Journal of clinical & experimental immunology最新文献

{"title":"Glyceryl tribenzoate: A food additive with unique properties to be a substitute for cinnamon.","authors":"Swarupa Pahan,&nbsp;Sridevi Dasarathi,&nbsp;Kalipada Pahan","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cinnamon is a regularly used natural seasoning and flavoring material throughout the world for eras. Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that oral cinnamon may be beneficial for different neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Lewy body diseases (LBD). However, cinnamon's certain limitations (e.g. unavailability of true Ceylon cinnamon throughout the world, impurities in ground cinnamon, etc.) have initiated an interest among researchers to find an alternate of cinnamon that can potentially deliver the same efficacy in the diseases mentioned above. Glyceryl tribenzoate (GTB) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved flavoring ingredient that is used in food and food packaging industries. It has been found that similar to cinnamon, oral GTB is capable of upregulating regulatory T cells and suppressing the autoimmune disease process of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Moreover, both GTB and cinnamon metabolite sodium benzoate (NaB) have the potency to attenuate neurodegenerative pathology in a mouse model of Huntington disease (HD). Here, we have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory property of GTB in astrocytes and macrophages, a property that is also seen with cinnamon and its metabolite sodium benzoate (NaB). Therefore, here, we have made a sincere attempt to discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between cinnamon and GTB with a focus whether GTB has the potential to be considered as a substitute of cinnamon for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"6 5","pages":"367-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8555914/pdf/nihms-1749969.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39581006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Coral to Coal","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.06.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.06.03","url":null,"abstract":"From coral to coal. A course from life to decay; from fluid plasticity to sedimentary rigidity; from tropical reef polyps expansion to combustible oxidative free radicals reaction; from expression to suppression; from flourish to perish. All these contrasting dynamics, this vivid antithesis of an integer ecosystem to a compressed peat bog, this endless colorful miracle of delight to a blackish stratum shell of scorn, get to be defined by a single letter; an “r”. The reflection that stands in between and makes all the difference; the reflection that stands in between and as a pivotal criterion reverberates opposed conditions and qualities; the reflection that stands in between and as a sword decides and divides. Which way it will be: light or darkness, real or unreal, allostasis or allostatic load, neuroinflammation or neuroprotection, progressive neurodegeneration or cell control and communication, gamma synchrony or hyperexcitability, well-being or mind-body infirmity, is determined by a serious consideration and careful thought. The conceptual operation of inverting a system or event with respect to a plane. A level of existence and cogitation, or development in accordance with a vectoring, a direction, orientation and attention. And for all the above, the mind-eye mirror connection which perceives and interprets, and creates a neuronal abstract substrate of bound distinct circuits that form as a whole memory, undoubtedly holds the key.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78949882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation is Associated with Lower Mechanical Ventilation and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: An interim Safety Analysis","authors":"P. Nemechek","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.06.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in preventing respiratory failure and improving survival in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Design, Setting, and Participants: Interim analysis of an ongoing single-arm, uncontrolled open-label, observational trial to assess the transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects. Eligible subjects are 18 years old or older requiring hospitalization for COVID-19pneumonia. Results: The 25 subjects enrolled with a mean age of 52.2 (22-80). Mechanical ventilation was required in only 2 (8%) cases. One survived and 1 one died. Although 4 (16%) of the 25 hospitalized subjects died, only 1 (4%) was attributed to respiratory failure. Relative to other reported COVID-19 hospitalization outcomes data, our mortality rate of 16% (4 of 25) is lower than many other reported cohorts 10.2% – 50%. Only 8% (2 of 25) of subjects required mechanical ventilation comparing favorably to 7.4%-79% of subjects requiring mechanical ventilation in other cohorts. Adverse events associated with tVNS occurred in only 2 subjects (8%) and consisted of reversible oral paresthesia and orthostatic hypotension. Conclusion and Relevance: In this interim report of tVNS in COVID-19 pneumonia, patients had a low rate of adverse events, infrequent use of mechanical ventilation, and a high rate of survival. Several other studies have shown a wide range of in hospital mortality (14-50%) and the requirement of mechanical ventilation (7-79%). The interim analysis found the mortality rate and the frequency of mechanical ventilation to be less than almost all other large COVID-19 cohorts. Only mild and self-limiting adverse events tVNS occurred in 2 subjects highlighting the safety of vagus stimulation. The study is slated to enroll a minimum of 50 subjects. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NTC04379037.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75272720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Pathogens, Epidemiology, and Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Reliable\u0000Suggestion: Aiming to Solve the Confusion in Clinical Practice","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"In past several months, the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 infection is unstoppable, which results in millions of\u0000people infected and thousands of people dead. However, there are still something controversial in the virus mechanism,\u0000the epidemiological feature and the diagnose criterion of COVID-19, while we also have some consensus. The structure\u0000of SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen of COVID-19, is roughly similar with other coronavirus such as SARS-CoV and bat-CoV,\u0000but by sequencing the amino acid, recombination of virus particles, and observation in Electron microscope, it is\u0000obvious to find the some slight difference between the protein of SARS-CoV-2 and others’. The spike protein of SARSCoV-2 has a stronger ability to binding ACE2 than SARS-CoV. The carrier of SARS-CoV-2 is just as other respiratory\u0000viruses, like droplet, aerosol and surface, and the fecal-oral transmission is proved to be an efficient pathway. In\u0000clinical practice, the elder and the patients with comorbidity are more susceptible to infection and have poorer\u0000prognosis, while pediatric patients is the very opposite of it. Nucleic acid test represented by RT-PCR is a helpful\u0000method for diagnose, yet it has weaknesses of false negative in suspicious patient and resurgence in discharge patient.\u0000Serological and immunological test, reported not suitable for diagnose alone in early period, can be another reliable\u0000method that benefit the accuracy of diagnosis criterion when combined with RT-PCR.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80467707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Pathogens, Epidemiology, and Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Reliable Suggestion: Aiming to Solve the Confusion in Clinical Practice","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.05.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.05.03","url":null,"abstract":"In past several months, the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 infection is unstoppable, which results in millions of people infected and thousands of people dead. However, there are still something controversial in the virus mechanism, the epidemiological feature and the diagnose criterion of COVID-19, while we also have some consensus. The structure of SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen of COVID-19, is roughly similar with other coronavirus such as SARS-CoV and bat-CoV, but by sequencing the amino acid, recombination of virus particles, and observation in Electron microscope, it is obvious to find the some slight difference between the protein of SARS-CoV-2 and others’. The spike protein of SARSCoV-2 has a stronger ability to binding ACE2 than SARS-CoV. The carrier of SARS-CoV-2 is just as other respiratory viruses, like droplet, aerosol and surface, and the fecal-oral transmission is proved to be an efficient pathway. In clinical practice, the elder and the patients with comorbidity are more susceptible to infection and have poorer prognosis, while pediatric patients is the very opposite of it. Nucleic acid test represented by RT-PCR is a helpful method for diagnose, yet it has weaknesses of false negative in suspicious patient and resurgence in discharge patient. Serological and immunological test, reported not suitable for diagnose alone in early period, can be another reliable method that benefit the accuracy of diagnosis criterion when combined with RT-PCR.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85655996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is on a mouth’s mind?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.05.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.05.06","url":null,"abstract":"In time, the wrong choice of words, along with faulty behavioural settings (errors), can influence one’s emotional and physical responses negatively. Lifestyle errors can act like bad sectors or clusters. The terms “bad sector” and “bad cluster” refer to a specific section of a digital storage device that has been rendered unusable for reading and writing data. When a computer says it has found bad sectors or clusters, it means that it has identified part of a connected storage medium that it can’t access. The computer can attempt to recover data that is stored on bad sectors and clusters, but there is a chance the data is lost forever.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86289475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vector(y) & Verticality for Victory -the Form of Good Health","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.05.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.05.05","url":null,"abstract":"• Vector (a quantity possessing both magnitude and direction, represented by an arrow the direction of which indicates the direction of the quantity and the length of which is proportional to the magnitude; such a quantity with the additional requirement that such quantities are to transform in a particular way under changes of the coordinate system). • Vectory (a Scandinavian company specialised in solutions incorporating inertial sensors). • Verticality (position at right angles to the horizon).","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75498544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HDFx and Methylated DNA; With Histones Upregulated in Macrophages/\u0000Monocytes Derived From Animal Survivors Subjected to Traumatic, Endotoxin,\u0000and Hemorrhagic Shock: Importance of Epigenesis and Potential Reasons for\u0000Resistance to Bacterial, Fungal and Viral Infections","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.04.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.04.07","url":null,"abstract":"Each year approximately 60,000 people die from hemorrhagic\u0000shock in the U.S.A. with about two million deaths worldwide [1].\u0000Deaths from traumatic shock, worldwide, has been difficult to\u0000estimate, due to battles/wars in many countries, but is thought to\u0000be more than two million victims/year [1]. Many reasons for these\u0000large numbers of deaths are known [for review, see1], for example,\u0000inadequate therapeutic measures, unavailability of adequate blood/\u0000plasma/fluid replacement, seeing the patient too late, and\u0000unavailability of trained ER personnel, among the major reasons\u0000[for recent review, see1]. Another predominant reason for large\u0000numbers of hemorrhagic and traumatic shock deaths is the risk of\u0000sepsis in many of these victims, resulting in septic shock having\u0000mortalities in excess of 40- 75%, depending upon locality, with the\u0000lower numbers in the U.S.A. Lastly, and most important is “natural\u0000resistance of the body to infectious microorganisms” (i.e, bacteria,\u0000funguses, viruses, parasitic organisms, etc.). What is responsible\u0000for “natural resistance” has been studied for more than 150 years.\u0000We know that the “innate” and “adaptive” immune systems are\u0000key elements in defense against infectious microorganisms [2, 3].\u0000But, which elements of these systems make-up major aspects of\u0000“resistance” and “host defense” still remains to be worked out.\u0000Using starfish, more than 140 years ago, the pioneer/father of\u0000immunology, and Nobel Laureate, Elie Metchnikoff, believed that\u0000white blood cells and macrophages were key to host-defense [4].\u0000He also believed the body develops molecules/substances, which\u0000are key to resistance to infectious microorganisms [4].","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91392936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple formula based on postprandial plasma glucose prediction using 5,640\u0000meals data via GH-Method: math-physical medicine (No. 301)","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on the continuation of the author’s research work, a simple and practical, yet highly accurate\u0000postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) prediction formula for type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. His methodology is the\u0000developed GH-Method: math-physical medicine (MPM) which has been utilized repeatedly in the past decade.\u0000The predicted PPG formula-based on the status of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), carbs/sugar intake amount, and postmeal walking steps are as follows:\u0000Predicted PPG\u0000= 0.97 * FPG + (carbs/sugar grams * 1.8) - (post-meal walking steps in thousand * 5)\u0000The conclusive results have the order of values m1 / m2 /m3 / prediction accuracy %.\u0000Case A: 1.8 / 5.0 / 0.97 / 99.8%\u0000Case B: 2.0 / 5.0 / 0.945 / 99.9%\u0000Case C: 2.2 / 5.0 / 0.92 / 99.9%\u0000Exercise is important, contributing ~3% higher than food, is easily achieved compared to the required knowledge of\u0000diet. As a result, the author spent four years to study food nutrition. Most T2D patients are seniors; therefore, he\u0000suggests that walking is the best form of exercise. However, the most difficult part of exercise is the behavior psychology\u0000related to the issue of “discipline and persistence”. T2D patients need to walk between 2,000 to 4,000 steps after each\u0000meal. The author walks an average of 4,300 steps after each meal. On the other hand, diet (carbs/sugar amount and\u0000nutritional balance) requires much more and deeper knowledge of food nutrition in order to control diabetes. Therefore,\u0000the author developed an AI-based tool to assist T2D patients.\u0000For non-tech patients, the following simple guidelines can assist with meal intake:\u0000Starchy food:\u0000Eat an amount half of your fist or hand at most\u0000Colorful vegetables:\u0000Eat an amount limited to one fist or hand.\u0000Green vegetables:\u0000Eat an amount limited to 2.5 fists or hands.\u0000Please note: you must combine two types of vegetable together in order to get the total intake limitation.\u0000The author highly recommends the patients to measure their FPG at least several times a quarter, in order to get a\u0000quarterly average FPG value. The other three PPG values can then utilize the formula-based predicted PPG to control\u0000their overall diabetes conditions.\u0000The described method mentioned above in regard to the predicted PPG formula along with the post-meal walking\u0000exercise and carbs/sugar intake amount can help patients control their diabetes without painful and troublesome fingerpiercing glucose measurements. The author has been measuring his glucoses for 8.5 years (3,126 days) with fingerpiercing glucose testing combined with his 10-years of diabetes research work. He hopes this article can provide useful\u0000guidelines to other diabetes patients to take back their lives from this dreadful chronic disease.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90962600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A1C Variance Study and PPG Prediction Methodology over Six Periods Using GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this case study, the author analyzed, predicted, and interpreted a type 2 diabetes (T2D) patient’s hemoglobin A1C variances based on six periods data utilizing the GH-Method: math-physical medicine approach by applying mathematics, physics, engineering modeling, and computer science (big data analytics and AI). He believes in “prediction” and has developed five models, including metabolism index, weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), and hemoglobin A1C. All prediction models have reached to 95% to 99% accuracy. His focus is on preventive medicine, especially on diabetes control via lifestyle management.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"02 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86245108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}