Advances in Polymer Technology最新文献

{"title":"From Bench to Clinic: Crosslinking Approaches for Next-Generation Collagen Fillers","authors":"Song-Yi Wu,&nbsp;Chen-Chi Tsai,&nbsp;Wei-Bor Tsai","doi":"10.1155/adv/3899983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adv/3899983","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>With a deeper understanding of the aging process, injectable dermal fillers have revolutionized cosmetic dermatology and plastic surgery. These minimally invasive treatments address signs of aging, such as wrinkles, fine lines, and volume loss. The market for injectable dermal fillers expands yearly, with each product offering unique compositions that influence therapeutic outcomes, handling properties, and potential adverse effects. Fillers are generally classified into three major types: temporary, semi-permanent, and permanent. Temporary fillers, including hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen (COL)-based options, provide reliable correction but typically have limited longevity. Semi-permanent and permanent fillers, made from synthetic materials like poly-L-lactic acid and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), offer extended durations of neocollagenesis. This review focuses specifically on COL-based fillers, discussing both FDA-approved products and those still in the research stage.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/adv/3899983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of High-Temperature-Resistant Polybenzoxazole Paper by a Two-Step Method","authors":"Wanli Zhou,&nbsp;Xinye He,&nbsp;Kuan Yang,&nbsp;Heng Wang,&nbsp;Yizi Chen,&nbsp;Song Wang,&nbsp;Qinglan Xue","doi":"10.1155/adv/1175941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adv/1175941","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Polybenzoxazole (PBO) paper, made of PBO chopped fibers and PBO fibrids, is used in many cutting-edge fields because of its excellent properties. The rigid molecular structure makes PBO only dissolved in strong acids such as fuming sulfuric acid and polyphosphoric acid at a very high temperature. Due to the harsh preparation conditions, it is not easy to industrialize PBO fibrids. Herein, a two-step method was used to prepare the PBO paper. Firstly, polyhydroxyamide (PHA) was synthesized in an organic solvent and used to prepare fibrids, and the PHA paper was then prepared using PHA fibrids with a traditional wet papermaking process, and the obtained PHA paper was further converted into PBO paper by thermal cyclization. The results show that the PHA fibrids have a high length–diameter ratio, film shape, and abundant hair structure, and the tensile index of the PHA base paper is as high as 123.3 N·m/g. After thermal cyclization, the structure and morphology of the paper have little change, and the mechanical properties of the paper have a certain loss. However, it is still much higher than that of PBO paper prepared directly from PBO fibrids and has excellent thermal stability, so it is suitable for preparing high-temperature-resistant paper-based composites.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/adv/1175941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permanent Deformation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane in the Solid-State Rolling Process","authors":"Ehsan Ahmadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Forouzan,&nbsp;Peiman Mosaddegh","doi":"10.1155/adv/8811192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adv/8811192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The findings suggest that rolling is a potentially effective technique for commercial applications in industries requiring high-performance polymer films. The solid-state rolling process is well-established for semicrystalline and amorphous polymers, but its application to segmented, two-phase polymers like thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) which features physically cross-linked systems and excellent physical and mechanical properties, remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the rolling of TPU under various conditions to address viscous relaxation and achieve maximum thickness reduction, producing thin sheets. The rolling characteristics were assessed by measuring the thickness changes of rolled specimens of two TPUs with different hard phase fractions, alongside thermoset polyurethane (PUR) with chemical cross-linking for comparative analysis. The results showed that the TPUs exhibited little plastic deformation at room temperature. The cold rolling test, conducted at a rolling speed of 0.5 m min⁻¹ with a nominal reduction of 85%, indicated that the permanent reduction ratio was less than 35% for both TPUs. However, when the rolling speed was increased to 3 m min⁻¹, the permanent reduction ratio increased to 67% and 60% for TPU ShA90 and TPU ShA85, respectively. This result indicates that at high rolling speeds, the thermal condition tends to change from isotherm to adiabatic in the rolling test. The maximum reduction ratio of 70% was achieved at a nominal reduction of 85% for TPU ShA90 at higher rolling temperatures and speeds.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/adv/8811192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Recyclate Content on the Process Stability and Part Quality of Injection Moulded Post-Consumer Polyolefins","authors":"Pia Wagner,&nbsp;Jan Kleinsorge,&nbsp;Christian Hopmann","doi":"10.1155/adv/7570978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adv/7570978","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In recent years, the drive to adopt sustainable practices and develop eco-friendly processes and products has gained significant momentum in the global polymer industry. A key component of this shift is the increased use of recycled materials, which not only align with environmental goals, but also offer considerable economic advantages. Integrating post-consumer recyclates (PCRs) into manufacturing processes, particularly in injection moulding, holds great potential for reducing CO₂ emissions, decreasing reliance on virgin materials, mitigating waste and promoting a circular economy. Nevertheless, a switch to 100% recyclate has not yet been effective or economical in many areas of application, so mixtures of virgin and recyclate material represent a promising approach and must be analysed further. Therefore, this study examines the impact of different virgin/recyclate-mixture ratios on both injection moulding process stability and resulting part quality, focusing on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) blends. For this purpose, virgin/PCR mixtures are compounded, rheologically analysed using high-pressure capillary rheometry and processed via injection moulding. The process data are analysed, and the produced parts are mechanically and geometrically evaluated. The findings show that for PP, an increasing recyclate content results in a nearly linear improvement in tensile strength and modulus of elasticity without significantly affecting material viscosity, ensuring stable processing conditions. However, part warpage increases with higher recyclate content. In contrast, for HDPE, a higher recyclate content decreases the mixture viscosity, leading to decreased injection pressure and dosing torque during processing. Despite this, the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity improve, while part warpage decreases for HDPE. For both materials, though tensile strength and elasticity increase, higher recyclate contents negatively affect fracture behaviour, as evidenced by breakage patterns and strain at break. The study also demonstrates that the linear mixing rule can be applied to process parameters and part geometry characteristics for virgin/recyclate mixtures, facilitating the integration of recyclate content into product development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/adv/7570978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Polymer Laser Sintering and Fused Deposition Modelling of Polymers","authors":"Fredrick Mwania,&nbsp;Maina Maringa,&nbsp;Jacobus van der Walt","doi":"10.1155/adv/1937029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adv/1937029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Currently, the world is undergoing the fourth industrial revolution, also referred to as Industry 4.0, which is characterised by a set of new technological advances in the industrial and production sectors. Additive manufacturing (AM) is considered an essential factor in this new era because of its ability to process a wide spectra of materials, produce customised products, promote sustainability and develop intricate components which are unachievable using conventional manufacturing techniques. The field of AM is rapidly evolving and has seen unprecedented uptake in many industries. Different types of AM technologies have been developed over the last three decades to process different materials, such as polymers, composites, metals, ceramics and alloys. Both industry and academia have made a considerable effort to investigate the use of AM technologies to print different types of polymers because of the possibility to reach new markets. This comprehensive review focuses on polymer laser sintering (PLS) and fused deposition modelling (FDM), which are the most commonly employed AM methods for polymers. This review outlines the processes, process parameters, available commercial polymeric materials, benefits, challenges, and applications of the two technologies. PLS and FDM are multifactorial processes that produce final components whose quality is subject to the process parameters. This review, therefore, delves into the different process parameters for the two technologies and their impacts. The article also lists the available commercial polymeric materials, for each of the methods, to assist researchers and industries to select most suitable materials based on their processability and characteristics. A detailed discussion of applications of the two technologies is outlined in this review. The study provides a comprehensive detail of the benefits and challenges of PLS and FDM. Last, the study also outlines the future works for the two techniques.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/adv/1937029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Additive Manufacturing for Fabricating Energy Storage Components From Graphene-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites","authors":"Raja Subramani,&nbsp;Simon Yishak","doi":"10.1155/adv/6464049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adv/6464049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The quest for efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions has prompted exploration into advanced materials that meet stringent mechanical and thermal requirements. This study investigates graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polymers specifically polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and polylactic acid (PLA) fabricated through additive manufacturing techniques. Traditional materials often suffer from limitations in structural integrity, flexibility, and thermal stability, presenting challenges for their application in energy storage. This research aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of these graphene-reinforced polymers to assess their suitability for energy storage components. Using additive manufacturing, test samples were fabricated, and mechanical testing was conducted to evaluate tensile, flexural, and compression strengths. The results indicate that graphene-reinforced PEEK (G-PEEK) exhibits superior mechanical performance, with an ultimate tensile strength of 120 MPa, Young’s modulus of 1700 MPa, ultimate flexural strength of 160 MPa, and ultimate compression strength of 200 MPa, making it an ideal candidate for applications requiring high structural integrity. Graphene-reinforced PETG (G-PETG) offers a balance of strength and flexibility, with an ultimate tensile strength of 55 MPa, while graphene-reinforced PLA (G-PLA) serves as a cost-effective option, despite lower mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength of 45 MPa).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/adv/6464049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration of Cosmetic Components Into Polyolefins","authors":"Laetitia Bolte,&nbsp;Heiner Gers-Barlag,&nbsp;Guido Heinsohn,&nbsp;Rolf Daniels","doi":"10.1155/adv/2680899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adv/2680899","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Polyolefins such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP) are among the most widely used packaging materials in the cosmetic industry. Since these materials are in direct contact with cosmetic products, various components of the products are adsorbed to the packaging material’s surface and migrate within the amorphous regions of the polyolefin. This migration process, which occurs in both virgin and post-consumer recyclate (PCR) materials, can lead to deformation of the packaging. In this study, different types of virgin and PCR pellets were examined to investigate their interaction with cosmetic products and to understand the factors influencing the migration process. The migration of cosmetic oils was observed in all pellet samples, depending on the composition of the product and environmental conditions. The process was characterized by the weight gain of the plastic pellets and further identified through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements were performed to analyze the polymer structure. Components with lower molecular weight (MW), high nonpolarity, and elevated temperatures were found to accelerate the migration process. Moreover, migration occurred more slowly from oil-in-water emulsions with larger droplet sizes compared to water-in-oil systems with smaller droplets. Among the different polyolefins, PP demonstrated a higher uptake of migrating components but at a slower migration rate compared to HDPE and LDPE. When comparing virgin and recycled polyolefins, it was observed that migration was consistently slower in virgin materials than in recycled ones. The ability of oils to migrate is influenced by the molecular structure of the polymers: high density, crystallinity, and low levels of branching reduce both the migration speed (MS) and the maximum saturation, as seen in virgin HDPE. In contrast, materials like LDPE, with a less dense polymer structure, exhibited higher MSs and saturation limits. As a control, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was used, and it showed no migration due to the polymer’s high density.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/adv/2680899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Process Parameters and Material Selection on the Quality of 3D Printed Products by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM): A Review","authors":"Sivasubramanian Palanisamy,&nbsp;Ganesan Karuppiah,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar,&nbsp;Shanmugam Dharmalingam,&nbsp;Suhail Mubarak,&nbsp;Carlo Santulli,&nbsp;Nadir Ayrilmis,&nbsp;Srikanth Karumuri","doi":"10.1155/adv/3480281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/adv/3480281","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This work presents an investigation on the quality of parts manufactured using fused deposition modeling (FDM), which is influenced by a large number of different elements. Some of which are based on the materials used in the production of the part, though others are rather pertinent to the process parameters. The manufacturing process and filament formulation has also a significant impact on the cost of the final product, as well as its physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. As the result, judicious combination of parameters can effectively act toward fine-tuning FDM toward three-dimensional printing (3DP) of pieces with quality fit-for-application. In this sense, the use of design of experiments (DOEs) is often needed for the purpose. Printing process parameters, including layer height, wall thickness, temperature, printing velocity, and tool path, have been discussed, in the understanding that 3DP time increases with decreasing layer thickness, and in turn increases production time and overall cost. A specific account is given on recent developments increasingly and more thoroughly focused on recognizing the impact of the process parameters and raw materials on the final product.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/adv/3480281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Optimizing Mechanical Performance of 3D-Printed Polymer Composites: A Microstructural and Processing Enhancements Review","authors":"Sivakumar Jaganathan,&nbsp;Raju Kandasamy,&nbsp;Ravikumar Venkatachalam,&nbsp;Muthu Gunalan,&nbsp;Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy","doi":"10.1155/2024/3168252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3168252","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This review investigates the recent advancements aimed at optimizing the mechanical performance of three-dimensional (3D)-printed polymer matrix composites (PMCs), motivated by the need to overcome the inherent limitations of additive manufacturing (AM) in achieving desired mechanical properties. The study focuses on two primary areas: (1) microstructural refinements through strategic control of parameters such as reinforcement type, size, orientation, and interfacial properties and (2) processing enhancements involving the modification of build parameters, material formulations, and posttreatments. The review systematically analyzes the interdependencies between microstructure-property relationships and processing-performance characteristics. Key findings include an improvement of up to 50% in strength and toughness through optimized microstructure and printing techniques, which are compared with results from other studies that reported a maximum of 30%–40% improvement under similar conditions. The review also highlights the successful application of these approaches in various case studies, demonstrating their potential to substantially enhance the dimensional control and functional properties of 3D-printed PMCs, making them suitable for diverse applications ranging from aerospace components to flexible sensors. Despite these advancements, challenges such as performance consistency, part quality, and scalability remain, emphasizing the need for continued research to fully exploit the potential of 3D-printed PMCs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/3168252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Study and Formulation Optimization of Rapid-Curing Local Insulating Spray Coating Materials","authors":"Chengzhi Wang,&nbsp;Long Yang,&nbsp;Xiao Ning,&nbsp;Junchao Xiao,&nbsp;Li Tang,&nbsp;Xueping Xie,&nbsp;Qi Lu","doi":"10.1155/2024/2230714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2230714","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>With the increasing incidence of bird damage affecting the reliability of transmission lines, addressing bird pest control has become an important task for the operation and maintenance of transmission lines. A viable solution involves the application of spray-coated polyurea elastomer composite materials to insulate exposed conductive points and weakly insulated connection parts of transmission line towers. To improve the comprehensive performance of polyurea elastomers, in this study, a polyurea curing system was modified by incorporating aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), silicon dioxide (SiO₂), and (boron nitride) BN nanoparticles. An orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the influence of different fillers on the comprehensive performance of polyurea elastomers. These nanoparticles partially filled the defects inherent in the polyurea and BN microparticles, improving the alternating current (AC) breakdown strength of these elastomers. Compared with filler-free polyurea elastomers, optimal performance of the polyurea elastomers was achieved when using 5 wt% Al₂O₃, 0.4 wt% SiO₂, and 5 wt% BN, resulting in a 15.75% increase in the AC breakdown strength and a 10.00% enhancement in the thermal conductivity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7372,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Polymer Technology","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/2230714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}