Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Repeated Use of Different Types of Scan Bodies on Transfer Accuracy of Implant Position.","authors":"Ali Mahmoud Hashemi, Mahya Hasanzadeh, Leila Payaminia, Marzieh Alikhasi","doi":"10.30476/dentjods.2022.96149.1922","DOIUrl":"10.30476/dentjods.2022.96149.1922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of the problem: </strong>Some components of implant treatment are reusable. Therefore, possible changes during fixation, removal, and sterilization process should be tested. Many studies have examined the reuse of implant parts, but the impact of repeated use of scan bodies on the accuracy of implant position has not been well investigated.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this <i>in vitro</i> study was to compare the effect of repeated use of two different types of scan bodies on the accuracy of implant position.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>In this <i>in vitro</i> experimental study, two acrylic resin maxillary models, each with two implant analogues inserted at the site of missing first and second molars were used. Two types of scan bodies including titanium and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were used for digital impression. Then they were ten times removed and autoclaved for sterilization. The first scan was considered as a reference to be compared with the other next nine scans. Values of linear distance between two scan bodies, diameter changes of each scan body, and three-dimensional linear displacement (ΔR) were measured. These values were compared between the two types of scan bodies using <i>t</i>-test (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was significant difference between titanium and PEEK scan bodies regarding inter-implant distance variation (<i>p</i>=.006) and diameter change (<i>p</i>< .001) in repeated use. However, for the ΔR, there was no significant difference between them (<i>p</i>= 0.759).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrated that type of scan body could affect the accuracy of implant position transfer after repeated use. PEEK scan body performed better after 9 cycles of reuse in comparison with titanium scan body.</p>","PeriodicalId":73702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)","volume":"24 4","pages":"410-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Mandible with Unknown Primary Origin (CUP Syndrome): a Rare Case Report.","authors":"Saede Atarbashi-Moghadam, Mohammad Jafarian, Shaghayegh Dowdani","doi":"10.30476/dentjods.2023.97749.2034","DOIUrl":"10.30476/dentjods.2023.97749.2034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastatic lesions of the jaws are a diagnostic challenge because of their scarcity and uncharacteristic clinical-radiographic features. Carcinoma of unknown primary origin (CUP) is characterized by the existence of metastatic disease with no recognized primary neoplasm after a comprehensive work-up. CUP shows a poor prognosis with limited treatment choices. This paper presents a 64-year-old male with a chief complaint of paresthesia of the chin and lower lip. Panoramic radiography showed an ill-defined radiolucency in the left mandibular molar area and the residue of the first molar root. Microscopic examination demonstrated features of mucin-producing adenocarcinoma and was not similar to common neoplasms of the jaw. The whole-body scan revealed multiple osseous uptakes. CDX2 was diffusely positive. However, in the end, the origin of the primary tumor was not determined. Considering the aforementioned data, the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma with unknown primary origin was made. CUP of the oral cavity is an extremely rare event. The possibility of metastasis should be raised in a patient who complains of paresthesia. Awareness of the clinical and histopathologic features of these malignancies is crucial for clinicians and pathologists to have a proper diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)","volume":"24 4","pages":"444-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification of <i>Candida albicans</i> in Endodontic Retreatment Cases by SYBR Green I Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction and its Association with Endodontic Symptoms.","authors":"Ahmad Nouroloyouni, Negar Moghaddam, Sarah Nuroloyuni, Amin Salem Milani, Hamid Reza Yavari, Ali Reza Majidi","doi":"10.30476/dentjods.2023.91706.1786","DOIUrl":"10.30476/dentjods.2023.91706.1786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of the problem: </strong>Recent microbiological studies have expressed ever-increasing concerns about <i>Candida albicans</i> as a causal factor in the failure of endodontic treatments. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), including the SYBR Green I system, is a technique in which a fluorescent dye is incorporated into the double-stranded DNA that is produced during DNA polymerase activity.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine the relative prevalence of <i>Candida albicans</i> in root canals of retreatment cases and its association with endodontic symptoms.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>In the present cross-sectional/analytical study fifty subjects were selected. Clinical features and radiographic status of the teeth were also evaluated. After access cavity preparation, the retrieved material and dentinal chips removed from the root canal were transferred into 1.5-mL microtubes, followed by storage at -20ºC until used for DNA extraction. A DNeasy Tissue Kit was used to extract DNA using the DNeasy protocol for animal tissues. Master Plus SYBR Green I (Jena Bioscience, Germany) was used in a Rotor-gene Real-time PCR System for real-time PCR. The relationship between the presence of <i>Candida albicans</i> and the clinical and radiographic features were analyzed using McNemar's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant relationship between the radiographic findings in endodontically treated teeth and the presence of <i>Candida albicans</i>. However, there was no significant relationship between the presence of <i>Candida albicans</i> and any of the clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In spite of the limitations of this study, we concluded that <i>Candida albicans</i> was associated with root canal infections in endodontic retreatment cases, but there was no relationship between root canal infections and the clinical symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":73702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)","volume":"24 4","pages":"429-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Dentinal Defects Formation in Straight, Moderate and Severely Curved Canals by Three Distinctive Nickel Titanium Instruments: An <i>in vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Azin Alasvand Javadi,&nbsp;Mansour Jafarzadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Yazdizadeh,&nbsp;Neda Askari Hasanvand,&nbsp;Shadi Nikoo Nejad,&nbsp;Ali Amiri","doi":"10.30476/dentjods.2022.94475.1787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/dentjods.2022.94475.1787","url":null,"abstract":"Statement of the Problem: It is stated that engine-driven instruments might cause dentinal defects during root canal preparation. These defects might spread and progress into greater fractures or vertical root fracture. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the incidence of dentinal defects that might arise all through preparation of root canals, using One Shape, RaCe, and WaveOne systems in canals with a curvature (0-20°) and (20-40°). Materials and Method: In this in vitro study, 150 mandibular first molars were enrolled. Based on the degree of curvature in the mesial roots, the samples were divided into two groups (n=75) of straight and moderately curved canals (0-20º), and severely curved canals (20-40°). Then each group was randomly divided into four sub-groups. In subgroups 1 to 3 from each group, canals were prepared using WaveOne, One Shape, and RaCe. Then all roots were sectioned at 3, 6 and 9-mm distances from the apex. The slices were evaluated using stereomicroscope at 12× magnification. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests and the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Fracture and other defects were not found in the control groups. In canals with curvature (0-20°), WaveOne caused the maximum dentinal defects and RaCe produced the least. Moreover, in canals with curvature (20-40°), One Shape caused the maximum dentinal defects while WaveOne and RaCe caused equal dentinal defects approximately. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant relationship between the performance of RaCe and One Shape in canals with curvature (0-20º) and (20-40º), (pValue< 0.05) while no statistically significant difference was observed in connection to the performance of WaveOne (p> 0.05).","PeriodicalId":73702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)","volume":"24 3","pages":"312-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41177648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical Localization of Endothelin- 1 and Endothelin A Receptor in Human Primary Tooth Enamel Organ.","authors":"Soussan Irani,&nbsp;Shohreh Alimohammadi,&nbsp;Tahmine Najafian","doi":"10.30476/dentjods.2022.95201.1845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/dentjods.2022.95201.1845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of the problem: </strong>Enamel organ (EO) is an ectodermal derived structure, which is involved in the different aspects of tooth development. Tooth development shares the same regulatory molecules and genes expressed in other developing organs. Endothelin- 1 (ET-1) and Endothelin A receptor (ETAR), (ET-1/ETAR) axis, are involved in differentiation of embryonic stem cells and organ development.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate the ET-1 and ETAR expression profiles during the development of human primary tooth EO with the relatively large sample size.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>In this experimental study, 33 human fetuses aged from 13 to 23 weeks (3 samples from each fetal age) were collected. The samples were divided into three age groups (<16 weeks, <19 weeks, ≥19 weeks) and cut for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. A two-way ANOVA test was conducted to examine the expression levels of ET-1 and ETAR in different layers of human primary tooth EO. The statistical significance was assumed at p ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were statistically significant differences between the expression levels of ET-1/ETAR axis in the four-layered human primary tooth EO in different fetal ages (13-23 weeks). Besides, there were significant differences between the expression levels of ET-1/ETAR axis in all layers of human primary enamel organ and types of teeth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the profile of expression of ET-1/ETAR axis, it can be concluded that this axis contributes to the differentiation of all human primary EO layers and secretion of enamel. ET-1/ETAR axis is one of the signaling molecules, which may have crucial roles in tooth development.</p>","PeriodicalId":73702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)","volume":"24 3","pages":"328-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41107695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Different Image Processing Techniques on the Measurement Accuracy of Endodontics File Length.","authors":"Sima Nikneshan,&nbsp;Rabieh Boroumand,&nbsp;Nasim Esmaeeli,&nbsp;Ali Azadikhah,&nbsp;Maryam Paknahad","doi":"10.30476/dentjods.2022.95708.1885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/dentjods.2022.95708.1885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of the problem: </strong>Different software capabilities have been used in digital systems to increase the diagnostic quality of radiographic projections. Considering the availability of different enhancement techniques, it is necessary to determine the suitability of each technique for various diagnostic cases. There is controversy between studies over the effect of different digital enhancement techniques on the accuracy of file length measurements in endodontics.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present <i>in vitro</i> study aimed to determine the effect of the software capabilities on the diagnostic accuracy to determine endodontic file lengths in photostimulable phosphor (PSP) radiographs.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>In the present <i>in vitro</i> study, standard access cavities were prepared in 44 extracted human single-rooted permanent teeth. An endodontic file was placed in each root canal. PSP sensors were used for digital imaging using the parallel technique. All the images were reviewed on a same monitor; once normally with no software enhancement and once using software manipulations including pseudo-color, sharpness, emboss, and edge enhancement. The distance from the file tip to the rubber stop was measured on the images by an electronic ruler.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly, all of the image enhancement techniques presented shorter measurements comparing to the actual length. The results revealed the significant accuracy of the measured error in the pseudo-color enhancement technique compared to other techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results revealed significant differences between the initial measurements (the gold standard) and those made on the manipulated radiographs. In all cases, the measurements were significantly lower than the real values. Therefore, none of these digital enhancement techniques can increase the accuracy of file length measurements significantly. However, manipulation with the pseudo-color option resulted in fewer errors compared to other options and the normal images. Hence, for precise measurements of the endodontic file lengths, pseudo-color processing algorithm can be suggested when using PSP sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)","volume":"24 3","pages":"335-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleft Palate Repair with Orbicularis Oris Plus Buccal Mucosal Flap: A New Double Layered-Technique.","authors":"Nihat Akbulut,&nbsp;Ahmet Altan,&nbsp;Esengul Sen","doi":"10.30476/dentjods.2022.94504.1795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/dentjods.2022.94504.1795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recurrent oronasal fistula closure is a challenging phenomenon that has been managed with many surgical or flap techniques, such as local, regional, and distant flaps, with various modifications. Despite these options, the ideal method to repair this kind of chronic fistula has not yet been established. It is difficult to repair because recurrent surgical repairs or interventions cause this region to become more fibrotic with less vascular tissue, which considerably reduces the likelihood of closing this kind of fistula. For this reason, surgeons and researchers continue to work to overcome these obstacles by using more regional, vascular, and neighboring tissue. Classic cleft palate repair techniques use double-layered, nasal, and oral side closure and even a three-layered technique (e.g. plus levator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini muscular repair) in the soft palate region. Hence, we used partial orbicularis oris muscle with enough vascular supply to repair the nasal side and cheek mucosal flap to repair the oral side as a double-layered repair technique. Two years later, during routine patient follow-up, no complications were identified, and the patient's satisfaction with this treatment was acceptable.</p>","PeriodicalId":73702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)","volume":"24 3","pages":"348-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41180666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Yin and Yang of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Use for Oral and Periodontal Health: A Literature Review.","authors":"Hamoun Sabri,&nbsp;Mohammad Moein Derakhshan Barjoei,&nbsp;Ali Azarm,&nbsp;Negar Sadighnia,&nbsp;Reza Shakiba,&nbsp;Ghazal Aghebati,&nbsp;Negin Hadilou,&nbsp;Parisa Kheiri,&nbsp;Fariba Ghanbari,&nbsp;Niloofar Deravi,&nbsp;Melika Mokhtari","doi":"10.30476/dentjods.2022.95108.1836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/dentjods.2022.95108.1836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant, which has a wide range of usage in the health sector and in dental pharmaceutical products, especially in toothpastes. The objective of this review was to investigate the effects of SLS containing dentifrices on oral and periodontal health, possible side effects, and its benefits. A thorough literature search was done using databases of PubMed and Google Scholar and finally, 40 articles were included in the study. This narrative review revealed the sources of discrepancy and conflicting results regarding the impact of SLS on oral cavity as well as a lack of sufficient evidence in most topics. Hence, the evidence suggests improved drug bioavailability when used as a solubilizer, improved plaque control, and reduction in bad breath. On the other hand, SLS can serve as a risk indicator of prolonged oral wound healing time, recurrent aphthous stomatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)","volume":"24 3","pages":"262-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41179706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of Tongue: A Rare Presentation.","authors":"Durga Bai Yendluri,&nbsp;Chandrika Chinta,&nbsp;Chiranjeevi Vedula","doi":"10.30476/dentjods.2023.96208.1927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/dentjods.2023.96208.1927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemangioendothelioma is a diverse set of proliferative and neoplastic vascular lesions with biological characteristics that fall halfway between benign hemangioma and malignant angiosarcoma. Hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity is extremely rare and if present, it is seen on lips, gingiva, tongue, maxilla, and mandible. The following case report is about a lesion on the right ventrolateral border of the tongue of a six-year-old female patient. A Laser excision was done. Histopathology revealed the features of hemangioendothelioma. An immunohistochemical (IHC) study was done to correlate the findings with a histopathological picture and arrived at the final diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE). The patient was followed up for two years and no recurrence was noticed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)","volume":"24 3","pages":"352-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41164964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion Release from Stainless Steel Brackets Subjected to Tooth Bleaching Treatment.","authors":"Ahmadreza Sardarian,&nbsp;Fatemeh Abbasi,&nbsp;Maryam Pakniyat Jahromi","doi":"10.30476/dentjods.2022.95210.1854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/dentjods.2022.95210.1854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of the problem: </strong>Tooth discoloration in the form of staining is a common finding during conventional orthodontic treatment. Due to elevated esthetic standards, clinicians in the field of orthodontics are faced with increasing demands by patients to perform bleaching treatments while the appliances are still in place. Though the success of such treatments has been reported in literature, the effect of whitening agents on orthodontic appliances has not been evaluated. Increased ion release following corrosion of orthodontic brackets is considered a health hazard.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this study, we measured the amount of ion release from steel brackets under home and office bleaching treatment in order to evaluate the safety of such treatments during orthodontic therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>In this experimental study, a total of 120 brackets were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was subjected to an office bleaching regimen (hydrogen peroxide 40%). The second group was subjected to a home bleaching treatment (carbamide peroxide 20%). The third group did not receive any bleaching treatment. The specimens of all groups were immersed in artificial saliva and after 30 days, the amount of released chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, and nickel ions was measured and compared using one way ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that ion release was significantly different between the three groups (<i>p</i>Value >0.05). For the chromium, iron, magnesium, and Nickel ion release the order was as follows: no bleaching < home bleaching < office bleaching. However, the copper ion release was greater in the group that received home bleaching.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ion release was enhanced when bleaching treatments were performed, with office bleaching having a more significant effect. Although the amounts of released ions were less than those permitted by WHO, we suggest that the clinicians recommend home bleaching for orthodontic patients that are seeking tooth whitening treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)","volume":"24 3","pages":"342-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}