JCPP advances最新文献

{"title":"Three year outcomes in infants with a family history of autism and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Tony Charman,&nbsp;Greg Pasco,&nbsp;Alexandra Hendry,&nbsp;Tessel Bazelmans,&nbsp;Nisha Narvekar,&nbsp;Amy Goodwin,&nbsp;Hanna Halkola,&nbsp;Mary Agyapong,&nbsp;Rebecca Holman,&nbsp;Jannath Begum Ali,&nbsp;Mutluhan Ersoy,&nbsp;Mark H. Johnson,&nbsp;Andrew Pickles,&nbsp;Emily J. H. Jones,&nbsp;The STAARS Team","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12189","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most research on early outcomes in infants with a family history (FH) of autism has focussed on categorically defined autism, although some have language and developmental delays. Less is known about outcomes in infants with a FH of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Infants with and without a FH of autism and/or ADHD, due to a first-degree relative with either or both conditions, were recruited at 5 or 10 months. Three year outcomes were characterised using latent profile analysis (LPA) across measures of cognitive ability, adaptive functioning and autism, ADHD and anxiety traits (<i>n</i> = 131). We additionally ran an LPA using only autism and ADHD measures, and the broader LPA in an independent cohort (<i>n</i> = 139) and in both cohorts combined (<i>n</i> = 270).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A Low Developmental Level + High Behavioural Concerns class had elevated autism, ADHD and anxiety scores, low cognitive and adaptive function, and included all but one child with autism. A Low Developmental Level + Typical Behaviour class had average cognitive ability and typical behaviour but low adaptive function. A Typical Developmental Level + Some Behavioural Concerns class had average cognitive and adaptive function but slightly elevated behaviour scores. A High Developmental Level + Typical Behaviour class had above average cognitive ability and typical behaviour. All four LPAs identified classes characterised by combinations of either, or both, Low Development Level and elevated behaviour scores, as well as a typically developing class. No classes had elevated autism or ADHD traits in isolation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some infants with a FH of autism or ADHD have atypical developmental and behavioural outcomes, but do not show strong autism or ADHD traits in isolation. The field needs to recalibrate aims and methods to embrace the broader transdiagnostic pattern of outcomes seen in these infants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46068947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More frequent naps are associated with lower cognitive development in a cohort of 8–38-month-old children, during the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Teodora Gliga,&nbsp;Alexandra Hendry,&nbsp;Shannon P. Kong,&nbsp;Ben Ewing,&nbsp;Catherine Davies,&nbsp;Michelle McGillion,&nbsp;Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12190","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12190","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How often a child naps, during infancy, is believed to reflect both intrinsic factors, that is, the need of an immature brain to consolidate information soon after it is acquired, and environmental factors. Difficulty accounting for important environmental factors that interfere with a child's sleep needs (e.g., attending daycare) has clouded our ability to understand the role of intrinsic drivers of napping frequency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we investigate sleep patterns in association with two measures of cognitive ability, vocabulary size, measured with the Oxford-Communicative Development Inventory (<i>N</i> = 298) and cognitive executive functions (EF), measured with the Early EF Questionnaire (<i>N</i> = 463), in a cohort of 8–38-month-olds. Importantly, because of the social distancing measures imposed during the Covid-19 Spring 2020 lockdown, in the UK, measures of sleep were taken when children did not access daycare settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find that children with more frequent but shorter naps than expected for their age had lower concurrent receptive vocabularies, lower cognitive EF and a slower increase in expressive vocabulary from spring to winter 2020, when age, sex, and SES were accounted for. The negative association between vocabulary and frequency of naps became stronger with age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that the structure of daytime sleep is an indicator of cognitive development and highlight the importance of considering environmental perturbations and age when investigating developmental correlates of sleep.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48986348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between elimination disorders and internalizing-externalizing problems in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Claudia Aymerich,&nbsp;Borja Pedruzo,&nbsp;Malein Pacho,&nbsp;Jon Herrero,&nbsp;María Laborda,&nbsp;Marta Bordenave,&nbsp;Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo,&nbsp;Eva Sesma,&nbsp;Aranzazu Fernández-Rivas,&nbsp;Ana Catalan,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel González-Torres","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12185","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elimination disorders are highly prevalent in childhood and often associated with clinically relevant comorbid psychological disorders. The aim of this study is to determine if, and to what extent, children with elimination disorders show higher internalizing and externalizing problems than their healthy peers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multistep literature search was performed from database inception until May 1st, 2022. PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42022303555) were used to identify studies reporting on internalizing and/or externalizing symptoms in children with an elimination disorder and a healthy control (HC) group. First, a systematic review was provided. Second, where data allowed for it, a quantitative meta-analysis with random effects model was conducted to analyze the differences between the elimination disorder and the HC groups for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Effect size was standardized mean difference. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of sex, age, and study quality. Funnel plots were used to detect a publication bias. Where found, the trim and fill method was used to correct it.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>36 articles were included, 32 of them reporting on enuresis (<i>n</i> = 3244; mean age = 9.4; SD = 3.4; 43.84% female) and 7 of them on encopresis (<i>n</i> = 214; mean age = 8.6; SD = 2.3; 36.24% female). Children with an elimination disorder presented significantly lower self-concept (ES:0.42; 95%CI [0.08; 9.76]; <i>p</i> = 0.017) and higher symptom scores for thought problems (ES:−0.26; 95%CI: −0.43;−0.09]; <i>p</i> = 0.003), externalizing symptoms (ES: −0.20; 95%CI [−0.37;−0.03]; <i>p</i> = 0.020), attention problems (ES:−0.37; 95%CI [−0.51;−0.22]; <i>p</i> = 0.0001), aggressive behavior (ES:−0.33; 95%CI [−0.62;−0.04]; <i>p</i> = 0.025) and social problems (ES:−0.39; 95%CI [−0.58;−0.21]; <i>p</i> = 0.0001). Significant publication biases were found across several of the studied domains. No significant effect of sex, age or quality of the study score was found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children with an elimination disorder may have significant internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as impaired self-concept. It is recommendable to screen for them in children with enuresis or encopresis and provide appropriate interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities of measuring hierarchical models of psychopathology","authors":"Erik Pettersson","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12187","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>All psychiatric phenomena are positively associated, and several different models can account for this observation. These include the correlated factors, network, general psychopathology as outcome, and hierarchical models. Advantages of hierarchical models, which consist of one general and several (general factor-residualized) specific factors, is that the general factor provides an opportunity to reliably measure global distress and impairment, while the specific factors might improve the ability to discriminate between individuals with different kinds of problems. Nevertheless, other models also have their respective advantages, and it remains challenging to empirically determine which model best accounts for the positive manifold in psychiatry. Instead, I present two non-empirical arguments in favor of hierarchical models. First, by measuring the general factor in isolation, the specific factors tend to include both favorable and unfavorable correlates, which might reduce stigma compared to psychiatric diagnoses that by and large are associated with only unfavorable outcomes. Second, the general psychopathology factor displays an unusual psychometric property in that it includes symptoms of opposite meaning if they have similar valence (e.g., self-reported symptoms such as <i>gullible</i> and <i>paranoid</i>, <i>lazy</i> and <i>workaholic</i>, and <i>terrified</i> and <i>apathetic</i> load in the same direction), which one might want to measure in isolation from variance capturing the content of symptoms. I conclude by speculating that tests designed based on hierarchical models might help clinical assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41261015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do single-case experimental designs lead to randomised controlled trials of cognitive behavioural therapy interventions for adolescent anxiety and related disorders recommended in the National Institute of Clinical Excellence guidelines? A systematic review","authors":"Tom Cawthorne,&nbsp;Anton Käll,&nbsp;Sophie Bennett,&nbsp;Elena Baker,&nbsp;Emily Cheung,&nbsp;Roz Shafran","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12181","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is effective for 60% of adolescents with anxiety disorders, only 36% are in remission post-intervention. This indicates that more effective treatments are needed which should be reflected in the NICE guidelines. We hypothesised that Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) may provide a framework for accelerating the development of novel interventions. The primary purpose of this review was to investigate whether SCEDs are currently followed by randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT intervention for adolescent anxiety disorders named in the NICE guidelines. The secondary objective was to investigate whether using SCEDs prior to RCTs could be a helpful approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the primary search of SCEDs five databases were used (PsycINFO, PubMed, PsycArticles, Web of Science and ProQuest). Nineteen articles met eligibility criteria including a total of 107 participants. For the secondary search of RCTs named in the NICE guidelines for adolescent anxiety disorders 53 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 19 SCED studies included in the review were conducted with participants with a diverse range of anxiety disorders and across a range of CBT formats. Two of the SCEDs were followed by RCTs, but neither of these were named in the NICE guidelines for anxiety disorders. All of the SCEDs identified were rated as low quality with none meeting the criteria for the highest or second highest quality rating. From the secondary searches, none of the RCTs named in the NICE guide were preceded by SCEDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was concluded that currently SCEDs were not followed by RCTs of CBT interventions named in the NICE guidelines for adolescent anxiety disorders. However, it was suggested that SCEDs may provide an important framework for the development of more effective interventions for adolescents with anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10635644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the differentiation of behavioural and emotional problems across childhood: A prospective longitudinal cohort study","authors":"Adrian Dahl Askelund,&nbsp;Helga Ask,&nbsp;Eivind Ystrom,&nbsp;Alexandra Havdahl,&nbsp;Laurie J. Hannigan","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12176","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12176","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An individual's overall burden of behavioural and emotional problems across childhood is associated with increased likelihood of later mental health conditions. However, the <i>relative</i> extent of behavioural versus emotional problems - that is, the extent to which the domains are <i>differentiated</i> from one another - may provide additional information about who is at risk of developing a mental health condition. Here, we seek to validate differentiation as an independent predictor of later mental health conditions, and to explore its aetiology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed data from ~79,000 children in the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study, and linked health-care registries. In preregistered analyses, we modelled the extent and rate of differentiation of behavioural and emotional problems between ages 1.5–5 years, and estimated associations with later symptoms (age 8) and diagnoses (after age 8). We also explored the aetiology of differentiation by estimating associations with early life exposures and, in a subset of 23,945 full siblings, assessing the impact of accounting for unobserved familial confounding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differentiation of behavioural and emotional problems was associated with later symptoms and diagnoses of mental health conditions, independent of total problems. Maternal at-risk drinking (<i>β</i> = 0.04 [0.02, 0.06]) and parental relationship problems (<i>β</i> = 0.04 [0.02, 0.05]) were associated with higher behavioural relative to emotional problems at age 5. Maternal prenatal distress (|β| = 0.04 [0.03, 0.06]), concurrent distress (|β| = 0.04 [0.02, 0.06]) and parental education (|β| = 0.05 [0.04, 0.07]) predicted higher emotional relative to behavioural problems at age 5. Estimates for maternal prenatal distress and at-risk drinking were consistent across both unadjusted and adjusted analyses accounting for unobserved familial risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differentiation of behavioural and emotional problems in early childhood represents a valid source of inter-individual variability linked to the later emergence of psychopathology and may be relevant for early detection and prevention strategies for mental health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41589575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we diagnose mental disorders in children? A large-scale assessment of machine learning on structural neuroimaging of 6916 children in the adolescent brain cognitive development study","authors":"Richard Gaus,&nbsp;Sebastian Pölsterl,&nbsp;Ellen Greimel,&nbsp;Gerd Schulte-Körne,&nbsp;Christian Wachinger","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12184","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12184","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prediction of mental disorders based on neuroimaging is an emerging area of research with promising first results in adults. However, research on the unique demographic of children is underrepresented and it is doubtful whether findings obtained on adults can be transferred to children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from 6916 children aged 9–10 in the multicenter Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, we extracted 136 regional volume and thickness measures from structural magnetic resonance images to rigorously evaluate the capabilities of machine learning to predict 10 different psychiatric disorders: major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder (BD), psychotic symptoms, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder. For each disorder, we performed cross-validation and assessed whether models discovered a true pattern in the data via permutation testing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two of 10 disorders can be detected with statistical significance when using advanced models that (i) allow for non-linear relationships between neuroanatomy and disorder, (ii) model interdependencies between disorders, and (iii) avoid confounding due to sociodemographic factors: ADHD (AUROC = 0.567, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and BD (AUROC = 0.551, <i>p</i> = 0.002). In contrast, traditional models perform consistently worse and predict only ADHD with statistical significance (AUROC = 0.529, <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While the modest absolute classification performance does not warrant application in the clinic, our results provide empirical evidence that embracing and explicitly accounting for the complexities of mental disorders via advanced machine learning models can discover patterns that would remain hidden with traditional models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46256349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Following the children of depressed parents from childhood to adult life: A focus on mood and anxiety disorders","authors":"Victoria Powell,&nbsp;Jessica Lennon,&nbsp;Rhys Bevan Jones,&nbsp;Alice Stephens,&nbsp;Bryony Weavers,&nbsp;David Osborn,&nbsp;Judith Allardyce,&nbsp;Robert Potter,&nbsp;Ajay Thapar,&nbsp;Stephan Collishaw,&nbsp;Anita Thapar,&nbsp;Jon Heron,&nbsp;Frances Rice","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12182","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parental depression increases risk for anxiety and depression in offspring. The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a common risk period for onset of such disorders. However, relatively few studies have considered development of these disorders from childhood to adulthood including multiple assessments during this transition period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Offspring of depressed parents aged 9–17 years at baseline were followed prospectively for 13 years (<i>n</i> = 337). Average length of follow-up was 16 months between the first and second waves, 13 months between the second and third, and 8 years between the third and fourth. Current (3-month) psychopathology was assessed at each wave using diagnostic interviews. We derived estimates of 3-month prevalence, age at first diagnosis, course and comorbidity of disorders. Social functioning in adult life was assessed at the final wave and we assessed how prior and current disorder impacted adult functioning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A quarter of young people met criteria for a mood disorder and a third for anxiety disorder at least once. Mood and anxiety disorder prevalence increased from 4.5% and 15.8% respectively in childhood (9–11 years) to 22.3% and 20.9% respectively by age 23–28. Increased prevalence across the transition from adolescence to adulthood was particularly marked in males, while prevalence increased earlier in adolescence in females. Age at first diagnosis varied widely (mood disorder mean = 16.5 years (range 9–26); anxiety disorder mean = 14.5 years (range 9–28)). Over half (52%) reported functional impairment in early adulthood, 31% harmful alcohol use, and 10% self-harm or a suicide attempt. Both previous and current mood or anxiety disorder were associated with functional impairment in early adulthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a prolonged risk period for mood and anxiety disorders in this group, with prevalence peaking in early adulthood. This highlights the need for prolonged vigilance and effective targeted interventions in the offspring of depressed parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46679437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mothers' symptoms of anxiety and depression and the development of child temperament: A genetically informative, longitudinal investigation","authors":"Y. I. Ahmadzadeh,&nbsp;E. M. Eilertsen,&nbsp;R. Cheesman,&nbsp;C. Rayner,&nbsp;E. Ystrom,&nbsp;L. J. Hannigan,&nbsp;T. A. McAdams","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12171","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Child temperament traits and mothers' emotional symptoms relating to anxiety and depression may drive changes in one another, leading to their ‘co-development’ across time. Alternatively, links between mother and child traits may be attributable to shared genetic propensities. We explored longitudinal associations between mothers' emotional symptoms and child temperament traits and adjusted for genetic effects shared across generations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Mothers (<i>n</i> = 34,060) reported on their symptoms of anxiety and depression, and temperament among offspring (<i>n</i> = 42,526), at child ages 1.5, 3 and 5 years. Structural equation models parameterised developmental change in traits, and an extended family design adjusted for genetic effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found individual differences in stable trait scores and rate of change for all study variables. Longitudinal <i>stability</i> in mothers' emotional symptoms was associated with longitudinal <i>stability</i> in offspring emotionality (<i>r</i> = 0.143), shyness (<i>r</i> = 0.031), and sociability (<i>r</i> = −0.015). Longitudinal <i>change</i> in mothers' symptoms showed very small or negligible correlations with longitudinal <i>change</i> in child temperament. Both genetic and environmental influences explained the stable longitudinal association between mothers' symptoms and child emotionality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The studied associations between mother and child traits across time appeared to be due to stable, trait-like factors, involving genetic and environmental influence, rather than their co-development. Findings contribute knowledge on how emotional symptoms develop in families across time, and the methods with which we can explore such development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42834140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward an optimized assessment of adolescent psychopathology risk: Multilevel environmental profiles and child irritability as predictors","authors":"Qiongru Yu,&nbsp;Brianna Hernandez,&nbsp;Conner Swineford,&nbsp;Nia Walker,&nbsp;Leigha MacNeill,&nbsp;Yudong Zhang,&nbsp;Lauren S. Wakschlag,&nbsp;Jillian L. Wiggins","doi":"10.1002/jcv2.12180","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcv2.12180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescence is a developmental period during which youth experience vulnerability to psychopathology. To build the foundation for a parsimonious psychopathology risk calculator while capturing the complexity and dynamic nature of the environment, the current study aimed to identify distinct risk and resilience profiles with a wide range of environmental factors guided by Bronfenbrenner's biopsychosocial ecological system theory. The association between the early-mid childhood risk profiles and psychopathology in adolescence were examined. Moreover, the predictive utility of early childhood irritability was evaluated in addition to the risk profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data from Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study a nation-wide longitudinal study, were used in the latent profile analyses to identify the risk profiles with family, school, and neighborhood characteristics from 3 to 9 years old. To capture the socio-environmental and cultural nuances, we extracted three subsamples, including Black/African American (<i>n</i> = 2587), Hispanic/Latinx (<i>n</i> = 1577), and White (<i>n</i> = 776) for separate analyses. Risk profile memberships were used to predict adolescence psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, attention deficits, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder symptoms. The predictive utility of early childhood irritability above and beyond environmental risk profiles was evaluated using stepwise regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three risk profiles were identified in the Hispanic/Latinx and Black/African American subsamples, while four profiles were identified in White subsample. Almost all risk profile membership predicted both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, while some profiles are predictive of externalizing symptoms only. Higher level of irritability predicted higher symptomatology in all five mental health outcomes above and beyond the environmental profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Distinct risk and resilience profiles primarily driven by parent and family characteristics were identified for all three major race/ethnicity groups. Our findings lay the foundation for a more efficient multi-tiered information gathering process in mental health clinical settings to aid the decision making for intervention and prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73542,"journal":{"name":"JCPP advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcv2.12180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47508406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}