Journal of clinical & experimental immunology最新文献

{"title":"Glyceryl tribenzoate: A food additive with unique properties to be a substitute for cinnamon.","authors":"Swarupa Pahan,&nbsp;Sridevi Dasarathi,&nbsp;Kalipada Pahan","doi":"10.33140/jcei.06.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.06.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cinnamon is a regularly used natural seasoning and flavoring material throughout the world for eras. Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that oral cinnamon may be beneficial for different neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Lewy body diseases (LBD). However, cinnamon's certain limitations (e.g. unavailability of true Ceylon cinnamon throughout the world, impurities in ground cinnamon, etc.) have initiated an interest among researchers to find an alternate of cinnamon that can potentially deliver the same efficacy in the diseases mentioned above. Glyceryl tribenzoate (GTB) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved flavoring ingredient that is used in food and food packaging industries. It has been found that similar to cinnamon, oral GTB is capable of upregulating regulatory T cells and suppressing the autoimmune disease process of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Moreover, both GTB and cinnamon metabolite sodium benzoate (NaB) have the potency to attenuate neurodegenerative pathology in a mouse model of Huntington disease (HD). Here, we have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory property of GTB in astrocytes and macrophages, a property that is also seen with cinnamon and its metabolite sodium benzoate (NaB). Therefore, here, we have made a sincere attempt to discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between cinnamon and GTB with a focus whether GTB has the potential to be considered as a substitute of cinnamon for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"6 5","pages":"367-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8555914/pdf/nihms-1749969.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39581006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Coral to Coal","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.06.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.06.03","url":null,"abstract":"From coral to coal. A course from life to decay; from fluid plasticity to sedimentary rigidity; from tropical reef polyps expansion to combustible oxidative free radicals reaction; from expression to suppression; from flourish to perish. All these contrasting dynamics, this vivid antithesis of an integer ecosystem to a compressed peat bog, this endless colorful miracle of delight to a blackish stratum shell of scorn, get to be defined by a single letter; an “r”. The reflection that stands in between and makes all the difference; the reflection that stands in between and as a pivotal criterion reverberates opposed conditions and qualities; the reflection that stands in between and as a sword decides and divides. Which way it will be: light or darkness, real or unreal, allostasis or allostatic load, neuroinflammation or neuroprotection, progressive neurodegeneration or cell control and communication, gamma synchrony or hyperexcitability, well-being or mind-body infirmity, is determined by a serious consideration and careful thought. The conceptual operation of inverting a system or event with respect to a plane. A level of existence and cogitation, or development in accordance with a vectoring, a direction, orientation and attention. And for all the above, the mind-eye mirror connection which perceives and interprets, and creates a neuronal abstract substrate of bound distinct circuits that form as a whole memory, undoubtedly holds the key.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78949882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Pathogens, Epidemiology, and Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Reliable\u0000Suggestion: Aiming to Solve the Confusion in Clinical Practice","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"In past several months, the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 infection is unstoppable, which results in millions of\u0000people infected and thousands of people dead. However, there are still something controversial in the virus mechanism,\u0000the epidemiological feature and the diagnose criterion of COVID-19, while we also have some consensus. The structure\u0000of SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen of COVID-19, is roughly similar with other coronavirus such as SARS-CoV and bat-CoV,\u0000but by sequencing the amino acid, recombination of virus particles, and observation in Electron microscope, it is\u0000obvious to find the some slight difference between the protein of SARS-CoV-2 and others’. The spike protein of SARSCoV-2 has a stronger ability to binding ACE2 than SARS-CoV. The carrier of SARS-CoV-2 is just as other respiratory\u0000viruses, like droplet, aerosol and surface, and the fecal-oral transmission is proved to be an efficient pathway. In\u0000clinical practice, the elder and the patients with comorbidity are more susceptible to infection and have poorer\u0000prognosis, while pediatric patients is the very opposite of it. Nucleic acid test represented by RT-PCR is a helpful\u0000method for diagnose, yet it has weaknesses of false negative in suspicious patient and resurgence in discharge patient.\u0000Serological and immunological test, reported not suitable for diagnose alone in early period, can be another reliable\u0000method that benefit the accuracy of diagnosis criterion when combined with RT-PCR.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80467707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Pathogens, Epidemiology, and Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Reliable Suggestion: Aiming to Solve the Confusion in Clinical Practice","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.05.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.05.03","url":null,"abstract":"In past several months, the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 infection is unstoppable, which results in millions of people infected and thousands of people dead. However, there are still something controversial in the virus mechanism, the epidemiological feature and the diagnose criterion of COVID-19, while we also have some consensus. The structure of SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen of COVID-19, is roughly similar with other coronavirus such as SARS-CoV and bat-CoV, but by sequencing the amino acid, recombination of virus particles, and observation in Electron microscope, it is obvious to find the some slight difference between the protein of SARS-CoV-2 and others’. The spike protein of SARSCoV-2 has a stronger ability to binding ACE2 than SARS-CoV. The carrier of SARS-CoV-2 is just as other respiratory viruses, like droplet, aerosol and surface, and the fecal-oral transmission is proved to be an efficient pathway. In clinical practice, the elder and the patients with comorbidity are more susceptible to infection and have poorer prognosis, while pediatric patients is the very opposite of it. Nucleic acid test represented by RT-PCR is a helpful method for diagnose, yet it has weaknesses of false negative in suspicious patient and resurgence in discharge patient. Serological and immunological test, reported not suitable for diagnose alone in early period, can be another reliable method that benefit the accuracy of diagnosis criterion when combined with RT-PCR.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85655996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vector(y) & Verticality for Victory -the Form of Good Health","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.05.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.05.05","url":null,"abstract":"• Vector (a quantity possessing both magnitude and direction, represented by an arrow the direction of which indicates the direction of the quantity and the length of which is proportional to the magnitude; such a quantity with the additional requirement that such quantities are to transform in a particular way under changes of the coordinate system). • Vectory (a Scandinavian company specialised in solutions incorporating inertial sensors). • Verticality (position at right angles to the horizon).","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75498544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HDFx and Methylated DNA; With Histones Upregulated in Macrophages/\u0000Monocytes Derived From Animal Survivors Subjected to Traumatic, Endotoxin,\u0000and Hemorrhagic Shock: Importance of Epigenesis and Potential Reasons for\u0000Resistance to Bacterial, Fungal and Viral Infections","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.04.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.04.07","url":null,"abstract":"Each year approximately 60,000 people die from hemorrhagic\u0000shock in the U.S.A. with about two million deaths worldwide [1].\u0000Deaths from traumatic shock, worldwide, has been difficult to\u0000estimate, due to battles/wars in many countries, but is thought to\u0000be more than two million victims/year [1]. Many reasons for these\u0000large numbers of deaths are known [for review, see1], for example,\u0000inadequate therapeutic measures, unavailability of adequate blood/\u0000plasma/fluid replacement, seeing the patient too late, and\u0000unavailability of trained ER personnel, among the major reasons\u0000[for recent review, see1]. Another predominant reason for large\u0000numbers of hemorrhagic and traumatic shock deaths is the risk of\u0000sepsis in many of these victims, resulting in septic shock having\u0000mortalities in excess of 40- 75%, depending upon locality, with the\u0000lower numbers in the U.S.A. Lastly, and most important is “natural\u0000resistance of the body to infectious microorganisms” (i.e, bacteria,\u0000funguses, viruses, parasitic organisms, etc.). What is responsible\u0000for “natural resistance” has been studied for more than 150 years.\u0000We know that the “innate” and “adaptive” immune systems are\u0000key elements in defense against infectious microorganisms [2, 3].\u0000But, which elements of these systems make-up major aspects of\u0000“resistance” and “host defense” still remains to be worked out.\u0000Using starfish, more than 140 years ago, the pioneer/father of\u0000immunology, and Nobel Laureate, Elie Metchnikoff, believed that\u0000white blood cells and macrophages were key to host-defense [4].\u0000He also believed the body develops molecules/substances, which\u0000are key to resistance to infectious microorganisms [4].","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91392936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple formula based on postprandial plasma glucose prediction using 5,640\u0000meals data via GH-Method: math-physical medicine (No. 301)","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on the continuation of the author’s research work, a simple and practical, yet highly accurate\u0000postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) prediction formula for type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. His methodology is the\u0000developed GH-Method: math-physical medicine (MPM) which has been utilized repeatedly in the past decade.\u0000The predicted PPG formula-based on the status of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), carbs/sugar intake amount, and postmeal walking steps are as follows:\u0000Predicted PPG\u0000= 0.97 * FPG + (carbs/sugar grams * 1.8) - (post-meal walking steps in thousand * 5)\u0000The conclusive results have the order of values m1 / m2 /m3 / prediction accuracy %.\u0000Case A: 1.8 / 5.0 / 0.97 / 99.8%\u0000Case B: 2.0 / 5.0 / 0.945 / 99.9%\u0000Case C: 2.2 / 5.0 / 0.92 / 99.9%\u0000Exercise is important, contributing ~3% higher than food, is easily achieved compared to the required knowledge of\u0000diet. As a result, the author spent four years to study food nutrition. Most T2D patients are seniors; therefore, he\u0000suggests that walking is the best form of exercise. However, the most difficult part of exercise is the behavior psychology\u0000related to the issue of “discipline and persistence”. T2D patients need to walk between 2,000 to 4,000 steps after each\u0000meal. The author walks an average of 4,300 steps after each meal. On the other hand, diet (carbs/sugar amount and\u0000nutritional balance) requires much more and deeper knowledge of food nutrition in order to control diabetes. Therefore,\u0000the author developed an AI-based tool to assist T2D patients.\u0000For non-tech patients, the following simple guidelines can assist with meal intake:\u0000Starchy food:\u0000Eat an amount half of your fist or hand at most\u0000Colorful vegetables:\u0000Eat an amount limited to one fist or hand.\u0000Green vegetables:\u0000Eat an amount limited to 2.5 fists or hands.\u0000Please note: you must combine two types of vegetable together in order to get the total intake limitation.\u0000The author highly recommends the patients to measure their FPG at least several times a quarter, in order to get a\u0000quarterly average FPG value. The other three PPG values can then utilize the formula-based predicted PPG to control\u0000their overall diabetes conditions.\u0000The described method mentioned above in regard to the predicted PPG formula along with the post-meal walking\u0000exercise and carbs/sugar intake amount can help patients control their diabetes without painful and troublesome fingerpiercing glucose measurements. The author has been measuring his glucoses for 8.5 years (3,126 days) with fingerpiercing glucose testing combined with his 10-years of diabetes research work. He hopes this article can provide useful\u0000guidelines to other diabetes patients to take back their lives from this dreadful chronic disease.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90962600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Apheresis in Pediatrics with Neurological and Hematological Diseases","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages of therapeutic apheresis (TA) with hollow fiber membranes are a complete separation of the corpuscular components from the plasma and due to increased blood flow rate higher efficacy [1]. The use of therapeutic apheresis in pediatric patients, which increasing more and more, has always been restricted by technical difficulties and the low incidence of diseases requiring this kind of treatment. The development of new, more sophisticated membranes and new adsorption technologies allow the most selective separation of plasma components. TA has been successfully introduced in a variety of autoantibody-mediated diseases [2]. The updated information on immunology and molecular biology of different neurological and hematological diseases are discussed in relation to the rationale for apheresis therapy and its place in combination with other modern treatments. The different diseases can be treated by various apheresis methods. Pathogenetical aspects are demonstrated in these diseases, in which they are clarified. TA has been shown to effectively remove the autoantibodies from blood and lead to rapid clinical improvement. For the neurological and hematological diseases, which can be treated with TA, the guidelines of the Apheresis Application Committee (AAC) of the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) are cited [3, 4].","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78449659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Escaping Cytokine Storm for the Poor","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Since the Covid 19 broke out, people are all looking for the cure. Many people died from this fat al disease; and cytokine storm is one of the most dangerous complications. For some low-income people, they are not eligible to be tested for Covid; and they might not get the proper medical care. In these cases, self-care procedures, such as exercise, clear the airway, handwashing, wearing mask, taking meds on time, and proper diet become crucial in deciding the prognoses. This research is about a case study of a patient who is not eligible for a Covid 19 lab test; and how she dealt with a severe flu-like disease.","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86449812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treating Patients with Severe\u0000COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jcei.05.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jcei.05.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to perform a critical review, exploration, and strong summary of the roles of mesenchymal\u0000stem cell transplantation in treating various diseases, including COVID-19. A comprehensive search was carried out\u0000in mainstream bibliographic databases or Medical Subject Headings, including Scien Direct, PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web\u0000of Science, and websites of the news. The search was applied to the articles that were published between January 2020\u0000and April 2020. Needed article information was extracted from each article by : 1) direct information including journal\u0000(research article, review article, meeting abstract, conference abstract, correspondence, author index, editorial board\u0000meeting abstract, discussion), book chapter, title, authors, abstract, full text documents of candidate studies, websites\u0000of the news, publishing year; 2) study period; 3) research (study) method used; 4) types of mesenchymal stem cells; and\u00005) types of human organ system disorder or disease studied. With strict literature search and screening processes, it\u0000yielded 6 articles from 76 articles of initial literature databases and websites of the news (January 2020 to April 2020).\u0000Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in the treatment of respiratory diseases were confirmed\u0000by at least 17 clinical studies and more than 70 clinical trials are registered in this issue that are available at: https://\u0000www.clinicaltrials.gov. MSC transplantation improves the treatment outcome of COVID-19 patients may be due to\u0000controlling inflammatory response and promoting tissue regeneration and repair. In conclusion, Human MSCs are\u0000currently being evaluated as a stem cell treatment for a number of diseases, particularly severe COVID-19 and have\u0000been demonstrated to be safe in clinical trials. There are some promising reports to apply MSCs therapy to treat\u0000COVID-19. MSCs may possibly be one of the most ideal therapeutics, or a combination of treatment to treat patients\u0000with COVID-19. Nevertheless, further studies are urgently needed to investigate and optimize a number of variables in\u0000the human MSC culture environment by developing a bioprocess that can be operated in accordance with the Good\u0000Manufacturing Product (GMP).","PeriodicalId":73657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental immunology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87208184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}