{"title":"Inertial measurement with solid-state spins of nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond","authors":"Liye Zhao, Xiang Shen, Lumin Ji, Pu Huang","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.2004921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.2004921","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is one of the major platforms in the evolving field of quantum technologies. The inertial surveying technology based on NV centers in diamond is a developing field with both scientific and technological importance. Quantum measurement using the solid-state spin of the NV center has demonstrated potential in both high-precision and small-volume low-cost devices. In terms of rotation measurement, the optically detected magnetic resonance has provided a perspective of the rotation measurement mechanism via the solid-state spin of the NV center. A new type of gyroscope based on the solid-state spin in diamond according to the theory has attracted considerable attention. In addition, combined with the ingenious quantum mechanics manipulation and coupling mechanism, acceleration measurement can be achieved through an efficient quantum detection technology of the NV center. This review summarizes the recent research progress in diamond-based inertial measurement, including sensitivity optimization methods for inertial measurement systems based on the NV center. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45039127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultrafast dynamics of helical Dirac fermions in the topological insulators","authors":"Y. Bai, Na Li, Ruxin Li, P. Liu","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.2013134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.2013134","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three-dimensional topological insulators feature unconventional two-dimensional surface states, the carriers in which are helical Dirac fermions and protected from backscattering. Thus, they exhibit novel electronic response upon illuminate ultrashort and intense laser light. We briefly reviewed recent studies on ultrafast phenomena from the surface of the topological insulators driven by laser pulse ranging from visible to THz frequency. Ultrafast dynamics of Dirac fermions can be excited by helical photons and driven by strong light field. Many unique nonlinear behaviors have been demonstrated, such as the excitation of helicity-dependent photocurrent, the formation of Floquet-Bloch bands, lightwave-driven Dirac currents and the generation of optical high-harmonic emission. This review aimed at understanding the microscopic mechanism of the ultrafast charge and spin dynamics in topological surface states and its prospects for coherent manipulation of Dirac fermions by laser light. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46707442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C Guardiani, F Cecconi, L Chiodo, G Cottone, P Malgaretti, L Maragliano, M L Barabash, G Camisasca, M Ceccarelli, B Corry, R Roth, A Giacomello, B Roux
{"title":"Computational methods and theory for ion channel research.","authors":"C Guardiani, F Cecconi, L Chiodo, G Cottone, P Malgaretti, L Maragliano, M L Barabash, G Camisasca, M Ceccarelli, B Corry, R Roth, A Giacomello, B Roux","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2080587","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2080587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ion channels are fundamental biological devices that act as gates in order to ensure selective ion transport across cellular membranes; their operation constitutes the molecular mechanism through which basic biological functions, such as nerve signal transmission and muscle contraction, are carried out. Here, we review recent results in the field of computational research on ion channels, covering theoretical advances, state-of-the-art simulation approaches, and frontline modeling techniques. We also report on few selected applications of continuum and atomistic methods to characterize the mechanisms of permeation, selectivity, and gating in biological and model channels.</p>","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9302924/pdf/nihms-1821206.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10457898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Le Donne, A. Tinti, Eder Amayuelas, Hemant K. Kashyap, G. Camisasca, Richard C. Remsing, R. Roth, Yaroslav Grosu, S. Meloni
{"title":"Intrusion and extrusion of liquids in highly confining media: bridging fundamental research to applications","authors":"A. Le Donne, A. Tinti, Eder Amayuelas, Hemant K. Kashyap, G. Camisasca, Richard C. Remsing, R. Roth, Yaroslav Grosu, S. Meloni","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2022.2052353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2052353","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wetting and drying of pores or cavities, made by walls that attract or repel the liquid, is a ubiquitous process in nature and has many technological applications including, for example, liquid separation, chromatography, energy damping, conversion, and storage. Understanding under which conditions intrusion/extrusion takes place and how to control/tune them by chemical or physical means are currently among the main questions in the field. Historically, the theory to model intrusion/extrusion was based on the mechanics of fluids. However, the discovery of the existence of metastable states, where systems are kinetically trapped in the intruded or extruded configuration, fostered the research based on modern statistical mechanics concepts and more accurate models of the liquid, vapor, and gas phases beyond the simplest sharp interface representation. In parallel, inspired by the growing number of technological applications of intrusion/extrusion, experimental research blossomed considering systems with complex chemistry and pore topology, possessing flexible frameworks, and presenting unusual properties, such as negative volumetric compressibility. In this article, we review recent theoretical and experimental progresses, presenting it in the context of unifying framework. We illustrate also emerging technological applications of intrusion/extrusion and discuss challenges ahead. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60110689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Partially coherent light beam shaping via complex spatial coherence structure engineering","authors":"Yahong Chen, Fei Wang, Y. Cai","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.2009742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.2009742","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The techniques of optical beam shaping have enabled progress in a broad range of interdisciplinary science and engineering, owing to the unique properties and promising applications of their created structured light. However, the conventional methods, which are based on fully coherent optics approaches, introduce several adverse effects such as speckles noise in the generated beams and susceptible to be disturbed in complex environment (e.g. turbulent atmospheres), because of the sensitive coherent light-matter interaction. To overcome those side effects, a new protocol relied on the partially coherent beam shaping has been developed. By elaborately tailoring the complex spatial coherence structure of a partially coherent beam, the desired beam profile and trajectory with high beam quality and robust propagation feature in complex environment can be generated. In this review, we present an overview of such unconventional partially coherent beam shaping with a focus on the important role of the complex spatial coherence structure engineering. Partially coherent beam shaping not only provides an efficient means for resisting the disadvantages in coherent optics methods but also enables new applications in novel optical imaging and tweezers. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41508254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jongkyoon Park, Amutha V. Subramani, Seungchul Kim, M. Ciappina
{"title":"Recent trends in high-order harmonic generation in solids","authors":"Jongkyoon Park, Amutha V. Subramani, Seungchul Kim, M. Ciappina","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.2003244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.2003244","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High-order harmonic generation in solids, the nonlinear up-conversion of coherent radiation resulting from the interaction of a strong and short laser pulse with a solid sample, has come to age. Since the first experiments and theoretical developments, there has been a constant and steady interest in this topic. In this paper, we summarize the progress made so far and propose new possibilities for the generation of high-order harmonics with the aid of plasmonic fields. The driven fields could be adequately engineered both spatially and temporally with nanometric and attosecond resolution, offering to the conventional solid-HHG novel and exciting coherent sources. Just to cite an example, the generation of attosecond pulses using bulk matter is strongly linked to the appropriate manipulation of the driven field to avoid, for instance, reaching the damage threshold of the material. Plasmonics fields as an alternative to conventional laser beams could open new avenues in the development of table-top sources of ultrashort and strong coherent radiation. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43238034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flame assisted synthesis of nanostructures for device applications","authors":"Alishba T. John, A. Tricoli","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.1997153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.1997153","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Development of fabrication technologies for three-dimensional structuring and integration of nanomaterials in devices is important for a broad range of applications, including next-generation high energy density batteries, super(de)wetting and biomedical coatings, and miniaturized biomedical diagnostics. Amongst various nanofabrication approaches, the flame synthesis route accounts for some of the first man-made nanomaterials and industrial production of various nanoparticle commodities such as carbon black, fumed silica, and pigmentary titania. In the past two decades, flexibility in nanomaterials and facile fabrication of nanostructured films by aerosol self-assembly has motivated the exploration of this technology for device applications. In this review, we present a perspective of recent progress in flame-assisted nanofabrication and its application to emerging technologies. The fundamentals of flame synthesis will be briefly reviewed to evaluate trends in flame reactor designs and directions for improvements. A selection of exemplary flame-made nanostructures will be presented across the major categories of catalysis, energy conversion devices, membranes and sensors, highlighting weakness and strengths of this synthesis route. We will conclude with an outlook towards possible implementation of flame-assisted self-assembly as a scalable tool for nanofabrication in emerging devices and a critical assessment of the persisting challenges for its broader industrial uptake. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46322239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strong-field physics with nanospheres","authors":"L. Seiffert, S. Zherebtsov, M. Kling, T. Fennel","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.2010595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.2010595","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When intense laser fields interact with nanoscale targets, strong-field physics meets plasmonic near-field enhancement and subwavelength localization of light. Photoemission spectra reflect the associated attosecond optical and electronic response and encode the collisional and collective dynamics of the solid. Nanospheres represent an ideal platform to explore the underlying attosecond nanophysics because of their particularly simple geometry. This review summarizes key results from the last decade and aims to provide the essential stepping stones for students and researchers to enter this field. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49521866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High bandwidth temporal RF photonic signal processing with Kerr micro-combs: integration, fractional differentiation and Hilbert transforms","authors":"M. Tan, Xingyuan Xu, Jiayang Wu, D. Moss","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2020.1838946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2020.1838946","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated Kerr micro-combs, a powerful source of many wavelengths for photonic RF and microwave signal processing, are particularly useful for transversal filter systems. They have many advantages including a compact footprint, high versatility, large numbers of wavelengths, and wide bandwidths. We review recent progress on photonic RF and microwave high bandwidth temporal signal processing based on Kerr micro-combs with spacings from 49-200GHz. We cover integral and fractional Hilbert transforms, differentiators as well as integrators. The potential of optical micro-combs for RF photonic applications in functionality and ability to realize integrated solutions is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23746149.2020.1838946","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60110679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photonic flat band dynamics","authors":"Rodrigo A. Vicencio Poblete","doi":"10.1080/23746149.2021.1878057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2021.1878057","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the last decades, researchers of different scientific areas have investigated several systems and materials to suggest new ways of transporting and localizing light. These problems are probably main goals in any search for new configurations and new emerging properties, independently of the degree of complexity of suggested methods. Fortunately, fabrication techniques in photonics have consolidated during the last decades, allowing the experimental implementation of different theoretical ideas which were neither tested nor validated. Specifically, we will focus on recent advances in the implementation of Flat Band (FB) photonic systems. FB periodical structures have at least two bands in their linear spectrum, with one of them completely flat. This implies the emergence of linear photonic states which are completely localized in space and that can be located in different regions across the lattice. This localization occurs as a result of destructive interference, what naturally depends on the particular lattice geometry. In addition, flat band systems also posses dispersive states which make possible the observation of ballistic transport as well. Therefore, FB photonic lattices constitute an unique platform for studying localization and transport, without requiring the inclusion of any sophisticated interaction/effect, rather a smart and simple geometry. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7374,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics: X","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23746149.2021.1878057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45768686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}