Beyond the Visual: Achieving Accessibility in Scientific Figures

Abstract

Scientific figures are essential tools for conveying complex research data, yet their accessibility issues can exclude individuals with disabilities, limiting the reach and impact of scientific publications. This Commentary explores strategies for enhancing figure accessibility in accordance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 AA, which will become a legal standard for public agencies in April of 2026. Approximately 5% of U.S. adults have some form of visual impairment, underscoring the importance of inclusive design. Key recommendations include ensuring sufficient color contrast (minimum ratios of 3:1 or 4.5:1 depending on text size), using structural elements like patterns or shapes to differentiate data for colorblind readers, optimizing font styles and sizes for readability, and providing concise, descriptive alternative text for screen readers. These practices not only accommodate individuals with permanent or temporary limitations but also improve the overall usability and comprehension of figures for all readers, fostering broader engagement and equitable access to scientific knowledge.