“为运动员着想”:改善青少年女性审美运动员饮食失调、身体形象和自我照顾的对照试验

M. Mouallem, M. Golan
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引用次数: 3

摘要

目的:饮食失调会对运动员的健康和表现产生毁灭性的影响,特别是在参加低体重或瘦能带来竞争优势的运动的运动员中。目前的研究旨在发展和检验一项预防计划的影响,该计划侧重于积极的保护因素,以降低审美运动员患饮食失调和损害健康行为的风险。方法:49名年龄在10-16岁(13.1±1.6)的花样滑冰和舞蹈运动员和46名年龄和分支匹配的对照组。干预计划包括每周10次45分钟的结构化会议,重点是促进自我保健习惯和积极的身体自尊。该项目以团队为基础,包括多种互动方法。结果在基线、干预后和3个月的随访中测量,使用饮食失调量表-2、饮食失调检查问卷-8、瘦理想内化和社会文化对外表的态度问卷-4、身体自尊量表和身体欣赏量表。结果:与对照组运动员相比,美学运动员在预防项目“对运动员有利”中的几个结果测量显示出显着改善,其中许多具有较大的效应量。结果显示,瘦的驱动显著降低(P<0.001;ƞ2=0.170)和饮食失调症状(P<0.001;ƞ2=0.243),身体自尊增加(P<0.001;ƞ2=0.213),媒体对身体形象的影响降低(P<0.001;ƞ2=0.168)等等。该方案对10-12岁运动员瘦理想内化的影响大于13-16岁运动员(F(2.79, 160.00)= 3.267;p=0.027),身体自尊(F(2.52, 160.00)= 3.095;p = 0.038)。结论:本研究初步提示“运动员为我着想”对促进青少年女运动员积极的身体形象和自我照顾有有效的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
"In Favor of Myself for Athletes": A Controlled Trial to Improve Disordered Eating, Body-Image and Self-Care in Adolescent Female Aesthetic Athletes
Objective: An eating disorder can have devastating effects on an athlete’s health and performance, especially in athletes participating in sports in which low body weight or leanness confers a competitive advantage. The current study aimed to develop and examine the impact of a prevention program focused on positive protective factors, to reduce the risk of development of eating disorders and health-compromising behaviors among aesthetic athletes. Methods: Participants were 49 female figure skaters and dancers aged 10-16 years (13.1 ± 1.6) and 46 age-andbranch-matched controls. The intervention program included ten weekly 45 min structured sessions, focusing on promoting self-care habits and positive body esteem. The program was team-based and included multiple interactive methods. Outcomes were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 months follow-up using the Eating Disorders Inventory-2, the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire-8, the Thin-Ideal Internalization and SocioCultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire-4, the Body Esteem Scale, and the Body Appreciation Scale. Results: Aesthetic athletes in the prevention program "In Favor of Myself for Athletes" demonstrated significant improvements in several outcome measures, many with a large effect size, compared with control athletes. Results revealed significant decreases in drive for thinness (P<0.001; ƞ2=0.170) and eating disorder symptoms (P<0.001; ƞ2=0.243), increased body esteem (P<0.001; ƞ2=0.213), decreased influences on body image by media (P<0.001; ƞ2=0.168), and more. The program had greater impact on athletes aged 10-12 years compared to 13-16-year-olds in terms of thin-ideal internalization (F(2.79, 160.00)= 3.267; p=0.027) and body esteem (F(2.52, 160.00)= 3.095; p=0.038). Conclusion: This study provides an initial indication that "In Favor of Myself for Athletes" may produce an effective impact on promoting a positive body image and self-care in female adolescent athletes.
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