Journal of chemical health & safety最新文献

{"title":"Spotlights: A Historical Risk Matrix Paper, VR Lab Safety Training, and a Systematic Approach for Identifying Unknown Assumptions","authors":"Lauren Goulding*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00098","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"30 6","pages":"341–342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products as Emerging Environmental Contaminants: Prevalence, Toxicity, and Remedial Approaches","authors":"Aritra Chakraborty,&nbsp;Satadal Adhikary,&nbsp;Suchandra Bhattacharya,&nbsp;Sohini Dutta,&nbsp;Sovona Chatterjee,&nbsp;Diyasha Banerjee,&nbsp;Abhratanu Ganguly and Prem Rajak*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00071","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00071","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are synthetic compounds widely used as consumer items such as cosmetics and therapeutic drugs across the globe. The inappropriate disposal of PPCPs in the environment has raised serious concerns regarding their potential adverse impacts on human and animal health. Hence, the present study aims to delve into the environmental contamination of numerous PPCPs and their detrimental impacts on biota and climate change. Mining of data published in the relevant literature has revealed that active ingredients of PPCPs and their metabolites generally invade the ecosystem via multiple sources. Varying concentrations of these contaminants are reported in surface water, groundwater, and wastewater treatment plants. The majority of PPCPs pose acute and chronic toxicity to living organisms. They adversely affect the structure and function of the algal community along with the feeding, mating, metabolic activities, and reproductive behavior of invertebrates, fishes, and higher vertebrates, including humans. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations as a response to PPCP contamination is another health concern. In addition, targeting mitochondrial respiratory proteins and cytochrome enzymes by PPCPs might contribute to the onset of multiple physiological ailments. Studies have deciphered the connection between PPCP contamination and methanogenesis, which could potentially impact climate change. Several degradation methods have been used for the removal of PPCPs. However, none of them completely remove the PPCPs from samples. Therefore, developing more advanced eco-friendly approaches is warranted for better treatment of PPCPs in water media. In addition, further investigations are required for the risk assessment of several PPCPs that have not yet been investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"30 6","pages":"362–388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flame Retardant and Anticorrosion Behavior of Multifunctional Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings Containing Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Silanized HfO2 Nanofillers for the Protection of Steel Surface in Automobile Industry","authors":"Joseph Raj Xavier*,&nbsp;Vinodhini S P,&nbsp;Ramesh B and Raja Beryl J,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00080","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00080","url":null,"abstract":"<p >With the help of (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (TMSPETA), hafnium(IV) oxide (HfO₂), an inorganic nanofiller, was modified. The resulting TMSPETA/HfO₂ was then encased in graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) and placed within a pure epoxy resin (EP). The protective behavior of mild steel coated with epoxy in the presence of various concentrations of GCN/TMSPETA-HfO₂ was studied using electrochemical methods in seawater environment. It was found that the addition of 0.6 wt % of GCN/TMSPETA-HfO₂ to the epoxy resin produced maximum resistance. Hence, the optimum concentration of 0.6 wt % was utilized for further investigation. The PHRR and THR values for the GCN/TMSPETA-HfO₂ significantly decreased by 73% and 57%, respectively, as compared to pure EP, showing that the material is more flame retardant. The results of salt spray tests showed that the inclusion of GCN/TMSPETA-HfO₂ in the epoxy matrix enhanced the corrosion protection performance and reduced water absorption. EIS measurements showed that the epoxy-GCN/TMSPETA-HfO₂ had increased coating resistance of 6.42E9 Ω·cm² even after 320 h of exposure to seawater. According to SECM investigations, the coated steel with EP-GCN/TMSPETA-HfO₂ nanocomposite has the lowest ferrous ion dissipation (1.0 I/nA). FE-SEM/EDX investigation revealed that silanized GCN was enhanced in the degradation products, resulting in a durable inert nanolayered covering. The newly created EP-GCN/TMSPETA-HfO₂ coating was incredibly water-resistant, with a WCA of 165°. The TMSPETA-HfO₂ wrapped in GCN has demonstrated strong adhesion and hardness in the epoxy substrate as well as good mechanical properties. An increased adhesive strength (19.1 MPa) was achieved for mild steel coated with EP-GCN/TMSPETA-HfO₂ prior to being immersed in seawater. As a result, the coating has greater adhesive strength and can hold up even after a prolonged immersion. In light of this, the EP-GCN/TMSPETA-HfO₂ nanocomposite may be used as a coating component in the automotive industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"30 6","pages":"428–450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons Learned: Spontaneous Detonation of 6-Azidotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine","authors":"Spencer J. Petras,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;James L. Gleason*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00087","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00087","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We report a case study on the spontaneous detonation of 6-azidotetrazolo[1,5-<i>b</i>]pyridazine, a compound that has been described as being stable despite having an N/C ratio of 2. We share the details of the incident and the lessons learned so that the potential hazards are reported for those who consider its use in the future. The compound was synthesized and handled five times without incident but then detonated upon standing. A one-pot technique to directly convert this hazardous material to the nonenergetic intermediate compound 6-hydroxytetrazolo[1,5-<i>b</i>]pyridazine is also provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"30 6","pages":"389–391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide Indirect Photodegradation Database: A Data-Sharing Platform for Screening Existing and Discovering New Agrochemicals","authors":"Zachary Stickelman,&nbsp;Natalie Clay and Jakub Kostal*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00076","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00076","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The ability to control and tune physicochemical properties that underscore chemical behavior in living systems and the environment is at the “heart” of green chemistry. This is especially true for chemical classes designed a priori to be biologically active, such as pesticides, where the chance of unintended adverse outcomes is high. We recently proposed a design-vectoring framework, leveraging validated computational models of ecotoxicity and indirect photodegradation as a useful, quasisystems-based tool for screening existing and designing new agrochemicals. Here, we describe the development of a database that integrates our models, which link structural and substructural features to process metrics, and corresponding predicated data for all agrochemicals with photodegradable cores on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s registry (785 compounds and over 18,000 pairwise interactions with chromophoric dissolved organic matter, CDOM). The database is searchable by structural and nonstructural identifiers (e.g., chemical class, oxidizable core, physicochemical and electronic properties, etc.) to aid in chemical selection, hazard, and alternative assessment. Crucially, it can be easily updated and augmented to aid in interactive data-sharing across industry, government, and academia. The overarching goal of this project is to spur grander efforts in systems-based design of pesticides that would see this platform paired with target-based computational methods and incorporated into the discovery phase of new product development across industry sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"30 6","pages":"420–427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons to Follow Safety Rules: Lab Jurisprudence in Disposing of a Piece of Alkali Metal","authors":"Youmin Tan,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Hanyang Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.2c00073","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.2c00073","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The belief that a good law demands preemptive obedience to maintain its stability and reliability seems to run counter to scientific critical thinking, which is to think independently and question assumptions. This study discusses possible decisions by different laboratories with different research purposes in disposing of an alkali metal. Through the analysis, we consider why scientists follow or violate relevant safety rules. Using Joseph Raz’s service conception of authority and legal philosophers’ observations, we have found that to reduce the risk of accidents caused by professional autonomy and rational noncompliance, the academic community should focus on improving and deferring to the preemptive qualified legislative authority, which should exercise its power cautiously to avoid marginalizing public interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"30 6","pages":"399–407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135995512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Thermal Runaway of a Sport Camera Lithium-Ion Battery Associated with Instrumental Analysis of Its Components","authors":"Rui Li,&nbsp;Wengang Lei,&nbsp;Yuchong Gao,&nbsp;Hanzhao Zhuang,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Zhikun Huang,&nbsp;Jiale Huang* and Yih-Shing Duh*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00046","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00046","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Action cameras are widely popular in daily life to record images of a panoramic view, fast random shooting, and extreme sports. It is regrettable that there is no academic study on the abusive risk associated with the lithium-ion batteries equipped in sports cameras. In this work, the thermal runaway (TR) phenomena of GoPro Li-ion batteries (LIB) with a stage of charge (SOC) of 0, 25, and 50% were investigated. The battery samples were tested by using an accelerated rate calorimeter (ARC) equipped with a specially customized battery holder. The internal materials of the battery were disassembled for characterization. The results show that the TR power of the GoPro LIB should not be underestimated albeit with low or medium battery capacity. During the TR course, the maximum temperature of the 50% SOC LIB can reach 470 °C, which is close to the maximum temperature limit of ARC. The maximum self-heat rate can exceed more than 1000 °C min^–1. Moreover, the TR risk of the LIB increases with the high value of SOC. It is worth mentioning that the initial decomposition process of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) was monitored, which resulted in the onset of the TR. In addition, the cathode material was determined to be LiCoO₂, while that of the separator was verified to be polyethylene (PE). Microscopically, it can be found that the internal material was obviously destroyed after thermal runaway. In addition, through the thermal stability characterization and instrumental analysis of the battery’s components, it can be found that the TR is strongly related to the breakdown of the separator.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"30 6","pages":"408–419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecules Featuring the Azaheterocycle Moiety toward the Application of Flame-Retardant Polymers","authors":"Shaolin Lu,&nbsp;Shuidong Chen,&nbsp;Lili Luo,&nbsp;Yuyao Yang,&nbsp;Jiayong Wang,&nbsp;Yiyong Chen,&nbsp;Yuzhao Yang*,&nbsp;Zhongke Yuan* and Xudong Chen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00039","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00039","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Flame retardancy is a desirable property of polymer materials, and the molecular design of novel flame-retardant structures considers three main aspects: (i) the chemical structure should have suitable thermal degradation temperature and a high tendency to form char; (ii) the flame-retardant molecule should not compromise the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix; and (iii) the molecule should have low inherent toxicity and generate minimal or no harmful substances to humans and the environment during degradation. Azaheterocycles and their derivatives are an important class of nitrogen-containing flame retardants, which achieve good flame retardancy by diluting the concentration of oxygen and fuel gas on the polymer surface in the gaseous phase and promoting the amount of char residue in the condensed phase. At the same time, azaheterocycle-containing flame retardants possess excellent designability and appropriate thermal degradation temperature of most of their structures, producing gases with low toxicity when subjected to thermal decomposition. Moreover, azaheterocycles and their derivatives have promising potential in the synthesis of novel flame retardants and flame-retardant polymers. This review mainly summarizes the methods of improving the flame retardancy of polymeric materials using azaheterocycle-containing compounds and the applications of azaheterocycle-containing flame retardant molecules. Meanwhile, this review also identifies the main challenges for the future development of azaheterocycle-containing flame retardants.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"30 6","pages":"343–361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135207641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silica Etching without HF in Particle Brushes","authors":"Feichen Cui,&nbsp;Yang Sui,&nbsp;Yipeng Zhang,&nbsp;Zhikun Xie and Jiajun Yan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00064","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00064","url":null,"abstract":"<p >People have created hybrid materials for centuries by molecularly blending two different materials. Particle brushes are an emerging type of hybrid material in which polymer brushes are grafted from or onto the surfaces of micro/nanoparticles. Silica is the most prevalent choice of core in particle brushes. Normally, hydrofluoric acid (HF) is used to etch these particles prior to chromatographic analysis of the detached polymer, but HF is particularly hazardous to humans and the environment. Herein we report the use of nonvolatile fluoride instead of HF in the sample pretreatment. We found the effectiveness of aqueous ammonium bifluoride (NH₄HF₂) is comparable to HF etching and extended it to particle brushes with other inorganic cores such as barium titanate. This technique is promising for silica template removal in other nanomaterials. Our findings may inspire future efforts in hazard control by substitution in research protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"30 6","pages":"392–398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}