Journal of chemical health & safety最新文献_第6页

Comparison of Measured Radiation Exposure and Dose Rates with Analytical and Computational Methods 测量辐射暴露和剂量率与分析和计算方法的比较

Journal of chemical health & safety Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chas.4c0011510.1021/acs.chas.4c00115

Syed F. Naeem*, Christopher R. Fitzgerald, Brian Champine and Tony Sorensen,

{"title":"Comparison of Measured Radiation Exposure and Dose Rates with Analytical and Computational Methods","authors":"Syed F. Naeem*, Christopher R. Fitzgerald, Brian Champine and Tony Sorensen, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c0011510.1021/acs.chas.4c00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00115https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00115","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Proper selection and utilization of survey instruments are important to fulfilling radiation survey needs. Ion chambers are typically used to survey β and γ-ray radiation, whereas REM balls containing helium-3 detectors are used to survey neutrons. While analytical calculations provide good estimates of radiation doses, it becomes challenging to estimate doses in the presence of shielding material(s) under complex geometries. γ doses are underestimated without accounting for buildup in the shielding equation. Commercially available software such as MicroShield can be used to calculate final γ radiation exposure, which relies on mathematical techniques to account for the radiation buildup in complex geometries. However, MicroShield is limited to assessing γ exposure and doses. Both γ and neutron radiation doses can be modeled using Monte Carlo particle transport methods in the computer code MCNP. Neutron and γ radiation doses from various spontaneous fission sources can also be modeled in the MCNP. However, this is dependent upon implementing proper fission models in the MCNP to calculate neutron and γ radiation doses. MicroShield in the default configuration cannot calculate γ radiation doses from spontaneous fission sources. However, the γ radiation dose from a spontaneous fission source can be correctly calculated in MicroShield if a γ spectrum is provided. MicroShield, MCNP, and analytical calculations show good agreement with measurements for γ sources used in the paper. On the other hand, MCNP and analytical calculations show good agreement with measurements for the spontaneous fission source used in the paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"32 3","pages":"259–265 259–265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flushing Burns with Water Immediately: A Universal Response to Burn Accidents 立即用水冲洗烧伤：对烧伤事故的普遍反应

Journal of chemical health & safety Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chas.5c0001610.1021/acs.chas.5c00016

Qi-zheng Yang, and , Shi-Yao Yang*,

{"title":"Flushing Burns with Water Immediately: A Universal Response to Burn Accidents","authors":"Qi-zheng Yang,  and , Shi-Yao Yang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.5c0001610.1021/acs.chas.5c00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.5c00016https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.5c00016","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Burns are a significant public health concern and one of the most common serious accidents encountered by laboratory researchers. Prompt and effective first aid at the scene is crucial for the subsequent treatment and prognosis of burns. However, there are conflicting guidelines and significant controversies regarding first aid methods for burns, particularly chemical burns. This article examines chemical safety manuals, textbooks, review articles, research papers, and safety data sheets related to burns. Drawing on the author’s extensive experience in laboratory teaching and research, as well as experimental data on the exothermic reactions of hazardous substances in water, this study proposes fundamental principles for emergency response and first aid for burns. The primary principle of emergency response is to eliminate harmful factors from contact with the human body as quickly as possible and to restore the body to its natural state immediately. The general on-site first aid method for burns involves flushing the affected area with a large amount of clean water within a few seconds to a dozen seconds, regardless of the cause. First aid requiring specific conditions should be classified as medical first aid.</p>","PeriodicalId":73648,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical health & safety","volume":"32 3","pages":"228–235 228–235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0