and advanced drug design strategies.","authors":"Sibiya Ashokkumar, Rishi Ganesh Sonniyan Kumar, Esakkimuthu Shanmugasundaram","doi":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2026.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2026.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The therapeutic manipulation concerning towards wound healing meets the different macroscopic levels such as immunological mechanisms, molecular signalling networks, developmental biology (regeneration) and drug discovery. From the epidermal skin infection to the deprived wound conditions, they are turned around into either scar or regenerated tissues. The restoration of tissue networks meets an intrinsic and dynamic rewinding processes from gene signals to several enzymes secretion led healing actions. Several advancements made in the wound healing materials and therapeutic assistive kits. Nanoparticle got high significant potential does not allow the drug waste rather it enhance target specific modifiers that either increase or decrease inflammatory response depend on the acute and chronic condition. And, there intrinsic pathways and growth regulators where activated in the entire process of wound healing. This review, encompasses from the rudimentary process to mechanism of highly advanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":7376,"journal":{"name":"Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology","volume":"153 ","pages":"437-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetic landscapes and fuzzy complexes: Computational targeting of viral intrinsically disordered proteins.","authors":"Kumar Viknesh, Periyasamy Vijayalakshmi, Asha Monica Alex, Lakshmi Narayanan Muthumani, Saravanan Muthupandian, Deepali Desai, Solaiyappan Ramanathan, Antony Likson, Chandrabose Selvaraj","doi":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2026.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2026.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increased recognition of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) as critical mediators in viral infections has shifted attention toward fuzzy drug targets, challenging the conventional structure-based paradigms of drug discovery due to their inherent conformational flexibility. The binding of viral IDPs and IDRs to host factors occurs in dynamic, multivalent, and context-dependent interactions and constitute flexible complexes, which form the basis of pathogenicity and immune evasion. In this review, the disordered proteins of viruses are considered with a combination of molecular, computational, and translational insights to assess the next-generation antiviral targets. In this, we have discuss about the energetic landscapes that control the disorder, functional disorder order transitions and the fuzzy interfaces as centers of the networks of virus-host interactions. Special focus is kept on the new lines of computational and AI-directed technologies such as ensemble-based docking, machine-learning computational models of IDP ligand recognition, and multi-omics-driven target prioritization. The experimental approaches that are modified to characterize disordered systems, including NMR spectroscopy and hybrid structural biology, are also reviewed. The translational applicability of the targeting of viral fuzziness is highlighted by case studies of HIV-1, influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and emerging viral pathogens. We also provide directions about the future involving adaptive pharmacophores, customized antiviral approaches, and AI-driven ensemble targeting making disordered viral proteins a paradigm shift in antiviral drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":7376,"journal":{"name":"Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology","volume":"153 ","pages":"351-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytoskeltal intermediate filaments in Tau pathology and neurodegeneration.","authors":"Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi, Sneha Malik","doi":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.10.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.10.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins that are vital for proper cell structure formation and functioning. There are six types of these proteins. Type I includes acidic keratins, Type II includes basic and neutral keratins, both of which are present in epithelial cells. Type III includes vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and peripherin, among which the last two are highly involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Type IV includes three types of neurofilament proteins, NF-L, NF-M and NF-H, where L signifies light, M signifies medium and H signifies heavy. The fourth protein in this category is α-internexin. All of these proteins are highly involved in neurodegenerative diseases, especially the neurofilament proteins. The type V intermediate filament proteins are lamins. The type VI intermediate filaments are nestins. Their involvement in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases has been observed, including Alzheimer's disease, Cerebral Ischemia, Multiple Sclerosis, Alexander Disease, Neuronal IF inclusion disease (NIFID) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease in which two proteins are mainly involved, the Tau protein and the Amyloid-β protein. This review discusses the crosstalk of the intermediate filament proteins with the pathological proteins involved in the neurodegenerative diseases. For the case of the Alzheimer's disease, many of the intermediate filament proteins are involved in the disease pathology and are vital markers for the disease. One of the category of proteins involved is neurofilaments, among which NF-L is a marker for the disease. Keratin 9 and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are other intermediate filament proteins that are being explored as markers for the Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7376,"journal":{"name":"Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology","volume":"150 ","pages":"351-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamics of podosomes, extracellular matrix-associated proteins regulate the cytoskeletal remodeling, mechanosensing, migration in Tau.","authors":"Gowshika Velmurugan, Sneha Malik, Amit Kumar Mishra, Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi","doi":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The formation of filopodia and podosome-like structures as a part of the Alzheimer's disease pathology has been examined over the recent past. Podosomes are structures rich in F-actin, which are involved in adhesion and mechanosensing. To assist the podosomes in its roles, it has an advanced and dynamic structure, comprised of actin filaments as a part of its core, the ring region composed of integrin and integrin-actin linkers and the cap composed of tropomyosin 4. The podosomes organize from clusters to rings to belts. Various components are involved in the formation of podosomes, including phosphatidylinositol, Src kinases, PI3 kinase, the adaptor TKS5, integrins, cortactin, paxillin, Iba1, Sk3, PAM, EB1, CDC42, WASP and Arp2/3. Podosomes play a role in cell adhesion by attaching cells to the ECM, while also contributing to the latter's degradation. Many studies have also shown that podosomes and invadosomes are involved in pathogen clearance. Various factors responsible for the formation of podosomes have also been linked to the Alzheimer's disease, including TKS5 and ADAM12 which have been liked to Amyloid-β. TKS5 and Arp2 are involved in the interactions between the P2Y12 receptor and Tau, which lead to the formation of podosomes. It is suggested that these podosomes are involved in the microglial migratory process.</p>","PeriodicalId":7376,"journal":{"name":"Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology","volume":"150 ","pages":"221-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent strategies and approaches for the development of molecularly targeted nanomedicine.","authors":"Aman Kumar, Md Hidul Islam, Pranav Dhingra, Abhishek Sharma, Sneha Kumari, Komal Chaudhary, Preeti Patel, Balak Das Kurmi","doi":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2026.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apcsb.2026.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecularly targeted nanomedicine has emerged as a transformative approach in modern drug delivery by integrating nanotechnology with molecular biology to achieve site-specific therapeutic action. Conventional pharmacotherapy often suffers from poor selectivity, systemic toxicity, limited bioavailability, and off-target effects, particularly in the treatment of complex diseases such as cancer, inflammatory disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Advances in the understanding of disease-specific molecular targets and pathological microenvironments have driven the development of nanocarriers capable of precise targeting and controlled drug release. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of recent strategies and approaches employed in the design of molecularly targeted nanomedicines. It discusses fundamental principles of nanocarrier design, physicochemical properties influencing biological performance, and the mechanisms of passive and active targeting. Various classes of nanocarriers, including lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, hybrid, and biomimetic systems, are critically examined with respect to their targeting potential. Additionally, the chapter highlights the role of targeting ligands, stimuli-responsive systems, and tumor microenvironment-specific strategies in enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Current challenges, translational barriers, and future perspectives are also addressed, emphasizing the potential of molecularly targeted nanomedicine to advance precision therapy and improve clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7376,"journal":{"name":"Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology","volume":"153 ","pages":"1-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic immunomodulators: Revolutionizing immunotherapy.","authors":"Anju Surendranath, Adna Mohammed Adan, Alanoud Abdulla, Fatima Hakeem, Warda Berair Mustafa Abdelgani, Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil, Ajaz A Bhat","doi":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2026.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2026.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunotherapy has reshaped modern medicine, especially in oncology, yet uneven patient responses, treatment resistance, and immune-related toxicities still limit its impact. This chapter focuses on synthetic immunomodulators, engineered agents that steer immune activity with tighter control than broad immunosuppressants or many first-generation biologics. We first revisited why classical immunomodulation was often blunt and toxic, and how advances in chemistry, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology now enable more selective immune tuning. We then organized the field into practical classes such as small molecules, synthetic peptides and peptidomimetics, cytokine mimetics, nucleic acid-based modulators, and synthetic checkpoint modulators, and explained how each can either strengthen protective immunity (for example, antitumor responses) or calm damaging inflammation in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory settings. We highlighted use cases that matter at the bedside, including vaccine adjuvants, reprogramming suppressive tumor microenvironments, sustaining cytotoxic and memory responses, and building rational combinations with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Finally, we summarized the clinical direction and key translational bottlenecks, including delivery and biodistribution, toxicity ceilings from overactivation, and the need for biomarker-guided patient selection and sequencing. Overall, synthetic immunomodulators are moving the field from simply turning immunity up or down to tuning it with better timing, location, and cell-type precision. We concluded with practical markers that can track whether a strategy is working, including interferon response signatures, antigen-presenting cell activation, and early shifts in cytotoxic lymphocyte populations in patients over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":7376,"journal":{"name":"Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology","volume":"151 ","pages":"101-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147939904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic profiling reveals immune pathway dysregulation and key interferon-responsive genes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.","authors":"Prasanna Kumar Selvam, Supraja Mohan, Karthick Vasudevan","doi":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation, multi-organ involvement, and a strong type I interferon (IFN) signature. To elucidate immune-specific molecular drivers of SLE, we performed transcriptomic profiling using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from 117 samples (99 SLE patients, 18 healthy controls) obtained from the European Nucleotide Archive (PRJNA294187). Following quality control, alignment to GRCh38, and read quantification, differential expression analysis with DESeq2 identified 2150 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1361 upregulated and 789 downregulated genes (FDR<0.01, |log₂FC=>1). Reactome pathway enrichment isolated 41 immune-related DEGs enriched in cytokine signaling, interferon response, antigen processing, and innate immune activation. Notably, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as EIF2AK2, ISG15, CXCL10, CXCL11, IFI44L, RSAD2, and HERC5 emerged as central nodes in immune regulatory networks. Gene Ontology analysis highlighted overactivation of defense response, chemokine-mediated cell trafficking, and Jak-STAT signaling pathways typically induced by viral infection but aberrantly sustained in SLE, driving chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Several genes, including HERC5, HERC6, and IL5RA, exhibited regulatory roles in ubiquitination and cytokine receptor signaling, suggesting potential as biomarkers for disease activity. These findings support targeting type I IFN signaling and related immune circuits as therapeutic strategies, aligning with emerging clinical success of IFN-blockade in SLE. By prioritizing immune-focused DEGs and integrating pathway-level interpretation, our study refines the transcriptomic landscape of SLE and provides actionable molecular insights for precision medicine approaches aimed at disease modulation and patient stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":7376,"journal":{"name":"Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology","volume":"152 ","pages":"123-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148003909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial peptides: Bioinformatic advances and translational therapeutics to combat antibiotic resistance.","authors":"Sree Haryini, Komalpreet Kaur Manku, Aishwari Deshkar, George Priya Doss C","doi":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.10.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), constitute a class of endogenous oligopeptides that are integral to the innate immune system. These peptides exhibit potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, targeting a diverse array of pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, fungi, and select protozoan species. In addition to their immunological relevance, AMPs are increasingly recognized as promising candidates for next-generation therapeutics, particularly in the context of the escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis. Their multifaceted mechanisms of action and molecular specificity position them as key candidates for biomedical research and pharmaceutical advancement. This comprehensive review delineates the current landscape of AMP research, emphasizing recent advances in structural classification, mechanistic elucidation, and therapeutic development. Special emphasis is given to the proliferation of AMP-centric bioinformatics repositories and algorithmic platforms that leverage machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) architectures to enable high-throughput peptide mining, rational design, functional annotation, and optimization. The integration of computational modeling with experimental pipelines such as molecular docking, atomistic simulations, and free energy perturbation analyses has significantly enhanced the resolution of peptide-protein interaction studies, facilitating predictive modeling at sub-nanometer scales. Clinical translational barriers are critically assessed, with a focus on emergent strategies that enhance pharmacokinetic stability, target specificity, and immunocompatibility of AMP-based formulations. Moreover, the review explores frontier technologies, including quantum-enhanced computing, adaptive algorithmic evolution, and deterministic sampling paradigms that are redefining the computational efficiency and design fidelity of peptide engineering workflows. Overall, this review underscores the transformative impact of advanced technological innovations in accelerating peptide discovery and bridging the gap between laboratory research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7376,"journal":{"name":"Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology","volume":"149 ","pages":"1-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural insights, immunomodulatory functions, and therapeutic potential of host defense peptides in avoiding antimicrobial resistance.","authors":"Gisele Regina Rodrigues, Michel Lopes Leite, Octavio Luiz Franco","doi":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) undermines the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment, and due to this, it now worldwide health concern. In general, antibiotics are used to control or combat bacteria, their widespread and irresponsible has contributed to the development bacterial resistance to some microbial drug. Due to this, treating patients identified with resistant bacteria is burdensome and, expensive, and success rates are low. Among the more successful tools are host defense peptides (HDPs), which represent a beneficial alternative due to their unique mechanisms of action and low toxicity toward host cells. HDPs are crucial innate immune system components, exhibiting antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Some peptides, such as human cathelicidin LL-37, exhibit direct pathogen-killing activity and the ability to modulate innate immune responses. HDPs also interact with various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), influencing downstream pathways essential for microbial clearance and inflammation regulation. These interactions damage the microbial membrane, stimulating cytokine production and immune cell recruitment. Furthermore, HDPs can modulate chemokine receptor signaling to coordinate leukocyte migration and enhance host protection. Despite these promising aspects, there are challenges to overcome, such as potential immunotoxicity, proteolytic instability, and low receptor specificity, which hinder clinical application. This review highlights the complex interaction between HDPs and immune receptors, which can be used to overcome AMR and inform next-generation anti-infective therapy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":7376,"journal":{"name":"Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology","volume":"149 ","pages":"313-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}