Journal of community medicine & health education最新文献

{"title":"Genograms in Nursing Education and Practice a Sensitive but Very Effective Technique: A Systematic Review","authors":"K. Piasecka, B. Ślusarska, B. Drop","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000640","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A genogram resembles a genealogical tree, but it differs in that it takes into account family structure, ties and relationships, and also health and social problems in a family. The study presents the history of genograms and a general overview of symbols used for constructing them. Genograms have been used in nursing education and practice, mainly by family nurses, since 1980s. The study also discusses the rules of constructing a genogram, its advantages and possible weak points. Objective: To present genograms as a valuable tool used for nursing instruction to be applied in working with families. Material and Methods: A systematic review, analysis and summary of information found in the available literature with the authors' suggestions for supplementation. In May 2018 database searches were performed using the key word \"genogram\", including the PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and Scopus databases. Results and Conclusions: Including the use of genograms in nursing education makes nurses' activities in the area of disease prevention and health promotion based on this tool the primary and least expensive form of healthcare. Genograms can be used as a research tool for all patients. It has a high research potential, facilitating nursing diagnosis and the choice of the optimum care procedure. However, software should be developed and disseminated to facilitate the creation and management of genograms.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70519120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning of Sex for Pediatricians in Puerto Rico: A Misclassification Bias that Might Lead to Health Disparities if not Address","authors":"Soto de Laurido Le, G. LugoMartnez, Z. Olivieri, M. Gonzlez","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000582","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the meaning of the word ‘SEX’ has implications in the effort of eliminating health disparities in health services, and in clinical and translational research. Different studies showed that little is known about how people of varying ages define sex and how this perception can impact the health services that they can bring to their patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Puerto Rico in a group of physician as Pediatricians to answer the research question, what beliefs about sex do pediatricians have? Assess attitudes about which sexual behaviours constitute having ‘had sex’ and to examine possible mediating factors (gender, age, giving/receiving stimulation, male ejaculation, female orgasm, condom use or brevity) as defined in a questionnaire used in the Kinsey Institute and translated to Spanish in Puerto Rico for a better understanding. With this study we wanted to provide a glimpse to the conceptions about 'SEX' that healthcare workers have because this will shape the questions and services offered to adolescents. A misclassification bias occurs. Persons are either incorrectly classified as having sex or incorrectly classified as not having sex. In term of females and males by age the YES answer was given to all the 14 questions in the survey. Two of the questions, Q5 Penile-vaginal intercourse Spanish- Tuvo una relacion sexual pene-vagina and Q9 Penile-vaginal intercourse with a condom? Spanish-Tuvo una relacion sexual pene-vagina con condon were answered by 100% of participants as YES (having Sex). Questions #1 and #2 were the ones with the lowest response rate among males at 64.3% of all male participants. Appear to have significant difference by gender among participants pediatricians in terms of the perception of the meaning of sex among all the questions (14). In general term among all the questions when taken as a whole there is A P=0.037 with 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference of 00340-010532. There appears to be a slight statistical difference by gender among pediatricians in terms of the perception of the meaning of sex among all the questions. The perception of pediatricians by gender is different, that is, men and women don´t think the same in general terms about the meaning of sex. Generally, there was no real consensus on which behaviors qualify as sex.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000582","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70516617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Quality of Life in African Americans with Lupus (UQAN) in South Carolina","authors":"E. Williams, T. Singleton, C. Vrana","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000620","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The reported qualitative study was designed to assess the reach of evidence based prevention programs (EBPP’s) in African Americans with lupus in South Carolina. While these programs can provide significant benefit to patients in the form of education and improved self-efficacy, they may be underutilized. Methods: Interviews were used to elicit information about the most important individual, interpersonal, and community level factors that determine acceptability and utilization of health promoting programs among African Americans with lupus in South Carolina, and responses were analyzed for themes. Transcripts from interviews were transcribed and analyzed using manual coding in the QSR NVivo 10 software program. Results: Study findings reflect factors that influence the decisions of an African American woman with lupus in South Carolina to participate in EBPP’s or not, under three general themes: 1) Perceptions of stress; 2) Activities to reduce stress; and 3) Cost as a barrier. Conclusion: Participants’ experiences of pain may play a larger role in patient decisions to engage in EBPP’s or not, than other characteristics of the target population, and may need to be a major component of outreach messages. These strategies can be employed to increase African American women’s participation in these programs in order to help them achieve desired health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70518463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance in the Peer Approaches to Lupus Self-Management (PALS) Study: Program Evaluation and Comparison to Existing Support Modalities for Patients with Rheumatic Conditions","authors":"Trevor D. Faith, J. Rose, R. Horton, E. Williams","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000616","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Peer Approaches to Lupus Self-Management (PALS) was a peer support program tailored to the population most affect by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); African American women. Methods: Compliance in the PALS study was measured as weekly phone call sessions completed by each mentoring pair. Additional compliance data were collected from other interventions providing peer support and education with the purpose of improving quality of life and/or disease activity. Compliance data were compared to determine factors associated with higher levels of compliance in this disease population. Results: PALS proved to be a highly acceptable intervention with regard to the counseling, support, and education extended to lupus patients. Compliance data from the program showed that it was highly accessible with 100% of users in the study period completing all of the weekly mentoring sessions. Compared to other interventions, which reported compliance rates ranging from <50-82%, patients in the PALS program were much more compliant to protocols and schedules. PALS compliance was most similar to that of the LupusLine® peer support telephone program, which achieved 97% compliance. Conclusions: Despite limitations, results indicate patient satisfaction, positive impact, and increased compliance with the approach of the PALS study. Other programs in similar populations struggle with compliance, whereas PALS and LupusLine® users were highly compliant. A factor common to both programs was the use of trained peers to deliver support via telephone calls, possibly indicating that this delivery method may be particularly effective for promoting compliance in this population.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70517764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Infertility as a Barrier to Cervical Cancer Screening in Rural Botswana: A Qualitative Study","authors":"R. Upton","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000634","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cervical cancer screening in Botswana and in particular the use of visual screening in rural areas has been on the rise in the past several years. Despite increased awareness and the introduction of less invasive methods of screening, qualitative data indicate that socio-cultural factors such as infertility related stigma, and beliefs about impaired fecundity affect overall efficacy of screening campaigns. Objective: This study sought to explore barriers to the utilization of cervical cancer screening in rural communities in northern Botswana. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted in this qualitative research study. All interviews were transcribed and coded both manually as well as with the use of MAXQDA software to elicit themes. Results: The respondents all had high awareness of the current visual screening with acetic acid (VIA) and the Pap smear tests but reported non-utilization of these tests when available due to concerns over potential fertility impairment. While awareness of cervical cancer was high, a relatively high lack of understanding and education about cervical cancer and its relation (or not) to fertility outcomes was reported. The major factors identified by women in this qualitative study included lack of desire to screen prior to childbearing, beliefs and fears about inevitability of cervical cancer and lack of treatment options, financial burdens, lack of familial support, geographic burdens and stigma/emotional barriers to results of screening. Conclusion: This study provides new data on the myriad reasons for women’s lack of participation in cervical cancer screening programs. These data suggest potential cultural barriers and fears of fertility related stigma that may impact the efficacy of ongoing cancer prevention strategies. Interventions that take social and gendered beliefs about fertility into account are needed to better implement future strategies for success.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70518668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye Heroes: A Model of Raising Awareness about Eye Health by Training Children to Be Eye Health Champions","authors":"Y. shweikh, M. Rathee, Barber Ar, A. Dahlmann-Noor","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000639","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70519555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Womans health management aft er the age of 50","authors":"P. Abreu, Conceicao Mansop","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711-C7-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711-C7-049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70524640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-sectional Study to Find Out the Duration of Sleep and Associated Disorder among Practicing Advocates in Madurai District, Tamilnadu","authors":"L. Kannan, P. Praveena","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000600","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is a condition in which blood vessels have persistently raised blood pressure (ie) when systolic blood pressure is equal to or above 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure equal to or above 90 mmHg. Hypertension is a major global public health issue. The theme of world health day 2013 was the need to control raised blood pressure (hypertension) as a \"silent killer, global public health crisis\". The slogan for the campaign was \"Healthy Heart Beat, Healthy Blood Pressure”. Due to this disorder many advocate professionals are having sleep disorders hence this study was undertaken. Result: 116(38.67%) participants had less than 6 hours of night sleep and 184(61.33%) participants had equal to or more than 6 hours of night sleep. Among participants with night sleep less than 6 hours, a majority of 97(83.62%) were found to be hypertensive’s whereas only 26(14.13%) participants with night sleep equal to or more than 6 hours were hypertensive’s. The above difference of observation was found to be statistically significant (p=0.00). The odds ratio is 31.02, which indicates that individuals with less than 6 hour of sleep had 31 times greater odds of developing hypertension as compared to individuals who have night sleep more than 6 hours duration. Summary and conclusion: Practicing advocates have a significant amount of sleep disorder hence they have to an active role in life style modification to rectify their sleep disorder.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70517249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Primary Speech and Language Delay in Children Less than Seven Years of Age","authors":"Saeed Ht, B. Abdulaziz, AL-Daboon Sj","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000608","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Normal language ability is a complex function that widely distrusted across the brain through interconnected neural network, respiratory system and auditory system. Speech and language is tool for sharing and exchanging information, thought, idea, feeling and so on. Speech means the sounds that come out of a person's mouth, delay means defect in (voice, articulation and fluency). Language disorder when a person has trouble in understanding (receptive language) or sharing thought, idea, feeling (expressive language). Objective: To assess the frequency of primary speech-language delay in children less than seven years of age. To find risk factors of primary speech-language delay. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted from 1st May 2016 to thirty of January 2017. 353 children was studied, sample constitute children attending pediatric psychiatry clinic of Central teaching hospital of pediatric in Baghdad city, the study was carried out by interview with families of children, the children were assessed for hearing, motor, cognitive, speech and language according to Center control and prevention Developmental milestone. Results: In this study 353 children studied, 42 children were primary speech-language delay, the frequency of primary speech-language delay was 11.9%. Among the total of 353 children less than seven years old 265 (75.1%) male and 88 (24.9%) female. Association of primary speech-language delay with gender was significant (p-0.037), male was risk factor of delay. The association between primary speech-language delay and family history of delay was significant (p-0.0361). No significant association between primary speech-language delay and age of children (p-0.58) No significant association between primary speech-language delay and postnatal complication (p-0.931). No significant association between primary speech-language delay and TV (television) watching (p-0.58). Conclusion: Data from our study suggest that developmental primary speech-language delay common in children less than seven years of age. Male and family histories of speech language delay are risk factors. Analytic study need to explore the causal relationship between risk factors and delay.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70517855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"My Mother Understands My Feelings Before I Tell Her?Social Connectedness among Youth in North Shewa Oromia Region, Central Ethiopia","authors":"Handebo s, A. Nigusie, M. Sn, Y. Kebede","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70518642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}