International journal of applied positive psychology最新文献

{"title":"Changing Minds: An RCT of a Growth Mindset Intervention on Depressive Symptoms and Well-being in Adolescent Girls and Boys","authors":"Jessie A.L. Heaman, Kathlyn M. Cherry, C. Meghan McMurtry, Benjamin Giguère, Margaret N. Lumley","doi":"10.1007/s41042-023-00128-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00128-z","url":null,"abstract":"Single session growth mindset interventions can limit the development of depressive symptoms among high school students, yet, few studies have examined whether these interventions affect well-being or differ depending on gender. This study examined the effects of a growth mindset of personality intervention on primary outcomes of depressive symptoms and well-being (i.e., subjective happiness and life satisfaction) in adolescent girls and boys. In a parallel, 2(time) x 2(condition) x 2(gender), randomized control trial using 1:1 blinded allocation, participants were assigned to an experimental (growth mindset of personality) or control intervention (growth mindset of athletic ability). English speaking students in grade 9 and 12 (ages 13–18 years) at three high schools in Ontario, Canada were recruited, and reported depressive symptoms and well-being at baseline and 4-months follow-up. Of 472 participants, 318 participants (58% girls, 60.8% white, M age = 14.9 years) returned for follow-up and were analyzed (experimental, n = 167; control, n = 152). A three-way interaction was identified (F(1,308) = 6.81, p = .01, η2 = 0.022) such that girls endorsed reduced depressive symptoms at follow-up in the experimental condition (d = 0.31), but no such change was observed in boys (d = 0.07). The experimental intervention had no effect on subjective happiness, and effects on life satisfaction require further investigation. Single session growth mindset interventions may be helpful for depressive symptoms in adolescent girls. Future research should examine longer follow-ups and explore intervention features most applicable to boys. Clinical trial registration #: NCT04133389.","PeriodicalId":73424,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied positive psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Optimism, Causal Thinking, and Karma Beliefs with PTSD and Depression 8 Years After the Tsunami in Sri Lanka","authors":"Xueyan Zhang, Jimin Hwang, Pubudu Ranasinghe, Udaynagani Ramadasa, Becca R. Levy, Padmini D. Ranasinghe","doi":"10.1007/s41042-023-00124-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00124-3","url":null,"abstract":"In 2004, the Indian Ocean tsunami struck Asia and caused high mortality, displacement, and psychological trauma in Sri Lanka. Previous studies have found that optimism protects against PTSD and depression, whereas pessimistic causal thinking and karma beliefs are associated with depression soon after a trauma. The objective of this study is to examine whether these factors continue to be associated with psychological health among Sri Lankan coastal residents 8 years after the tsunami. A semi-structured survey was conducted in 5 coastal districts. Three hundred twenty-five participants had direct exposure to the tsunami whereas 105 were indirectly or non-exposed. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between the three psychological predictors and health outcomes, adjusting for relevant covariates including exposure to the tsunami, gender, age, education, and health before the tsunami. Optimism showed an association with lower depression and better self-reported health. Belief in karma was associated with a higher risk of PTSD symptoms. Internal attribution style was associated with PTSD and depression as well. These findings suggest that optimism, causal thinking, and karma belief play a role in long-term psychological health after a disaster and should be studied further and targeted for interventions.","PeriodicalId":73424,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied positive psychology","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135852996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Psychology in a Secular Age: Exploring the Influence of Secularization on the Ideological Underpinnings of the Positive Psychology Movement","authors":"Charles H. Hackney","doi":"10.1007/s41042-023-00131-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00131-4","url":null,"abstract":"Psychologists’ assumptions about the world influence theory creation, hypothesis testing, and practical applications. In A Secular Age, Charles Taylor describes how the historical process of secularization has shaped the worldviews of those living in the modern West, and how the particularities of that process have influenced our (implicit or explicit) theories of the human condition. Within this worldview, human nature is seen as understandable and describable without transcendent referents, and human flourishing is described in terms of authenticity and personal satisfaction. In this article, I continue the ongoing discussion regarding the ideological underpinnings of the positive psychology movement by connecting them to the process of secularization in the West. I argue that Western secularity influences the vision of flourishing that shapes theory, research, and application within the positive psychology movement. Psychologists and mental health professionals should be aware that our empirical and practical work runs the risk of imposing a vision of human flourishing that is particular to our current historical and geographic milieu, rather than being necessarily true of all of humanity.","PeriodicalId":73424,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied positive psychology","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: All for one, one for all: Compassionate goal orientation, social support, and work engagement","authors":"Lena Etzel, Alyssa K. McGonagle, Lydia G. Roos, Jan T. Mooney","doi":"10.1007/s41042-023-00130-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00130-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73424,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied positive psychology","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-compassion as a Mechanism to Facilitate the Adjustment of first-year Students to University Environments","authors":"Pravani Naidoo, Maroné Oosthuizen","doi":"10.1007/s41042-023-00129-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00129-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite high enrolment rates at higher education institutions, a perturbing number of first-year university students discontinue their studies. As first-year students constitute a vulnerable group, it is important to investigate ways in which to facilitate their adjustment to university. Extant research within student populations, including first-year students, deems self-compassion to be a robust protective factor in adjustment to university. However, studies rely largely on quantitative research designs, overlooking the voices and everyday experiences of first-year students. Accordingly, this study aimed to qualitatively explore experiences and practices of self-compassion amongst first-year students when faced with the challenges of adjusting to university. To capture in-depth, rich, thick contextual data, 12 South African first-year students participated in semi-structured interviews in their first semester, while follow-up interviews were conducted with 9 participants in the second semester. Themes generated through reflexive thematic analysis highlighted the yin and yang of self-compassion as a valuable conceptual tool to understand and promote first-year students’ experiences and practices of self-compassion. Further, students’ experiences of self-compassion are more nuanced and contradictory than previous research has indicated. Lastly, receiving social support and being self-compassionate constitute reciprocal processes that students engage with in distinct ways, affecting both the depth and breadth of their experiences. Based on this research, self-compassion is vital for strengths-based mental health programmes amongst first-year students. Programmes should promote the practice of the yin and the yang of self-compassion, foster an accepting approach to experiences, and recognise the nuanced, potentially contradictory nature of self-compassion.","PeriodicalId":73424,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied positive psychology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135833996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience and Loss: The Correlation of Grief and Gratitude","authors":"John Elfers, Patty Hlava, Farrah Sharpe, Sonia Arreguin, Dawn Celeste McGregor","doi":"10.1007/s41042-023-00126-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00126-1","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the relationship between cultivating gratitude and coping with grief. The primary research question guiding this study was: What is the correlation between resilience in grief, transcendent gratitude, and nondual awareness? Five measures were administered to collect data for this study: Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory, Adult Attitude to Grief Scale, Gratitude Questionnaire 6, Transpersonal Gratitude Scale and Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment. A diverse demographic pool of survey respondents (n = 619) was recruited to determine what correlations might emerge from the data. Bivariate correlational analysis revealed strong correlations among total scores and specific subscales of grief, gratitude, and nondual awareness. Subscale correlations suggested positive correlations among transcendence, valuing a relationship, resilience, and personal growth; and negative correlations with efforts to control the overwhelming emotions associated with grief. Nondual awareness showed moderate correlations with resilience and personal growth, pointing to the centrality of whole-person transcendence in the association of gratitude with flourishing after profound loss. A regression model demonstrated that gratitude and nondual awareness predicted resilience in coping with grief. Conclusions include the potential value of pre-loss cultivation gratitude to enhancing competence in coping with grief.","PeriodicalId":73424,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied positive psychology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136011544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining PPI Domains and Targeting Cognitive Mechanisms: A Failed Proof-of-Concept for PPI Research","authors":"Bryant M. Stone, David G. Gilbert","doi":"10.1007/s41042-023-00118-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00118-1","url":null,"abstract":"Positive psychological interventions (PPIs) are activities that target positive variables (e.g., gratitude or kindness) to elicit a positive response in a population, such as improving adaptive functioning, promoting well-being, reducing depression, or enhancing quality of life. Despite several decades of evidence, a meta-analysis by White et al. (2019) concluded that the effect sizes of PPIs may be smaller than previously recorded and that their effects on depression may be generally nonsignificant. In the current study, we created a new PPI, called the Best-Self PPI (BS-PPI), to provide a proof-of-concept of two relatively unexplored properties of PPIs that may enhance effect sizes, which are: (1) combining PPI domains (i.e., multiple targeted positive variables) into a single intervention and (2) designing PPIs to target cognitive mechanisms of change. Using a double-masked procedure, we randomly assigned undergraduate students (n = 133) between the ages of 18 and 32 (Mage = 19.97, SD = 1.66; women; n = 85, 63.9%; White: n = 87, 65.41%) to complete either the BS-PPI – containing elements of meaning, character strengths, and optimism – or a control condition before completing measures of depression, psychological well-being, and affect. One day later, the participants completed a measure of affect and the Self-Referential Encoding Task, a behavioral measure of self-referential processing bias, which is the strength and the valance of the words one uses to describe oneself, to test the potential of targeting a cognitive mechanism of change. One week later, participants completed measures of depression, psychological well-being, and affect. The results suggest the BS-PPI did not affect depression, well-being, or affect compared to the control group despite the consistency of this study with many other PPI studies (e.g., sample size, design, and population), which aligns with the White et al. (2019) meta-analysis. We discuss the implications of this failed proof-of-concept for PPI research and recommendations for moving forward with these relatively unexplored properties.","PeriodicalId":73424,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied positive psychology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Contextual Approach to Designing, Implementing, and Adapting a Wellbeing Program: A case Study of the MARKERS Wellbeing Program for Educators","authors":"Rachel Cann, Claire Sinnema, Alan J. Daly, Joelle Rodway","doi":"10.1007/s41042-023-00123-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00123-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Improving educator wellbeing presents a complex challenge due to the variety of influences on wellbeing at the individual, relational, and contextual (school and policy) levels. This complexity contributes to the gap between the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions (PPIs) and their real-world success. To bridge this gap, it is essential to understand and adapt to school context when integrating psychological interventions into educational settings. This study addresses this gap through an approach to developing an educator wellbeing program that embraces the idea of understanding and adapting to context. We use a theory of change approach to designing a program, that outlines the context, design rationale, activities, and outcomes of the program. The program is multi-level, targeting influences on educator wellbeing at the individual, relational, and contextual (school) levels. Additionally, it employs a multi-foci strategy, encompassing a range of activities that target different levels and allow for adaptation. We present a case study of program implementation in one school, exploring contextual factors, adapting the program accordingly, and evaluating the degree to which theory of change outcomes were achieved. Program participants experienced improved wellbeing and a relational space characterised by more positive interactions with colleagues. This design and case study contribute to the ongoing discourse on progressing towards context-specific, whole-school approaches to wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":73424,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied positive psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135061113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psychometric Properties of the Psychological Work Immersion Scale: An ESEM vs ICM-CFA Approach","authors":"Llewellyn E. van Zyl, Dieter Veldsman","doi":"10.1007/s41042-023-00121-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00121-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Psychological Work Immersion Scale (PWIS) scale within global organisational contexts. Data were gathered from 19134 working adults in the US, the UK, the Middle East, Africa, and Australia. To determine the best-fitting factorial model, a series of traditional ICM-CFA and less restrictive ESEM models were estimated and systematically compared. The results showed that a bifactor ESEM model, with one general factor of overall psychological work immersion and nine specific factors (strategic connection, manager credibility, appreciative feedback, enabling environment, team relations, strength use, employee voice, recognition and rewards, personal development) fitted the data best, was reliable and showed strong measurement invariance across genders and levels of education. The results show that psychological work immersion is a multidimensional construct that is both a function of yet separate from a dynamic interaction between the nine performance-enhancing conditions or enablers. Therefore, The PWIS can be used to measure psychological work immersion validly and reliably and could be used to make meaningful latent mean comparisons between genders and different levels of education.","PeriodicalId":73424,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied positive psychology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135153081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Power of Sharing Joy in Same-sex Friendships: Investigating the Association between Capitalization, Sense of Uniqueness, Happiness and Depression","authors":"Tubanur Bayram Kuzgun, Meliksah Demir, Aliye Canan Taslioglu Sayiner, Omer Faruk Simsek","doi":"10.1007/s41042-023-00125-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00125-2","url":null,"abstract":"Although uniqueness has various definitions in the literature, the personal sense of uniqueness, defined as the perception of unconditional self-worth, contributes positively to mental health. Research has found that perceived responses to capitalization attempts and the sense of uniqueness are negatively associated with depression and positively associated with happiness. Our study was conducted with an emerging adult sample from various ethnicities (N = 557) and investigated the sense of uniqueness as the mediator of perceived responses to capitalization attempts in friendships and mental health. The models demonstrated that the correlations between perceived responses to capitalization attempts and both happiness and depression were mediated by the sense of uniqueness. The results were discussed by considering the role of uniqueness in the capitalization process. Also, suggestions for future research were provided.","PeriodicalId":73424,"journal":{"name":"International journal of applied positive psychology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135742006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}