Journal of biological methods最新文献

{"title":"Reappraisal of the fundamental mechanisms of the sHA14-1 molecule as a Bcl-2/Bcl-XL ligand in the context of anticancer therapy: A cell biological study.","authors":"Aoula Moustapha, Pauline Andreu, François Gonzalvez, Delphine Fradin, Jean-Pierre Tissier, Phillippe Diolez, Patrice Xavier Petit","doi":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0055","DOIUrl":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HA14-1 is a small-molecule, stable B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) antagonist that promotes apoptosis in malignant cells through an incompletely-defined mechanism of action. Bcl-2 and related anti-apoptotic proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma-extra-large [Bcl-XL]), are predominantly localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where they regulate cell death pathways. However, the notably short half-life of HA14-1 <i>in vitro</i> limits its potential therapeutic application. To address this limitation, a more stable analog, ethyl-2-amino-6-phenyl-4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate (sHA14-1), was developed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the relationship between sHA14-1 and Bcl-2/Bcl-XL. The sHA14-1 molecule acts as a hormetic substance. Therefore, it is crucial to determine whether the hormetic zone corresponds to a putative therapeutic window, that is, the optimal concentration at which sHA14-1 selectively kills cancer cells overexpressing Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL while causing minimal damage to normal cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using classical cell biology and flow cytometry, we examined the main signaling pathways involving Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL, and their modification in the presence of sHA14-1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We showed that sHA14-1 exerted a dual effect on mitochondria: (i) it sensitized cells to increased permeability, and (ii) it inhibited adenosine diphosphate-stimulated respiration and uncoupled respiration. At relatively low concentrations, sHA14-1 induced mitochondrial swelling, reminiscent of \"pore opening\" but with distinct characteristics. Over 30 μM, sHA14-1 caused mitochondrial transition depolarization independent of permeability transition and cell death that resembled secondary necrosis (<i>i.e</i>., occurring after maximal mitochondrial permeability) rather than apoptosis. The balance between apoptotic and necrotic cell death induced by sHA14-1 was also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggested that sHA14-1 plays a multifunctional role, involving both mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Its actions are more complex than its originally intended role in targeting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, which may complicate its potential application as an anticancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biological methods","volume":"11 4","pages":"e99010040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined T1-weighted MRI and diffusion MRI tractography of paraventricular, locus coeruleus, and dorsal vagal complex connectivity in brainstem-hypothalamic nuclei.","authors":"Nikos Makris, Poliana Hartung Toppa, Richard J Rushmore, Kayley Haggerty, George Papadimitriou, Stuart Tobet, Yogesh Rathi, Marek Kubicki, Edward Yeterian, Agustin Castañeyra-Perdomo, Jill M Goldstein","doi":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0043","DOIUrl":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current multimodal neuroimaging plays a critical role in studying clinical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, major depression, and other disorders related to chronic stress. These conditions involve the brainstem-hypothalamic network, specifically the locus coeruleus (LC), dorsal vagal complex (DVC), and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, collectively referred to as the \"DVC-LC-PVN circuitry.\" This circuitry is strongly associated with the norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) neurotransmitter systems, which are implicated in the regulation of key autonomic functions, such as cardiovascular and respiratory control, stress response, and cognitive and emotional behaviors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop a methodology for delineating the DVC-LC-PVN circuitry in the human brain using multimodal neuroimaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We combined structural T1-weighted morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion MRI-based tractography to map the DVC-LC-PVN circuitry in the human brain. This methodology was applied to a pilot sample of brain datasets from five healthy adult subjects obtained from the publicly available Human Connectome Project repository and to one post-mortem human dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DVC-LC-PVN circuitry was delineated <i>in vivo</i> in five human subjects and one ultra-high resolution post-mortem dataset, allowing for refined anatomical observations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NE and E neurotransmitter systems engender substantial interest in both basic and clinical neuroscience due to their roles in the regulation of key autonomic functions, such as cardiovascular and respiratory control, stress responses, and cognitive and emotional behaviors. As demonstrated in this study, multimodal neuroimaging techniques provide a valuable approach for mapping small brainstem and hypothalamic structures and complex circuitries such as the DVC-LC-PVN circuitry.</p>","PeriodicalId":73618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biological methods","volume":"11 4","pages":"e99010036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological parameters of the European hake (<i>Merluccius merluccius</i>) in Toroneos Gulf, northern Greece: A case study.","authors":"Dimitris Klaoudatos, George Michail, Georgios A Gkafas, Joanne Sarantopoulou, Nikolaos Neofitou, Alexios Conides, Dimitris Vafidis, Evgenia Gourzioti, Nikoleta Kravva, Apostolos P Apostolidis, Athanasios Exadactylos","doi":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0064","DOIUrl":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The European hake (<i>Merluccius merluccius</i>) is a commercially valuable demersal species widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea. Assessing the condition of fish populations in their natural habitats is challenging due to the lack of reliable reference points.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to utilize hematological analysis as an economical method to evaluate the physiological and health status of European hake, addressing the gap in hematological data for this species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein of 40 adult European hakes caught from the Toroneos Gulf (northern Greece) using a commercial bottom otter trawl. An automated hematological analyzer was used to assess hematological parameters alongside biometric and biological indices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female hakes showed significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) counts, thrombocyte (TC) counts, and red cell distribution width (RDW) than their male counterparts. Strong correlations were observed among various hematological parameters, notably between WBC and red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb); between RBC and both Ht and Hb; between TC and both mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width (PDW); and between mean corpuscular Hb concentration and RDW. Significant differences were noted in RBCs, Hb, and Ht compared to data from wild-caught European hake populations in Argentina and Denmark. Both trawling depth and duration were found to significantly affect RBC, WBC, Hb, and Ht values, while having no notable impact on TC. Fish captured at an average depth of 80 m and with a trawling duration of 30 min exhibited significantly elevated hematological indices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that hematological analysis is a valuable, cost-effective tool for assessing the physiological and health status of European hake populations in the Mediterranean. Notable differences in hematological parameters based on sex, as well as significant correlations among key blood metrics, underscore the importance of understanding species-specific hematological profiles. The influence of trawling depth and duration on certain blood parameters highlights the need for standardized sampling protocols in population health assessments. These findings contribute essential baseline hematological data for European hake, facilitating more informed fisheries management and conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biological methods","volume":"11 4","pages":"e99010039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced UltraTech approach for distinguishing granulomatous from non-granulomatous corneal endothelial exudates in autoimmune rheumatic anterior uveitis.","authors":"Roberta Foti, Marco Zeppieri, Rosario Foti, Ylenia Dal Bosco, Davide Scollo, Elisa Visalli, Salvatore Ficili, Giorgio Amato, Valentina Cifalinò, Riccardo Foti, Alessandro Avitabile, Ludovica Cannizzaro, Caterina Gagliano","doi":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0049","DOIUrl":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior uveitis is a common manifestation in individuals with rheumatic conditions such as spondylarthritis, Behçet's syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and sarcoidosis. Clinical differentiation between granulomatous and non-granulomatous corneal endothelial exudates is crucial to subsequent diagnosis and treatment. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) can ensure an accurate differential diagnosis and appropriate follow-up after local and systemic therapy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to distinguish between granulomatous and non-granulomatous endothelial exudates in patients with anterior uveitis using AS-OCT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal observational study involved 30 patients diagnosed with or suspected of having rheumatic autoimmune disease presenting with anterior uveitis. The study was conducted at the combined Rheumatology and Ophthalmology Clinic, San Marco Hospital, Catania, Italy. All patients underwent slit-lamp examination, which revealed or suspected corneal endothelial exudates. A comprehensive rheumatological and ophthalmological evaluation was also performed. Subsequently, the patients were subjected to AS-OCT using the Optovue Solix device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Granulomatous corneal exudates were identified in 30% of the subjects, with counts ranging from 5 to 20 and sizes varying between 50 and 150 μm. Detailed 3D scans further exhibited the morphology of these exudates. A follow-up of patients after steroid therapy (both topical and systemic) and immunosuppressive treatment demonstrated a progressive reduction in the exudates, ultimately leading to their complete resolution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Use of ophthalmological equipment that allows for simple, rapid, and non-invasive investigations in combination with a multidisciplinary approach, enables appropriate diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy in patients with inflammatory ocular conditions presenting with corneal endothelial exudates.</p>","PeriodicalId":73618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biological methods","volume":"11 4","pages":"e99010034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venom immunization: IgG/IgE titers, safety, risk, and methods of the VIPRBITEM cohort.","authors":"Brian P Hanley, Gustavo Gross","doi":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0038","DOIUrl":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This is the first study to examine a cohort that engages in the practice of immunization with snake venoms. In this practice, either fresh wet venom or venom reconstituted from freeze-dried form is used in vaccination protocols to produce hyper-immunity to venom.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective community-initiated collaborative research (CICR) project that collated the records of venom immunization. Records of schedules, formulations, photographs, medical records, and diaries were collated from existing practitioners and evaluated by inspection and interviews. One accidental bite was observed over 3 days, with vital signs, and photographic records of swelling taken to verify reality of the bite. Over 74 snake-genera man-years, and 24 man-years of injection data from 8 participants, for 22 species of venomous snakes from Elapidae and Viperidae are represented. Six of those participants had detailed records of date, dose and effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IgG titers to 6 venoms for 4 cohort members tested of 8 included 2 with clear hyper-immune status. IgE titers were elevated for some. In 861 injections, records showed a rate of atopy/anaphylaxis of 4.3%, an infection rate of 0.58% and an abscess rate of 1.51% . Serious adverse reactions were rare and these appeared to be linked to overly aggressive immunization schedules and formulation accidents. We note that greater cross-immunity of IgE over IgG is suggested. Two basic protocols were followed, one was an approximate one month interval, the other was one or more injection(s) per week. In 176 envenomations, 175 were without antivenom treatment, two hospitalizations occurred, and one received full antivenom treatment. Dry bites were not included in our dataset. Envenomations showed a 1.14% rate of atopy/anaphylaxis, a 0.57% rate of infection and a 1.7% rate of abscess.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immunization of humans to snakebite is effective, and reasonably safe with care. Injection records suggest immune cross-reactivity between ophidians within the same family, and better cross-reactivity within the same genera. A cohort participant was pronounced dead based on EEG, and then recovered without treatment. A neurotoxin case with \"brain death\" EEG should stay on life support for 6 weeks to allow time for the immune system to clear venom.</p>","PeriodicalId":73618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biological methods","volume":"11 4","pages":"e99010026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraordinary variance in meta-analysis of venom toxicity of 160 most lethal ophidians and guidelines for estimating human lethal dose range.","authors":"Brian P Hanley, Gustavo Gross","doi":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0037","DOIUrl":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This is the first meta-analysis to characterize intra-ophidian-species variation in whole venom. Being the largest possible meta-analysis at this time, it encompasses all known records of animal lethality studies over the past 100 years. These results were not artifacts of resistant test-animal species and showed orders of magnitude beyond the 1.6 logs (40-fold change) range of lethal dose documented in the literature between amphibians, lizards, and mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1003 lethal dose study results for 160 of the most lethal venomous ophidian species in the world were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LDLo was not different from LD50 across studies, indicating the true range of toxicity is probably larger. The belief that, for the route of inoculation, IC < IV < IP < IM < SC was well supported (R² = 0.90). However, 5% of ICs were the highest dose, and 7% of SC inoculations were the lowest dose. Within the mouse test species, for one route of inoculation, the widest LD range was 2.96 logs (917-fold change, <i>N</i> = 20). Within mouse species, for multiple routes of inoculation, the widest LD range was 3.6 logs (4,150-fold change, <i>N</i> = 20). The strongest correlation for the range of lethal dose results was the number of studies (R² = 0.56), followed by the number of test-animal species (R² = 0.55) and then the number of routes of inoculation (R² = 0.43).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Scientists working with humans should use combined LDLo and LD50 meta-datasets for all data and calculate mean, median, minimum, range, and standard deviation as shown in the supplement spreadsheet, and the equations we provide. Standard deviation multiples may provide the desired safety for experimenters. For estimating the LD50 range and minimum lethal dose for species with little data, we recommend curating a meta-dataset of related snakes, and computational research to strengthen this estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biological methods","volume":"11 3","pages":"e99010029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End tuberculosis strategy also requires initiation and integration of a national silicosis control program with the ongoing tuberculosis elimination activities: A review of the silicotuberculosis situation in India.","authors":"Bidisa Sarkar, Kamalesh Sarkar","doi":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0053","DOIUrl":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Earlier studies conducted by Indian researchers have demonstrated that the elimination of tuberculosis (TB) requires proactive control of silicosis, given India's significant burden of silicosis and its common comorbidity, pulmonary TB, also known as silicotuberculosis. The TB Control Indian Health Authority saw human immunodeficiency virus infection, diabetes, and malnutrition, among others, as important risk factors for case findings, but overlooked the significance of silicosis. Silicotuberculosis control is often confronted with challenges of detecting microorganisms, uncertain treatment outcomes, a higher likelihood of mono-drug and multi-drug resistance, and increased mortality due to treatment failure. In addition, silicosis has a long latent period, typically 15 years or more, from the onset of silica dust exposure to the appearance of opacities on radiological examination, which is the conventional method of diagnosis of the condition.</p><p><strong>Objective and recommendation: </strong>Facing the aforementioned situation, scientists of the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Occupational Health have identified a useful biomarker, Club cell secretory protein 16 (CC-16) (a lung protein), that might serve as a surrogate marker for early detection of silicosis among silica dust-exposed workers. An added benefit of CC-16 is its ability to detect sub-radiological silicosis, which is recognized as a risk factor for TB and multi-drug-resistant TB. At present, two researchers have developed point-of-care devices for detecting silica-dust-induced lung damage using serum CC-16, to support its further application.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present review highlights possible mechanisms for the early detection of silicosis and silicotuberculosis by assessing several relevant research publications, and the findings suggest that a national silicosis control program, to be integrated with existing TB elimination activities for sustainable and improved outcomes, should be initiated.</p>","PeriodicalId":73618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biological methods","volume":"11 4","pages":"e99010035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physician's perceived barriers to millet-based diet in clinical practice: A cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Sushma Katkuri, Shubhangi Saxena, Satyalakshmi Komarraju, Sathyanath Dasarathan, Shrikanth Muralidharan","doi":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0040","DOIUrl":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the perceived barriers faced by physicians in Maharashtra when recommending a millet-based diet for diabetic patients. The objectives were to identify the challenges physicians encounter in promoting millet consumption, assess their knowledge and beliefs about millet-based diets, and evaluate the current resources and practices used in dietary counseling for diabetes management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 68 physicians specializing in diabetes care in Maharashtra. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling and met the inclusion criteria of having over 10 years of clinical practice and significant experience in diabetes management. Data collection was performed through a pre-tested survey tool distributed through email and Google Forms. The survey included questions on the effectiveness of millet-based diets, patient characteristics influencing dietary recommendations, barriers to providing millet-based food education, and current and desired resources for promoting such diets. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey revealed that 70.59% of physicians considered a millet-based diet significantly effective for lowering blood sugar levels. However, several barriers were identified, including high comorbidities (82.35%) and low income (54.41%) among patients, which hindered dietary recommendations. In addition, physicians reported a lack of formal training in millet-based nutrition (73.53%), personal skepticism toward millet-based diets (63.23%), and insufficient patient educational resources (55.89%). Current resources used for dietary counseling were primarily verbal education (100%) and electronic resources (97.06%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite recognizing the potential benefits of millet-based diets, physicians face substantial barriers in recommending them to diabetic patients. These barriers include factors such as lack of training, time, and educational resources. To overcome these challenges, there is a need for enhanced educational programs for physicians, increased availability of patient-friendly educational materials, and access to trained dietitians. Implementing these measures could improve dietary management strategies and health outcomes for diabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biological methods","volume":"11 4","pages":"e99010030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology-based approaches for targeted drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.","authors":"Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou, Petros Papalexis, Nikolaos Trakas","doi":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0065","DOIUrl":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). By leveraging the unique properties of nanoscale delivery systems, nanotechnology can significantly enhance the selectivity and efficacy of antimicrobials, thereby reducing off-target effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review explores the development and application of targeted nanosystems in combating viral, bacterial, and fungal RTIs. Nanotechnology-based systems, including biological and non-biological nanoparticles, offer innovative solutions for overcoming antimicrobial resistance, improving drug bioavailability, and minimizing systemic side effects. RTIs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Traditional drug delivery methods face numerous challenges, such as rapid clearance, poor tissue penetration, and drug degradation. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems address these issues by enhancing tissue penetration, providing sustained drug release, and enabling targeted delivery to infection sites. These systems include liposomal delivery, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metal-based nanoparticles, each offering unique advantages in treating RTIs. Nanotechnology also plays a crucial role in vaccine development by offering new strategies to enhance immune responses and improve antigen delivery. Furthermore, the review discusses the clinical translation and regulatory considerations for nanotechnology-based drug delivery, emphasizing the need for rigorous testing and quality control to ensure safety and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nanotechnology offers promising advancements in the treatment, and prevention of RTIs by enhancing drug delivery and efficacy. By addressing challenges such as antimicrobial resistance and poor tissue penetration, nanotechnology-based systems have the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biological methods","volume":"11 4","pages":"e99010032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full mouth rehabilitation with fixed teeth supported prosthesis following hobo twin stage technique - A Case Report.","authors":"Ahila Singaravel Chidambaranathan, Rajdeep Tah, Muthu Kumar Balasubramanium","doi":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0036","DOIUrl":"10.14440/jbm.2024.0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Worn dentition is a common problem encountered by most people in the last decade. Rehabilitation of a full mouth needs individual attention and proper treatment planning, which is very challenging for partial edentulous cases where bilateral teeth are missing and collapsed vertical dimension leaves inadequate restorative space. Treatment of these cases is complex and needs to apply standard principles while designing and fabricating prostheses.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 41-year-old female presented with a history of difficulty in chewing and poor appearance. Examination revealed that the patient had missing teeth in the maxilla (12, 13, 14, 15, 23, and 24), in the mandible (46 and 47), and in teeth 11, 21, 22, 25, 36, 37, 43, 44, and 45 were root canal treated, of which 21, 22, and 25 did not have any coronal structure and 36 had a discharging sinus. The periodontal condition of the remaining teeth was good and the vertical dimension was reduced. This patient had multiple missing and badly damaged anterior teeth. Hence, Hobo and Takayama twin stage method was used to re-establish the anterior guidance for full mouth rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Worn dentition requires a very careful and calculative approach due to its complex nature. Hobo twin stage technique is based on case studies from which the mathematical values for anterior guidance and posterior disocclusion are determined and thus minimizes the clinical procedure duration and produces good masticatory function.</p>","PeriodicalId":73618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biological methods","volume":"11 4","pages":"e99010027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}