JCPP advances最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between elimination disorders and internalizing-externalizing problems in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Claudia Aymerich,&nbsp;Borja Pedruzo,&nbsp;Malein Pacho,&nbsp;Jon Herrero,&nbsp;María Laborda,&nbsp;Marta Bordenave,&nbsp;Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo,&nbsp;Eva Sesma,&nbsp;Aranzazu Fernández-Rivas,&nbsp;Ana Catalan,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel González-Torres","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12185","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elimination disorders are highly prevalent in childhood and often associated with clinically relevant comorbid psychological disorders. The aim of this study is to determine if, and to what extent, children with elimination disorders show higher internalizing and externalizing problems than their healthy peers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multistep literature search was performed from database inception until May 1st, 2022. PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42022303555) were used to identify studies reporting on internalizing and/or externalizing symptoms in children with an elimination disorder and a healthy control (HC) group. First, a systematic review was provided. Second, where data allowed for it, a quantitative meta-analysis with random effects model was conducted to analyze the differences between the elimination disorder and the HC groups for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Effect size was standardized mean difference. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of sex, age, and study quality. Funnel plots were used to detect a publication bias. Where found, the trim and fill method was used to correct it.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>36 articles were included, 32 of them reporting on enuresis (<i>n</i> = 3244; mean age = 9.4; SD = 3.4; 43.84% female) and 7 of them on encopresis (<i>n</i> = 214; mean age = 8.6; SD = 2.3; 36.24% female). Children with an elimination disorder presented significantly lower self-concept (ES:0.42; 95%CI [0.08; 9.76]; <i>p</i> = 0.017) and higher symptom scores for thought problems (ES:−0.26; 95%CI: −0.43;−0.09]; <i>p</i> = 0.003), externalizing symptoms (ES: −0.20; 95%CI [−0.37;−0.03]; <i>p</i> = 0.020), attention problems (ES:−0.37; 95%CI [−0.51;−0.22]; <i>p</i> = 0.0001), aggressive behavior (ES:−0.33; 95%CI [−0.62;−0.04]; <i>p</i> = 0.025) and social problems (ES:−0.39; 95%CI [−0.58;−0.21]; <i>p</i> = 0.0001). Significant publication biases were found across several of the studied domains. No significant effect of sex, age or quality of the study score was found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children with an elimination disorder may have significant internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as impaired self-concept. It is recommendable to screen for them in children with enuresis or encopresis and provide appropriate interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities of measuring hierarchical models of psychopathology","authors":"Erik Pettersson","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12187","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>All psychiatric phenomena are positively associated, and several different models can account for this observation. These include the correlated factors, network, general psychopathology as outcome, and hierarchical models. Advantages of hierarchical models, which consist of one general and several (general factor-residualized) specific factors, is that the general factor provides an opportunity to reliably measure global distress and impairment, while the specific factors might improve the ability to discriminate between individuals with different kinds of problems. Nevertheless, other models also have their respective advantages, and it remains challenging to empirically determine which model best accounts for the positive manifold in psychiatry. Instead, I present two non-empirical arguments in favor of hierarchical models. First, by measuring the general factor in isolation, the specific factors tend to include both favorable and unfavorable correlates, which might reduce stigma compared to psychiatric diagnoses that by and large are associated with only unfavorable outcomes. Second, the general psychopathology factor displays an unusual psychometric property in that it includes symptoms of opposite meaning if they have similar valence (e.g., self-reported symptoms such as <i>gullible</i> and <i>paranoid</i>, <i>lazy</i> and <i>workaholic</i>, and <i>terrified</i> and <i>apathetic</i> load in the same direction), which one might want to measure in isolation from variance capturing the content of symptoms. I conclude by speculating that tests designed based on hierarchical models might help clinical assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41261015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do single-case experimental designs lead to randomised controlled trials of cognitive behavioural therapy interventions for adolescent anxiety and related disorders recommended in the National Institute of Clinical Excellence guidelines? A systematic review","authors":"Tom Cawthorne,&nbsp;Anton Käll,&nbsp;Sophie Bennett,&nbsp;Elena Baker,&nbsp;Emily Cheung,&nbsp;Roz Shafran","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12181","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is effective for 60% of adolescents with anxiety disorders, only 36% are in remission post-intervention. This indicates that more effective treatments are needed which should be reflected in the NICE guidelines. We hypothesised that Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) may provide a framework for accelerating the development of novel interventions. The primary purpose of this review was to investigate whether SCEDs are currently followed by randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT intervention for adolescent anxiety disorders named in the NICE guidelines. The secondary objective was to investigate whether using SCEDs prior to RCTs could be a helpful approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the primary search of SCEDs five databases were used (PsycINFO, PubMed, PsycArticles, Web of Science and ProQuest). Nineteen articles met eligibility criteria including a total of 107 participants. For the secondary search of RCTs named in the NICE guidelines for adolescent anxiety disorders 53 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 19 SCED studies included in the review were conducted with participants with a diverse range of anxiety disorders and across a range of CBT formats. Two of the SCEDs were followed by RCTs, but neither of these were named in the NICE guidelines for anxiety disorders. All of the SCEDs identified were rated as low quality with none meeting the criteria for the highest or second highest quality rating. From the secondary searches, none of the RCTs named in the NICE guide were preceded by SCEDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was concluded that currently SCEDs were not followed by RCTs of CBT interventions named in the NICE guidelines for adolescent anxiety disorders. However, it was suggested that SCEDs may provide an important framework for the development of more effective interventions for adolescents with anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10635644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the differentiation of behavioural and emotional problems across childhood: A prospective longitudinal cohort study","authors":"Adrian Dahl Askelund,&nbsp;Helga Ask,&nbsp;Eivind Ystrom,&nbsp;Alexandra Havdahl,&nbsp;Laurie J. Hannigan","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12176","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12176","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An individual's overall burden of behavioural and emotional problems across childhood is associated with increased likelihood of later mental health conditions. However, the <i>relative</i> extent of behavioural versus emotional problems - that is, the extent to which the domains are <i>differentiated</i> from one another - may provide additional information about who is at risk of developing a mental health condition. Here, we seek to validate differentiation as an independent predictor of later mental health conditions, and to explore its aetiology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed data from ~79,000 children in the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study, and linked health-care registries. In preregistered analyses, we modelled the extent and rate of differentiation of behavioural and emotional problems between ages 1.5–5 years, and estimated associations with later symptoms (age 8) and diagnoses (after age 8). We also explored the aetiology of differentiation by estimating associations with early life exposures and, in a subset of 23,945 full siblings, assessing the impact of accounting for unobserved familial confounding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differentiation of behavioural and emotional problems was associated with later symptoms and diagnoses of mental health conditions, independent of total problems. Maternal at-risk drinking (<i>β</i> = 0.04 [0.02, 0.06]) and parental relationship problems (<i>β</i> = 0.04 [0.02, 0.05]) were associated with higher behavioural relative to emotional problems at age 5. Maternal prenatal distress (|β| = 0.04 [0.03, 0.06]), concurrent distress (|β| = 0.04 [0.02, 0.06]) and parental education (|β| = 0.05 [0.04, 0.07]) predicted higher emotional relative to behavioural problems at age 5. Estimates for maternal prenatal distress and at-risk drinking were consistent across both unadjusted and adjusted analyses accounting for unobserved familial risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differentiation of behavioural and emotional problems in early childhood represents a valid source of inter-individual variability linked to the later emergence of psychopathology and may be relevant for early detection and prevention strategies for mental health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41589575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we diagnose mental disorders in children? A large-scale assessment of machine learning on structural neuroimaging of 6916 children in the adolescent brain cognitive development study","authors":"Richard Gaus,&nbsp;Sebastian Pölsterl,&nbsp;Ellen Greimel,&nbsp;Gerd Schulte-Körne,&nbsp;Christian Wachinger","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12184","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12184","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prediction of mental disorders based on neuroimaging is an emerging area of research with promising first results in adults. However, research on the unique demographic of children is underrepresented and it is doubtful whether findings obtained on adults can be transferred to children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from 6916 children aged 9–10 in the multicenter Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, we extracted 136 regional volume and thickness measures from structural magnetic resonance images to rigorously evaluate the capabilities of machine learning to predict 10 different psychiatric disorders: major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder (BD), psychotic symptoms, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder. For each disorder, we performed cross-validation and assessed whether models discovered a true pattern in the data via permutation testing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two of 10 disorders can be detected with statistical significance when using advanced models that (i) allow for non-linear relationships between neuroanatomy and disorder, (ii) model interdependencies between disorders, and (iii) avoid confounding due to sociodemographic factors: ADHD (AUROC = 0.567, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and BD (AUROC = 0.551, <i>p</i> = 0.002). In contrast, traditional models perform consistently worse and predict only ADHD with statistical significance (AUROC = 0.529, <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While the modest absolute classification performance does not warrant application in the clinic, our results provide empirical evidence that embracing and explicitly accounting for the complexities of mental disorders via advanced machine learning models can discover patterns that would remain hidden with traditional models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46256349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Following the children of depressed parents from childhood to adult life: A focus on mood and anxiety disorders","authors":"Victoria Powell,&nbsp;Jessica Lennon,&nbsp;Rhys Bevan Jones,&nbsp;Alice Stephens,&nbsp;Bryony Weavers,&nbsp;David Osborn,&nbsp;Judith Allardyce,&nbsp;Robert Potter,&nbsp;Ajay Thapar,&nbsp;Stephan Collishaw,&nbsp;Anita Thapar,&nbsp;Jon Heron,&nbsp;Frances Rice","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12182","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parental depression increases risk for anxiety and depression in offspring. The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a common risk period for onset of such disorders. However, relatively few studies have considered development of these disorders from childhood to adulthood including multiple assessments during this transition period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Offspring of depressed parents aged 9–17 years at baseline were followed prospectively for 13 years (<i>n</i> = 337). Average length of follow-up was 16 months between the first and second waves, 13 months between the second and third, and 8 years between the third and fourth. Current (3-month) psychopathology was assessed at each wave using diagnostic interviews. We derived estimates of 3-month prevalence, age at first diagnosis, course and comorbidity of disorders. Social functioning in adult life was assessed at the final wave and we assessed how prior and current disorder impacted adult functioning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A quarter of young people met criteria for a mood disorder and a third for anxiety disorder at least once. Mood and anxiety disorder prevalence increased from 4.5% and 15.8% respectively in childhood (9–11 years) to 22.3% and 20.9% respectively by age 23–28. Increased prevalence across the transition from adolescence to adulthood was particularly marked in males, while prevalence increased earlier in adolescence in females. Age at first diagnosis varied widely (mood disorder mean = 16.5 years (range 9–26); anxiety disorder mean = 14.5 years (range 9–28)). Over half (52%) reported functional impairment in early adulthood, 31% harmful alcohol use, and 10% self-harm or a suicide attempt. Both previous and current mood or anxiety disorder were associated with functional impairment in early adulthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a prolonged risk period for mood and anxiety disorders in this group, with prevalence peaking in early adulthood. This highlights the need for prolonged vigilance and effective targeted interventions in the offspring of depressed parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46679437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mothers' symptoms of anxiety and depression and the development of child temperament: A genetically informative, longitudinal investigation","authors":"Y. I. Ahmadzadeh,&nbsp;E. M. Eilertsen,&nbsp;R. Cheesman,&nbsp;C. Rayner,&nbsp;E. Ystrom,&nbsp;L. J. Hannigan,&nbsp;T. A. McAdams","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12171","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Child temperament traits and mothers' emotional symptoms relating to anxiety and depression may drive changes in one another, leading to their ‘co-development’ across time. Alternatively, links between mother and child traits may be attributable to shared genetic propensities. We explored longitudinal associations between mothers' emotional symptoms and child temperament traits and adjusted for genetic effects shared across generations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Mothers (<i>n</i> = 34,060) reported on their symptoms of anxiety and depression, and temperament among offspring (<i>n</i> = 42,526), at child ages 1.5, 3 and 5 years. Structural equation models parameterised developmental change in traits, and an extended family design adjusted for genetic effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found individual differences in stable trait scores and rate of change for all study variables. Longitudinal <i>stability</i> in mothers' emotional symptoms was associated with longitudinal <i>stability</i> in offspring emotionality (<i>r</i> = 0.143), shyness (<i>r</i> = 0.031), and sociability (<i>r</i> = −0.015). Longitudinal <i>change</i> in mothers' symptoms showed very small or negligible correlations with longitudinal <i>change</i> in child temperament. Both genetic and environmental influences explained the stable longitudinal association between mothers' symptoms and child emotionality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The studied associations between mother and child traits across time appeared to be due to stable, trait-like factors, involving genetic and environmental influence, rather than their co-development. Findings contribute knowledge on how emotional symptoms develop in families across time, and the methods with which we can explore such development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42834140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward an optimized assessment of adolescent psychopathology risk: Multilevel environmental profiles and child irritability as predictors","authors":"Qiongru Yu,&nbsp;Brianna Hernandez,&nbsp;Conner Swineford,&nbsp;Nia Walker,&nbsp;Leigha MacNeill,&nbsp;Yudong Zhang,&nbsp;Lauren S. Wakschlag,&nbsp;Jillian L. Wiggins","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12180","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescence is a developmental period during which youth experience vulnerability to psychopathology. To build the foundation for a parsimonious psychopathology risk calculator while capturing the complexity and dynamic nature of the environment, the current study aimed to identify distinct risk and resilience profiles with a wide range of environmental factors guided by Bronfenbrenner's biopsychosocial ecological system theory. The association between the early-mid childhood risk profiles and psychopathology in adolescence were examined. Moreover, the predictive utility of early childhood irritability was evaluated in addition to the risk profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data from Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study a nation-wide longitudinal study, were used in the latent profile analyses to identify the risk profiles with family, school, and neighborhood characteristics from 3 to 9 years old. To capture the socio-environmental and cultural nuances, we extracted three subsamples, including Black/African American (<i>n</i> = 2587), Hispanic/Latinx (<i>n</i> = 1577), and White (<i>n</i> = 776) for separate analyses. Risk profile memberships were used to predict adolescence psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, attention deficits, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder symptoms. The predictive utility of early childhood irritability above and beyond environmental risk profiles was evaluated using stepwise regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three risk profiles were identified in the Hispanic/Latinx and Black/African American subsamples, while four profiles were identified in White subsample. Almost all risk profile membership predicted both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, while some profiles are predictive of externalizing symptoms only. Higher level of irritability predicted higher symptomatology in all five mental health outcomes above and beyond the environmental profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Distinct risk and resilience profiles primarily driven by parent and family characteristics were identified for all three major race/ethnicity groups. Our findings lay the foundation for a more efficient multi-tiered information gathering process in mental health clinical settings to aid the decision making for intervention and prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47508406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in children's reading comprehension difficulties: A latent class approach","authors":"Emma James,&nbsp;Paul A. Thompson,&nbsp;Lucy Bowes,&nbsp;Kate Nation","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12177","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12177","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poor comprehenders are traditionally identified as having below-average reading comprehension, average-range word reading, and a discrepancy between the two. While oral language tends to be low in poor comprehenders, reading is a complex trait and heterogeneity may go undetected by group-level comparisons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We took a preregistered data-driven approach to identify poor comprehenders and examine whether multiple distinct cognitive profiles underlie their difficulties. Latent mixture modelling identified reading profiles in 6846 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, based on reading and listening comprehension assessments at 8–9 years. A second mixture model examined variation in the cognitive profiles of weak comprehenders, using measures of reading, language, working memory, nonverbal ability, and inattention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A poor comprehender profile was not identified by the preregistered model. However, by additionally controlling for overall ability, a 6-class model emerged that incorporated a profile with relatively weak comprehension (<i>N</i> = 947, 13.83%). Most of these children had weak reading comprehension in the context of good passage reading, accompanied by weaknesses in vocabulary and nonverbal ability. A small subgroup showed more severe comprehension difficulties in the context of additional cognitive impairments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Isolated impairments in specific components of reading are rare, yet a data-driven approach can be used to identify children with relatively weak comprehension. Vocabulary and nonverbal ability were most consistently weak within this group, with broader cognitive difficulties also apparent for a subset of children. These findings suggest that poor comprehension is best characterised along a continuum, and considered in light of multiple risks that influence severity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43140959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of ADHD coming of age and a plea for prospective research on causes and consequences of ADHD throughout the lifespan in multidisciplinary team science","authors":"Catharina A. Hartman","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12178","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) used to be studied at age of diagnosis–the typical time that professional help is sought and children get an ADHD diagnosis was also the time that they typically enrolled in scientific studies. As a consequence, most of our knowledge is about referred children with ADHD in middle childhood in the age range of 6–12 years. One implication of this is that for a long time ADHD research was not bothered so much by studying causes of ADHD <i>after</i> its onset—in other words, within the total of studies aimed at understanding the causes of ADHD, prospective studies in ADHD research have been rare.</p><p>The first paper that I will highlight in this editorial is by Miller et al. (<span>2023</span>) who discuss the development of ADHD in the period from conception to age of onset. They stress that for understanding the causes of ADHD prospective research prior to its onset is needed and explain that any differences observed in children with ADHD (i.e., after its onset) compared to children without ADHD may be secondary to personal and environmental alterations that are evoked by the ADHD symptoms themselves. At the same time, they point out that an onset of ADHD is gradual and the distinction between pre-onset and post-onset not clear-cut: precursor behaviors of ADHD may already evoke personal and environmental alterations. Thus, for a causal understanding of ADHD, we need to know these as well. Prospective research from conception to full clinical onset allows us to chart such alterations and their temporal sequence up to a full onset of ADHD.</p><p>The value of establishing the temporal sequence of personal and environmental alterations leading to a clinical onset of a disease cannot be underestimated. It is one element (albeit by no means a sufficient element) in establishing the causality of a risk factor (the risk factor should occur prior to the onset of the disease), and a very important one in observational research. The accumulation of knowledge as to whether a risk factor is (likely) causal is necessary if we want to target the risk factor for interventions: that is, only causal risk factors can actually influence the outcome. Prospective research charting the sequences of personal and environmental alterations in risk during the gradual unfolding of ADHD over time provides opportunities to identify mediators that are useful as intervention targets in particular developmental periods. Also, prospective research may identify protective factors, by comparing children who have the same risk profile (e.g., at conception, at birth) but one group progressing to a full clinical onset of ADHD yet another not. That is, if we only study those who already have an onset of ADHD like we used to do we can never know if onset of ADHD (particularly the impairments experienced by the children) can be prevented, postponed or reduced in severity and thus if and how a developmental trajectory heading toward onset","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}