Advances in Human Biology最新文献_第5页

Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus chain reaction on renal system 胰岛素抵抗与2型糖尿病肾系统连锁反应

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Advances in Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_4_23

Mainul Haque, Susmita Sinha

引用次数: 0

Early lactate clearance in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis admitted in the paediatric intensive care unit 早期乳酸清除率预测儿科重症监护病房脓毒症患者的住院死亡率

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Advances in Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_127_21

Janani Dinakaran, S. Yadav, Saurabh V. Patel

{"title":"Early lactate clearance in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis admitted in the paediatric intensive care unit","authors":"Janani Dinakaran, S. Yadav, Saurabh V. Patel","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_127_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_127_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mortality due to sepsis is increasing in the PICUs of India. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the prognostic value of lactate level at the time of admission and lactate clearance for mortality in sepsis and estimate its cut-off value of predicting mortality. This study also aimed to estimate the correlation between lactate clearance with PRISM III score (Pediatric Risk of Mortality score) and duration of stay. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study on 150 patients admitted with severe inflammatory response syndrome with a probable infection in the paediatric intensive care unit with an estimation of serial lactate levels in the blood at 0–3 h, 24 h and 48 h of admission. Lactate clearance was calculated, and patients were followed up till discharge/death. Results: Out of 150 patients, there were 94 survivors and 56 non-survivors; the mean lactate clearance at 24 h was 6.16% in non-survivors, which was lower than survivors at 28.41%. The cut-off value of lactate clearance for predicting mortality was estimated to be 17.6%. PRISM III score and lactate clearance were inversely related. The duration of intensive care unit stay was more in non-survivors with low lactate clearance. Conclusion: Lactate clearance can be used as a prognostic measure for mortality in patients with sepsis and can be used as a guide for treatment.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"187 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43199134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epistemic trespassing into uncharted territory 认识主义侵入未知领域

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Advances in Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_199_22

M. Saghiri, Julia Vakhnovetsky

引用次数: 0

Histomorphometric and histological assessments of transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in busulfan-induced azoospermic testis of mice 脂肪组织源性干细胞移植于布苏芬诱导的小鼠无精子睾丸的组织形态学和组织学评价

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Advances in Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_161_21

A. Payehdar, S. Hosseini, D. Mehrabani

{"title":"Histomorphometric and histological assessments of transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in busulfan-induced azoospermic testis of mice","authors":"A. Payehdar, S. Hosseini, D. Mehrabani","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_161_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_161_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells, such as adipose tissue-derived stem cells (Ad-SCs), are an appropriate source for cell therapy because of their differentiating properties and secretion of growth factors. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of transplantation of Ad-SCs in busulfan-induced azoospermic testes of mice, histomorphometric and histologically. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male mice were randomly divided into four equal groups, including the control, azoospermia-induced, and two Ad-SCs transplanted groups sacrificed after 60 and 150 days, respectively. To induce azoospermia, animals received two doses of busulfan (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at 21 days' intervals. Ad-SCs were injected 35 days after the last busulfan injection into the efferent duct of the testis. The cells were isolated from the inguinal adipose tissue of two donor mice. The sacrificed mice were evaluated histomorphometric and histologically. Results: In histomorphometric evaluation, the spermatogenesis index of the Ad-SCs transplanted group after 60 and 150 days did not show any significant difference. At the same time, the index was significantly more than the control group. Most of the seminiferous tubules in the Ad-SCs group after 60 and 150 days were normal in morphology and spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis was absent in the busulfan-induced group. Conclusion: Our findings based on a histological and histomorphometric study on transplantation of Ad-SCs in mice that recovered spermatogenesis in busulfan-induced azoospermic testes can be added to the literature on the effect of stem cells in the treatment of infertility.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"192 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44482500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The association between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation: A meta-analysis 前置胎盘与臀位风险的相关性：一项荟萃分析

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Advances in Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_171_21

E. Jenabi, M. Afshari

{"title":"The association between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation: A meta-analysis","authors":"E. Jenabi, M. Afshari","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_171_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_171_21","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous observational studies have described that placenta previa can increase the risk of breech presentation. To date, no meta-analysis has been conducted to determine the association between placenta previa and increased risk of breech presentation. Therefore, we have done a meta-analysis based on epidemiologic evidence of the association between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation. A literature search was done in key databases PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus to April 2020. The heterogeneity was evaluated by Q-test and I2 statistic. The publication bias was measured using the Begg's and Egger's tests. The results were presented by odds ratio (OR) estimate with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. The literature review involved 466 articles until April 2020 with 1,972,511 participants. There was a significant relation between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation based on adjusted studies (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.76). To our knowledge, this was the first study that indicated placenta previa is a risk factor for breech presentation. Other studies are needed to identify which mothers with a history of placenta previa are at increased risk of breech presentation.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"164 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47646363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Broad-spectrum antifungal activity of Phyllanthus niruri leaves tested against Candida species 下珠叶对念珠菌的广谱抗真菌活性研究

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Advances in Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_131_22

S. Khan, Mastan Singh, V. Khare, Mir Yousufuddin Ali Khan, T. Raza, Prashant Gupta

{"title":"Broad-spectrum antifungal activity of Phyllanthus niruri leaves tested against Candida species","authors":"S. Khan, Mastan Singh, V. Khare, Mir Yousufuddin Ali Khan, T. Raza, Prashant Gupta","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_131_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_131_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The emergence of resistant pathogenic microorganisms against conventional antimicrobials has become a global concern. To combat new and re-emerging infectious illnesses, new antimicrobial agents with different chemical structures and novel modes of action are required. Therefore, this study evaluated ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri for their antimicrobial activities against Candida species isolated from different clinical samples. Materials and Methods: This involved the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for the identification of Candida species. The ethanolic extraction of P. niruri leaves was examined. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antifungal activity of the leaf extracts against standard American Type Culture Collection strains as well as clinical isolates of Candida species. Results: Using PCR-RFLP, Candida tropicalis was found to be the most prevalent species of Candida, followed by Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The ethanol extract of P. nirui leaves showed good activity against all the clinical and standard strains of Candida which were comparable to the standard drug fluconazole. The activity of P. niruri against C. albicans was highest followed by C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the use of P. niruri plant to treat Candida infections, particularly fluconazole-resistant Candida species.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"199 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43455300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution of alveolar bone defects associated with periodontitis: A demographic study 牙周炎相关牙槽骨缺损的分布：一项人口学研究

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Advances in Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_96_21

Shivani Sachdeva, Amit Mani, M. Phadnaik, H. Saluja

{"title":"Distribution of alveolar bone defects associated with periodontitis: A demographic study","authors":"Shivani Sachdeva, Amit Mani, M. Phadnaik, H. Saluja","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_96_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_96_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Periodontal disease is one of the most widespread diseases of humankind. It is a chronic destructive infectious disease that involves the resorption of bone supporting the teeth. The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence and distribution of different forms of bone defects amongst different demographics in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 44 patients of different age groups with moderate and severe periodontitis chronic periodontitis. A total sample of 1041 teeth were explored surgically and classified into suprabony, infrabony, inter-radicular and other bone defects. This study focuses on the differences in the distribution of various bone defects between different groups of age and gender. Results: Amongst 1041 teeth, the prevalence of bone defects was 97%. Craters and intrabony defects were almost equal for the age groups of 31–40 years and 41–50 years. However, in the age group of 51–60 years, craters comprised 33.3%, and intrabony defects comprised 66.7%. Males had two times more 3-wall defects than females. Conclusion: The present study reveals that there is a need for applying epidemiological principles to periodontal bone defects in order to better understand the natural history of periodontal disease and eradicate the factors responsible for their commencement and progression. The following research article has been presented at the 2nd international congress of the World Academy of Growth Factors and Stem Cells in Dentistry 25–27 October 2018.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"23 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45166673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon beta compared to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: A retrospective observational study 洛匹那韦/利托那韦联合干扰素β与羟氯喹治疗COVID-19的疗效比较:回顾性观察研究

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Advances in Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_70_22

Motahare Amirizadeh, F. Sarvestani, F. Khorrami, O. Safa, P. Davoodian, Mehdi Hassaniazad, Boshra Akhlaghi, M. Fathalipour

{"title":"Efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon beta compared to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: A retrospective observational study","authors":"Motahare Amirizadeh, F. Sarvestani, F. Khorrami, O. Safa, P. Davoodian, Mehdi Hassaniazad, Boshra Akhlaghi, M. Fathalipour","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_70_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_70_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although a long time past since COVID-19 was broken out, it is hard to determine which pharmacological combination regimen is more efficacious. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) plus interferon (IFN) beta-1a regimen compared to the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) regimen in moderately ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: A multiple-centre retrospective observational case-controlled study was performed between March and September 2020, including adults with confirmed COVID-19. The patients were categorised into age- and sex-matched two groups; LPV/r plus IFN beta-1a (n = 102) and HCQ (n = 298) regimens. Clinical outcomes and mortality rates were compared between the groups. Results: LPV/r plus interferon (INF) beta-1a regimen had improved none of the clinical outcomes and mortality rate compared to the HCQ regimen. The length of stay (LOS) in the hospital and the need for oxygen therapy were slightly worse in the LPV/r plus INF beta-1a regimen (4.73 ± 2.93 days, 63%) than in the HCQ group (3.74 ± 3.30 days, 48.3%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in care of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, LOS in ICU, the need for non-invasive ventilation and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation as well as in-hospital mortality rate. Conclusions: LPV/r plus IFN beta-1a regimen did not show any meaningful improvement in clinical outcomes or mortality compared to the HCQ regimen. Larger randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy of this combination further.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"107 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47708698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of gene-xpert in paediatric tuberculous meningitis cases: A hospital-based study 儿童结核性脑膜炎病例基因专家评价:一项基于医院的研究

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Advances in Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_69_22

Sweta Muni, A. Gupta, Deepak Pankaj, Rakesh Kumar, Shailesh Kumar, N. Kumari

{"title":"Evaluation of gene-xpert in paediatric tuberculous meningitis cases: A hospital-based study","authors":"Sweta Muni, A. Gupta, Deepak Pankaj, Rakesh Kumar, Shailesh Kumar, N. Kumari","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_69_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_69_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) among extra-pulmonary organs. The diagnosis of TBM can be considered a double sword in low-resource settings. On one side, there is poor access to health-care services, limited diagnostic capacity, and poor affordability. These factors hamper early treatment initiation while in high-resource settings, clinical suspicion towards TBM is considered minimal, and this lack of recognition many times leads to treatment delay. Xpert MTB/RIF test has come up as the diagnostic rescue with overall sensitivities exceeding 80% and specificity up to 100%. Materials and Methods: An observational study was done on 368 children up to 14 years of either gender with suspected TBM in 18 months. This whole duration was consumed in the planning of the study, obtaining ethical clearance, data collection, data analysis and report writing. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected by lumbar puncture. Samples from all patients underwent testing based on GeneXpert, Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) stain and mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture. IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 321 patients were included in the analysis. The male-to-female ratio was 1.55, thus showing a male preponderance. The majority belonged to Hinduism. The median age was 7.5 years. Based on clinical assessment and radiology, 48 patients were diagnosed with confirmed and probable TBM. Overall, the sensitivity of Gene Xpert, ZN smear and MGIT was 68.75%, 4.2% and 75.0%, respectively. Rifampicin sensitivity of the isolated organism was reported, and it was found that 18 out of 33 patients, implying 54.5% of patients were resistant to rifampicin. Conclusion: Till today, TBM poses a life-threatening situation despite advances made in the diagnosis have been achieved. In this context, Gene Xpert represents a step forward.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"100 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45031656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioural Survey Regarding Oral Hygiene Practices amongst Rural and Urban Population of Ahmedabad City, Gujarat: A Comparative Study 古吉拉特邦艾哈迈达巴德市城乡人口口腔卫生知识、态度和行为调查:一项比较研究

Advances in Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_30_23

EshitaDasharathbhai Patel, HiralAkshat Parikh, KeyurH Joshi, Prerna Soni, Alay Unjia, Maahi Soni, Isha Mehta

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioural Survey Regarding Oral Hygiene Practices amongst Rural and Urban Population of Ahmedabad City, Gujarat: A Comparative Study","authors":"EshitaDasharathbhai Patel, HiralAkshat Parikh, KeyurH Joshi, Prerna Soni, Alay Unjia, Maahi Soni, Isha Mehta","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_30_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_30_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: It is thought that oral hygiene can be influenced by socioeconomic status to some extent. People with higher socioeconomic status often have better access to resources and opportunities, which can impact their oral hygiene practices and overall dental health. Hence, this study assessed knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding oral health amongst the adult population in urban and rural populations of Ahmedabad city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out amongst the urban and rural segments of Ahmedabad district. The zones of the district and participants were selected by systematic random sampling method. The participants in the Ahmedabad district were selected, and those 204 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were considered. A validated questionnaire was designed in our study so as to satisfy the quality, attain the objective of our study and make the study effective. Results: About 70.42% of the rural population and 77.30% of the urban population has good knowledge, while only 36.1% of the rural population and 47.16% of the urban population had a positive attitude towards oral hygiene practices. 61.27% of the rural population and 64.81% of the urban population showed positive behaviour. The absence of correlation was identified between knowledge-attitude and attitude-behaviour. Conclusion: It has been found that a massive number of the urban population possess a higher level of knowledge and attitude towards oral health than the rural population. No linear positive correlation was seen in knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards oral health.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135441151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0