Journal of community medicine & health education最新文献

{"title":"Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) Risk Attitude and Knowledge Level of Major Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases among 15-19 Years Eleventh and Twelfth-Grade Students of Lekhnath Municipality","authors":"N. Adhikari, Sapakota Kp, S. Adhikari","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000584","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) becoming a major public health problem in developing countries. Both developed and developing countries witnesses the increase in a number of lifestyle-related risk factors such as excessive smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption, a poor dietary habit among adult and adolescent. The social and economic burden of CVDS in developing countries is more intensifying compare to developed countries because of higher prevalence of these diseases among economically active or working age population.Objective: The aim of this study is to assess and identify the level of knowledge and cardiovascular disease risk attitude among 15-19 years age students of grade 11th and 12th in Lekhnath Municipality.Methodology: The institution base quantitative cross-sectional study was adopted where Proportionate multistage cluster sampling technique was used to recurit study respondents.Result: Only small percentages (11%) of the respondent have a good level of knowledge regarding CVD risk factors. On the other hand, approximately there a quarter of the respondents (71.9%) have a cardiovascular riskseeking attitude.Conclusion: Majority of adolescents in this study does not have sufficient knowledge about major cardiovascular diseases risk factors. Respondents’ cardiovascular risk adverse attitude was closely connected with knowledge of various cardiovascular risk factors. Thus it is necessary to increase adolescents’ knowledge about various risk factors to interruption the extensive social and economic impacts","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49546120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Acting and Permanent Contraceptive Use in Arada Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017","authors":"Teshome Gs, Woldeyohanis Fw, N. Deyessa","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70518175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Minority Youth and the Juvenile Justice System: A Poignant Need Group","authors":"R. Dembo, J. Faber, Jennifer Wareham, Julie M. Krupa, R. DiClemente, J. Schmeidler","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000625","url":null,"abstract":"Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questions (LGBTQ) youth are overrepresented in the U.S. juvenile justice system. These youth experience a variety of personal, social and systemic harms and difficulties that place them at greater risk of involvement in the juvenile justice system. Understanding the prevalence of risk factors experienced by LGBTQ youth can lead to improved intervention efforts. Using data from a Health Coach Service project implemented at a juvenile intake facility, n=1.619 newly arrested youth were included in the current study (8.3% self-identified as sexual minority). The current study sought to determine prevalence rates of minority sexual orientation, whether LBGTQ youth differed in regard to key demographic and risk factors, and whether these differences varied by gender. Findings revealed sexual minority, justice-involved adolescents suffered disproportionate juvenile justice placement, family problems, risky sexual behavior (including STD positivity), depression, and victimization. Gender differences among sexual minority youth were reported for family problems, sexual risk behavior, depression, sexual assault, bullying, and drug use severity. The results suggest a need to advocate for LGBTQ youth to ensure policies and procedures are sensitive to the rights of LGBTQ youth.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70518532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Optic Neuritis Treated with Intravenous Corticosteroid","authors":"H. Muhammad","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000631","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Optic neuritis is a term used to refer an inflammation of the optic nerve. Bilateral optic neuritis in adults has been considered rare particularly in individuals without known systemic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. Purpose: To describe cases of acute bilateral optic neuritis in adult treated with intravenous corticosteroid in M. Djamil Hospital, Padang, Indonesia. Method: We performed a retrospective study review of medical records from patients referred to neuro‐ ophthalmology clinic in M. Djamil Hospital with acute bilateral optic neuritis from January 2016 to April 2017. Exclusion criteria included previous multiple sclerosis or myelopathy, known systemic disorders or medications associated with optic neuropathy, uveitis, or neoplasm. Patients received intravenous methylprednisolone followed by tappering oral metilprednisolone. Visual acuity, visual fields, ophthalmoscopy finding, and neurological evaluation were recorded at baseline and at 1 month or 3 months. Result: Nine patients of 4 men and 5 women, with an age range of 21-45 years old, had bilateral decreased vision, 6 with pain on eye movement. All patients had normal neurological evaluations, with visual acuity ranging from finger counting to hand movement and variety of visual field pattern. Both optic nerves showed abnormal ophthalmoscopy finding. After corticosteroid therapy for average 2 weeks, all patients show improvement in visual acuity, visual field, and ophthalmoscopy finding. No patient developed a neurological problem during the follow up with a mean of 3 months. Conclusion: Idiopathic acute bilateral optic neuritis rarely occurs in adults. Corticosteroid therapy shows good visual outcome.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70518974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"In Favor of Myself for Athletes\": A Controlled Trial to Improve Disordered Eating, Body-Image and Self-Care in Adolescent Female Aesthetic Athletes","authors":"M. Mouallem, M. Golan","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000633","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: An eating disorder can have devastating effects on an athlete’s health and performance, especially in athletes participating in sports in which low body weight or leanness confers a competitive advantage. The current study aimed to develop and examine the impact of a prevention program focused on positive protective factors, to reduce the risk of development of eating disorders and health-compromising behaviors among aesthetic athletes. Methods: Participants were 49 female figure skaters and dancers aged 10-16 years (13.1 ± 1.6) and 46 age-andbranch-matched controls. The intervention program included ten weekly 45 min structured sessions, focusing on promoting self-care habits and positive body esteem. The program was team-based and included multiple interactive methods. Outcomes were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 months follow-up using the Eating Disorders Inventory-2, the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire-8, the Thin-Ideal Internalization and SocioCultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire-4, the Body Esteem Scale, and the Body Appreciation Scale. Results: Aesthetic athletes in the prevention program \"In Favor of Myself for Athletes\" demonstrated significant improvements in several outcome measures, many with a large effect size, compared with control athletes. Results revealed significant decreases in drive for thinness (P<0.001; ƞ2=0.170) and eating disorder symptoms (P<0.001; ƞ2=0.243), increased body esteem (P<0.001; ƞ2=0.213), decreased influences on body image by media (P<0.001; ƞ2=0.168), and more. The program had greater impact on athletes aged 10-12 years compared to 13-16-year-olds in terms of thin-ideal internalization (F(2.79, 160.00)= 3.267; p=0.027) and body esteem (F(2.52, 160.00)= 3.095; p=0.038). Conclusion: This study provides an initial indication that \"In Favor of Myself for Athletes\" may produce an effective impact on promoting a positive body image and self-care in female adolescent athletes.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70519042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Factors for Approval and Knowledge Gain of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the First Level of Care","authors":"Richardson Vl, Magallanes Cr, Hernández Dl, Martínez, Ixta Zl, Villalba Pr, Salinas Ca, D. Is, Mejia Arias Ma, Valladares Lm","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000638","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70519496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professional Risk Factors for Burnout among Medical Residents","authors":"D. F, C. J., Laraqui O, Manar N, Laraqui C, Gregoris M, D. M","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000596","url":null,"abstract":"Study background: We aimed to identify professional risk factors for burnout among residents in medicine and surgery. Materials and methods: Epidemiological, observational, and cross-sectional study among trainee physicians working in the Champagne-Ardenne region, from 31 March to 3 May 2015. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Variables recorded included the location of the residency, the type of unit (hospitalisation ward, emergency department, consultations), workload, and exposure to patients’ suffering. Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire was also administered. For each component of the MBI, univariate and binary logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors. Results: In total, 191 out of 644 eligible residents (29.7%) completed the survey. The majority were working in conditions likely to pose a risk to their health: 42.4% were exposed to job strain, and 19.9% had iso-strain. Overall, 62.8% of residents presented at least one component of burnout as assessed by the MBI. By multivariate analysis, risk factors for emotional exhaustion were high psychological demands (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.16; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05-1.29) and iso-strain (OR 3.25; 95% CI 1.29-8.22), while high psychological demands were also a risk factor for depersonalization (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.07-1.22). Working in a hospitalisation unit (OR 3.66; 95% CI 1.30-10.3) and not meeting patients’ families (OR 11.7; 95% CI 3.08-44.4) were risk factors for a feeling of low personal accomplishment, whereas increased decision latitude had a protective effect (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91-0.99). Conclusion: This study identifies occupational risk factors for burnout among residents in training, and provides a useful basis for preventive measures aimed at changing the organisational structure in the hospital setting with a view to improving mental health among trainee physicians.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70517291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Cough Caused By an Intra-Abdominal Bronchogenic Cyst: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"A. Chandoo, Ruisen Wu, Z. Peng, Liu Xin, Xie Wang-Kai, Huang Xieling, Huangjun He, J. Weiping, Huang Yingpeng, Xiangping Shen","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000611","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bronchogenic cyst is an extremely rare congenital abnormality that is incidentally found by imaging during health check-up. They can hardly occur in the abdomen with unspecific symptoms or change in laboratory values. Case presentation: Here in, we are going to report a case of a 33 years old male patient who was admitted in our department for an intra-abdominal mass. Pathological result of the resected mass was bronchogenic cyst. Conclusion: In most of the cases, bronchogenic cysts are misdiagnosed. The use of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration, computed tomography guided needle biopsy or intraoperative frozen section biopsy is helpful in confirming their diagnosis and to choose the most appropriate treatment.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70517985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in the Prevalence of Health Risk Factors among Justice- Involved Adolescents: The Intersectionality of Gender and Race/Ethnicity","authors":"R. Dembo, J. Faber, Jennifer Wareham, Julie M. Krupa, J. Schmeidler, J. Cristiano, Asha Terminello","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000629","url":null,"abstract":"Research suggests justice-involved adolescents demonstrate higher prevalence rates of mental health, substance use, risky sexual behaviors, and sexually transmitted diseases infection than adolescents in the general population. Yet few studies have examined heterogeneity of these public health problems in justice-involved youths across both gender and race/ethnicity. Using latent class analysis to explore variation in public health problems across gender-race/ethnicity groups, the present study found the sample of n=1,620 justice-involved youth were best described as falling into one of two classes: High Risk vs. Low Risk. The prevalence rates of post-arrest secure detention, depression, marijuana use, sexually transmitted diseases infection, and risky sexual behavior varied within the two latent classes and across the gender-race/ethnicity groups. Findings emphasize the need for holistic and gender-race/ethnicity-specific interventions for delinquent youth.","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70518728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandatory Daily Physical Activity Programs for Grade 10 to 12 Students in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"E. Landolfi","doi":"10.4172/2161-0711.1000632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000632","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This investigation examined 10th through 12th grade high school students’ physical activity behaviour patterns as they relate specifically to the Daily Physical Activity (DPA) requirements mandated by the British Columbia Ministry of Education in 2008. Methods: Compliance, as well as non-compliance, to the DPA program was measured through the use of a questionnaire-based survey of 86 10th to 12th grade students which focused not only on adherence to the guidelines, but also on: issues of non-compliance; how to positively influence physical activity; suggestions for improving the DPA program; support systems in place for those who might be struggling with meeting DPA requirements; and what happens (e.g., consequences to students' grades, etc.) when DPA requirements are not met. Results: Results of the study suggest that, for the most part, students are meeting the DPA requirement of 150 min per week. In addition, 89% of respondents believed that school-based programs were adequate. However 7% of survey participants suggested that schools should offer a wider variety of activities, and 3% suggested that home and community-based opportunities for DPA were less than sufficient. More than half of students confirm their parents do not support or encourage physical activity, and 25% of respondents stated that teachers do not urge them to exercise or participate in sports. In both cases, males were encouraged less, with 29% of parents and 71% of teachers promoting physical activity as opposed to 55% and 80% respectively. Lastly, approximately 80% of survey respondents noted the value of exercising with a friend. Conclusions: Although the quality of Physical Education is often under attack, schools are also capable of providing opportunities for increased physical activity in numerous settings outside of regularly scheduled gym class and they are the most logical environment for promoting physical activity. Consequently, the Daily Physical Activity program implemented in schools across British Columbia has the potential to drastically influence the health of students throughout the province. Although this study only provided a tiny snapshot of physical activity patterns, results indicate that, for the most part, students are meeting DPA requirements, and the program has been generally","PeriodicalId":73681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine & health education","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0711.1000632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70519024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}