Journal of clinical & experimental immunology最新文献

{"title":"Immunoglobulin Isotypes, C3 – C4 Complement Components, Absolute Eosinophils\u0000and Allergen Specific IgE as Biomarkers Correlated to Preschool Wheeze Children","authors":"PROF. Abdulla, M. El-Mansoury, Syed Abdu-Rahman, Prof. N. G. MORGAN”, 7. Dean","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Wheeze chest is a common problem among preschool children, and represents a common disorder characterized by airways\u0000obstruction. Almost half of children manifest wheeze chest symptoms before the age of six. Their parents report at least one\u0000attack within this period. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, IgG, and IgE),\u0000complement, and the level of eosinophils with children’s wheeze chest. Moreover, the level of IgE with the numbers of the attacks\u0000per year, age, family history, and eosinophilic count.\u0000A total number of a randomized (n=73) preschool children were involved in this study, divided into 2 groups, (n=52) patients\u0000with recurrent wheezy chest attacks and (n=21) controls. Samples were analyzed for immunoglobulin isotypes; complement C3,\u0000C4, Eosinophils, and specific IgE allergen test.\u0000Number of attacks were strongly correlated with IgE with a P-value of (P=0.001), as well as the manifestation with a P-value\u0000of (P=0.002), while age was weakly correlated with IgE with a P-value of (P=0.005). The other variables in this study were\u0000found to be insignificant, correlating with IgE.\u0000Regarding specific allergens, 20 different types were evaluated in patients who had elevated levels of IgE, and the findings\u0000were that all patients were not only allergic to 1 type but unlikely to many. Most definitely the majority of the cases shared\u0000Dermatophagoides Peter (8 patients) and Dermatophagoidesf ariaeni (7 patients) allergens and so the list goes descending in\u0000the number with 2 allergens were not found, Cladosporium herbarum and Penicillium notatum.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77767095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Side Effect Driven Conversion to Belatacept for Kidney Transplant Recipients in a Clinical Setting","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance immunosuppression after kidney transplantation is critical to graft and patient survival. However, the optimal\u0000immunosuppressive medication may differ for patients based on adverse effects. Here we report one-year outcomes of 73 kidney\u0000transplant patients converted from tacrolimus to belatacept because of adverse effects at least 90 days after transplant.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84374918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antitumor Immunity as Determining Factor for Prevention of Post-Surgery Cancer Recurrence","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer surgery is the oldest modality in cancer management and remains an effective cancer treatment that excises visible\u0000tumor and can result in long-lasting clinical cure. Yet the mechanism for the ability of surgery to cure cancer is not understood.\u0000The conventional thinking is that surgery effectively excises all tumor before it spreads and that results in cure. However, with\u0000more recent studies to detect circulating tumor cells that can still persist after tumor excision, it is now increasingly clear that\u0000early tumor spread before clinical detection is a common process of cancer development. Then the important paradoxical\u0000question is how does a local therapy such as surgical excision cure a systemic disease like cancer? We hypothesize that the\u0000interaction between tumor metastasis and antitumor immunity answers this question. The model, which we call “post-surgery\u0000tumor recurrence window model”, suggests that establishment of cancer metastases has an L –shaped kinetics following removal\u0000of the primary tumor. Similarly, pre-surgery concomitant antitumor immunity will also decay following surgery due to lack of\u0000antigen stimulation. Whether a new metastasis can establish is determined by the balance between these two processes. Here\u0000we present animal study evidence to support this model. We also present examples of how this model may be applied to predict\u0000post-surgery prognosis in individual cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74204675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can cinnamon spice down autoimmune diseases?","authors":"Swarupa Pahan,&nbsp;Kalipada Pahan","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.06.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.06.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune diseases are one of the dreadful group of human diseases that have always been of keen interest to researchers. Due to complex and broad-spectrum nature, scientists are not yet able to pinpoint the pathogenesis of and delineate effective therapy against this group of diseases. However, it is becoming clear that a decrease in number and function of T regulatory cells (Treg), an increase in autoreactive Th1/Th17 cells and associated immunomodulation and inflammation participate in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. Cinnamon (<i>Cinnamonum verum</i> or <i>Cinnamonum cassia</i>) is a widely used natural spice and flavoring ingredient and its metabolite sodium benzoate (NaB) is a food-additive and FDA-approved drug against nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) and urea cycle disorders (UCD). Recent studies indicate that cinnamon either in powder or extract form and NaB are capable of modulating different autoimmune pathways as well as protecting animals from different autoimmune disorders. Here, we have made an honest attempt to delineate such pieces of evidence with available anti-autoimmune mechanisms and analyze whether cinnamon supplements could be used to control the fury of autoimmune disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7720887/pdf/nihms-1649509.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38352656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Link between Early Life Allergen Exposure and Neuroimmune Development in Children.","authors":"Nataliya M Kushnir-Sukhov","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As COVID-19 unprecedented situation significantly increased the time families spend indoors, the awareness of unhealthy living conditions negatively impacting immune system and early neurodevelopment of children is of crucial importance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed unrelated cases of the children with confirmed multiple indoor allergen sensitization due to prolonged exposure to unhealthy indoor environment with infestation and water damage, who, in addition to multiple health problems related to allergy and asthma, also developed neuroimmune complications and growth delay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Documented early in life atypical neurologic and behavioral changes were common in all cases. Clinical analysis did not establish other causative reason aside from prenatal and early life exposure to unhealthy living conditions. <i>Alternaria Alternara</i> and <i>Penicillium</i>/<i>Aspergillus</i> molds were found in all homes and sensitization was confirmed in all cases. Significant similarities in the symptoms recorded in all three families led us to a hypothesis that, likely, a significant level of the immune response to external immunogenic pathological stimulus such as mold spore protein, mycotoxin protein, dust mite protein, decay-related volatile particles (VOC) skewed a balance of the neuroimmune interactions, and further affected neuronal network establishment. As all children exhibited significant spectrum of the systemic inflammatory conditions early in life, coupled with inability to follow normal neurodevelopment, we hypothesize that an overwhelming activation of the aggressive immune mechanisms by the epigenetic factors led to glia activation, cytokine storm and break of tolerance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We hypothesize that developing immune system exhibited aggressive responses due to environmental danger signals, subsequently TH-1 or TH-2 switch enables multiple clinical syndromes development with atypical presentation due to the described novel mechanism. An increased due to the COVID-19 lock-down may increase an amount of exposure of vulnerable people to indoor biological particles and volatile organic compounds present in unhealthy buildings. It is of crucial importance to identify and remediate indoor exposure factors that can decrease immune protection, especially against infectious pathogens such as novel coronavirus.</p>","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7654965/pdf/nihms-1635421.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38592204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal Endotheliitis Associated with a Methicillin Resistant Pyogenic Liver Abscess.","authors":"Christopher Schiefer,&nbsp;Samuel Asanad,&nbsp;Benjamin Rubin,&nbsp;Wuqaas M Munir,&nbsp;Osamah J Saeedi","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endotheliitis is the inflammation of the corneal endothelium resulting in edema and subsequent loss of vision. Bacterial causes of corneal inflammation primarily of the epithelium with subsequent, secondary involvement of the endothelium have previously been described. Notably, however, there are no reports of isolated endotheliitis related to a bacterial pathogen. We report, for the first time, a case of corneal endotheliitis associated with a pyogenic liver abscess caused by methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). Treatment targeting the underlying source of infection led to visual recovery in our patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7319184/pdf/nihms-1599364.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38094261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence between Saudis and Non-Saudis from 2013 to 2018 with a special concern about regions of the KSA","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.04.06.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.04.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the largest Arab countries with a moderate annual problem of tuberculosis that is either pulmonary or extra-pulmonary. TB is still one of the most significant health troubles in the KSA, affecting different nationalities (Saudis, non-Saudis), ages, provinces, and genders. The control of TB still faces some challenges in different provinces of the KSA. Data were collected, arranged, analyzed and presented in tables and figures. In this retrospective study, we appraised TB surveillance data for the period between 2013 (1434H) and 2018 (1439H). Data were handled using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 23. Data were checked for normality using Shapiro-Wilk normality test at 0.05 levels to determine whether they are parametric or nonparametric. Chi-squared, Kruskal Wallis, and analysis of variance tests were used to evaluate trends at a significance level of p< 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM-SPSS version 23 for Mac OS. We appraised TB surveillance data for the period between 2013 (1434H) and 2018 (1439H). The data included the region of the country (province), age, sex, and nationality (Saudis, non-Saudis). The study evaluated the impact of TB on various nationalities (Saudis and non-Saudis), age groups (0-14, 15-34, 35-55, more than 55 years old), and genders (males and females). Non-Saudis had a higher incidence rate than Saudis in 2013-2018. The number of cases and incidence rates of TB recorded in males between 2013 to 2018 were about two to three times greater than estimates for females. The Makkah, Riyadh, and Jeddah regions attract enormous numbers of non-Saudi migrant workers, who account for ~60% of all TB cases in the KSA. Assessing the main TB risk factors contributing to high TB rates in non-Saudi workers is essential. Furthermore, periodical accurate studies, including evidence-based studies for optimum surveillance, avoidance, spread risk, inspection, control procedures and treatment of TB, should be conducted. These assessments would lead to evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of KSA-NTP’s TB action plan.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77385202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiogram and Molecular Analysis of Clinical Bacteria Isolates from the Three Geographical Regions of Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.04.06.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.04.06.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows diversified forms of multidrug resistant bacteria agents that were obtained from designated health facilities in Ondo State, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty (151) clinical bacteria isolates collected from designated hospitals in Ondo, Okitipupa, Owo and Akure were identified. From Ondo North (SSH, Ikare and FMC, Owo), Seventy (70) bacterial isolates were obtained and this includes 15 (21.4%) Gram +ve organisms consisting of Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Streptococcus spp, and Corynebacterium spp. While 55 (78.6%) of the isolates were Gram-ve of various species. In Ondo Central (SSH, Akure and Trauma Centre, Ondo), Sixty-five (65) bacterial isolates obtained comprises 16 (24.6%) Gram+ve species of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus only. While 49 (75.4%) were Gram-ve bacterial species. Similarly, Ondo South (SSH, Okitipupa), Thirty-three (33) bacterial isolates were obtained, 8 (24.2%) were Gram+ve of the species of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus. While 25 (75.8%) were Gram-ve of diverse species. Thirty two (32) of the 151 isolates subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test were extremely resistant to both the convectional antibiotic discs and the E-tests strips. These resistant strains were further identified molecularly with their plasmid profile studied. This is of epidemiological significance and shows the necessity to sort alternative therapy for these multiple antibiotic resistant strains and improve our health management services.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75240831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open Northeast Passage Record - NGC 40 New Global Warming Energy Source","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.04.05.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.04.05.01","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018 and 2019, the Arctic ice volume was increasing due to the reduction of SN1006 and V606 Aquilae heat delivering incoming\u0000debris stream particles or a decrease in strength. When the volume of ice on our planet was increasing in 2018-19, the planet\u0000was impacted by the new heat source of planetary nebula, PN, NGC 40. Currently the strength of PN NGC 40 is overcoming\u0000the loss of strength of the SN 1006 and V606 Aquilae and the Arctic ice volume started decreasing in March 2019. Particular\u0000longitude locations moving eastward from the initial impact point of PN NGC 40 show the effects of the PN NGC 40 hotspot\u0000passing over their locations. Shipping time through the Northeast Passage will increase for 2019 and for years thereafter. The\u0000ten-year measles outbreak that occurred from 1981 to 1991 will repeat for the period 2019 to 2029.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85956438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidation of Molecular Mechanism of the Nonopioid Β-Endorphin Action Using Synthetic Peptide TPLVTLFK","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.04.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.04.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"The review presents data on nonopioid action of β-endorphin and its synthetic fragment 12-19 (TPLVTLFK, octarphin), a selective agonist of a nonopioid β-endorphin receptor. Using tritium labeled octarphin, the receptor distribution in the body has been studied. It was discovered on immune cells (peritoneal macrophages, T and B-lymphocytes), endocrine (adrenal cortex, hypothalamus), cardiovascular (cardio myocytes) systems. Characteristics of the binding specificity showed that only unlabeled β-endorphin can displace the labeled octarphin from the complex with the receptor, the α-endorphin, γ-endorphin and enkephalins tested in parallel were inactive. The peptide was found to increase the activity of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and the content of cGMP in target cells. The results obtained suggest that the activating effect of octarphin and β-endorphin mediated through the nonopioid receptor is realized in the following way: increasing iNOS expression → increasing NO production → increasing sGC activity → increasing intracellular level of cGMP","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83694420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}