Advances in Human Biology最新文献

{"title":"Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus chain reaction on renal system","authors":"Mainul Haque, Susmita Sinha","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_4_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_4_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"159 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41447521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early lactate clearance in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis admitted in the paediatric intensive care unit","authors":"Janani Dinakaran, S. Yadav, Saurabh V. Patel","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_127_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_127_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mortality due to sepsis is increasing in the PICUs of India. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the prognostic value of lactate level at the time of admission and lactate clearance for mortality in sepsis and estimate its cut-off value of predicting mortality. This study also aimed to estimate the correlation between lactate clearance with PRISM III score (Pediatric Risk of Mortality score) and duration of stay. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study on 150 patients admitted with severe inflammatory response syndrome with a probable infection in the paediatric intensive care unit with an estimation of serial lactate levels in the blood at 0–3 h, 24 h and 48 h of admission. Lactate clearance was calculated, and patients were followed up till discharge/death. Results: Out of 150 patients, there were 94 survivors and 56 non-survivors; the mean lactate clearance at 24 h was 6.16% in non-survivors, which was lower than survivors at 28.41%. The cut-off value of lactate clearance for predicting mortality was estimated to be 17.6%. PRISM III score and lactate clearance were inversely related. The duration of intensive care unit stay was more in non-survivors with low lactate clearance. Conclusion: Lactate clearance can be used as a prognostic measure for mortality in patients with sepsis and can be used as a guide for treatment.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"187 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43199134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epistemic trespassing into uncharted territory","authors":"M. Saghiri, Julia Vakhnovetsky","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_199_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_199_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"227 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43856596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histomorphometric and histological assessments of transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in busulfan-induced azoospermic testis of mice","authors":"A. Payehdar, S. Hosseini, D. Mehrabani","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_161_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_161_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells, such as adipose tissue-derived stem cells (Ad-SCs), are an appropriate source for cell therapy because of their differentiating properties and secretion of growth factors. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of transplantation of Ad-SCs in busulfan-induced azoospermic testes of mice, histomorphometric and histologically. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male mice were randomly divided into four equal groups, including the control, azoospermia-induced, and two Ad-SCs transplanted groups sacrificed after 60 and 150 days, respectively. To induce azoospermia, animals received two doses of busulfan (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at 21 days' intervals. Ad-SCs were injected 35 days after the last busulfan injection into the efferent duct of the testis. The cells were isolated from the inguinal adipose tissue of two donor mice. The sacrificed mice were evaluated histomorphometric and histologically. Results: In histomorphometric evaluation, the spermatogenesis index of the Ad-SCs transplanted group after 60 and 150 days did not show any significant difference. At the same time, the index was significantly more than the control group. Most of the seminiferous tubules in the Ad-SCs group after 60 and 150 days were normal in morphology and spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis was absent in the busulfan-induced group. Conclusion: Our findings based on a histological and histomorphometric study on transplantation of Ad-SCs in mice that recovered spermatogenesis in busulfan-induced azoospermic testes can be added to the literature on the effect of stem cells in the treatment of infertility.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"192 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44482500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation: A meta-analysis","authors":"E. Jenabi, M. Afshari","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_171_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_171_21","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous observational studies have described that placenta previa can increase the risk of breech presentation. To date, no meta-analysis has been conducted to determine the association between placenta previa and increased risk of breech presentation. Therefore, we have done a meta-analysis based on epidemiologic evidence of the association between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation. A literature search was done in key databases PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus to April 2020. The heterogeneity was evaluated by Q-test and I2 statistic. The publication bias was measured using the Begg's and Egger's tests. The results were presented by odds ratio (OR) estimate with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. The literature review involved 466 articles until April 2020 with 1,972,511 participants. There was a significant relation between placenta previa and the risk of breech presentation based on adjusted studies (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.76). To our knowledge, this was the first study that indicated placenta previa is a risk factor for breech presentation. Other studies are needed to identify which mothers with a history of placenta previa are at increased risk of breech presentation.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"164 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47646363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad-spectrum antifungal activity of Phyllanthus niruri leaves tested against Candida species","authors":"S. Khan, Mastan Singh, V. Khare, Mir Yousufuddin Ali Khan, T. Raza, Prashant Gupta","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_131_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_131_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The emergence of resistant pathogenic microorganisms against conventional antimicrobials has become a global concern. To combat new and re-emerging infectious illnesses, new antimicrobial agents with different chemical structures and novel modes of action are required. Therefore, this study evaluated ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri for their antimicrobial activities against Candida species isolated from different clinical samples. Materials and Methods: This involved the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for the identification of Candida species. The ethanolic extraction of P. niruri leaves was examined. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antifungal activity of the leaf extracts against standard American Type Culture Collection strains as well as clinical isolates of Candida species. Results: Using PCR-RFLP, Candida tropicalis was found to be the most prevalent species of Candida, followed by Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The ethanol extract of P. nirui leaves showed good activity against all the clinical and standard strains of Candida which were comparable to the standard drug fluconazole. The activity of P. niruri against C. albicans was highest followed by C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the use of P. niruri plant to treat Candida infections, particularly fluconazole-resistant Candida species.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"199 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43455300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioural Survey Regarding Oral Hygiene Practices amongst Rural and Urban Population of Ahmedabad City, Gujarat: A Comparative Study","authors":"EshitaDasharathbhai Patel, HiralAkshat Parikh, KeyurH Joshi, Prerna Soni, Alay Unjia, Maahi Soni, Isha Mehta","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_30_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_30_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: It is thought that oral hygiene can be influenced by socioeconomic status to some extent. People with higher socioeconomic status often have better access to resources and opportunities, which can impact their oral hygiene practices and overall dental health. Hence, this study assessed knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding oral health amongst the adult population in urban and rural populations of Ahmedabad city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out amongst the urban and rural segments of Ahmedabad district. The zones of the district and participants were selected by systematic random sampling method. The participants in the Ahmedabad district were selected, and those 204 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were considered. A validated questionnaire was designed in our study so as to satisfy the quality, attain the objective of our study and make the study effective. Results: About 70.42% of the rural population and 77.30% of the urban population has good knowledge, while only 36.1% of the rural population and 47.16% of the urban population had a positive attitude towards oral hygiene practices. 61.27% of the rural population and 64.81% of the urban population showed positive behaviour. The absence of correlation was identified between knowledge-attitude and attitude-behaviour. Conclusion: It has been found that a massive number of the urban population possess a higher level of knowledge and attitude towards oral health than the rural population. No linear positive correlation was seen in knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards oral health.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135441151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Assessment of Antibacterial Efficacy of Five Different Herbal-based Potential Endodontic Irrigants","authors":"Anjali A Oak, Kailash Attur, Kamal Bagda, Nitish Mathur, Lubna Mohammad, Nikhat M Attar","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_68_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_68_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Studies in the pharma industry have shown herbal plants as a potential source of bioactive compounds and antibacterial efficacy. These medicinal plants are also used in manufacturing modern medicines. This study is to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various herbal extracts such as Azadirachta indica , Ocimum tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and Morinda citrifolia as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis and compare with the sodium hypochlorite alone and that with ultrasonic irrigation – an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: A firsthand study was conducted to find the bacterial inhibition of E. faecalis of herbal extracts. For this purpose, 30 samples were extracted and suspended with E. faecalis for each of the seven groups. The irrigating groups were divided into five herbal groups: A. indica , O. tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and M. citrifolia . It was formed to determine the alternative against the two other groups, sodium hypochlorite alone and sodium hypochlorite, with ultrasonic irrigation. The readings (zone of inhibition) obtained from the agar well diffusion method were subjected to the statistical analysis using the SPSS software (19.0), wherein analysis of variance was used. The P value was set at 0.05. Results: The study demonstrated that A. indica was highly efficient amongst the herbal groups studied against E. faecalis . It was better than other extracts and comparable to sodium hypochlorite alone and with ultrasonic irrigation. The average zone of inhibition for the stated herbal ingredient was better than the commercially used chemical ones. However, there was no statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) between all the groups studied. The null hypothesis was hence not rejected. Conclusions: The five strong herbal irrigants such as A. indica , O. tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and M. citrifolia were found to be the better alternatives against sodium hypochlorite alone and sodium hypochlorite with ultrasonic irrigation. The experiment conducted proved positive with mean results.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136301502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of alveolar bone defects associated with periodontitis: A demographic study","authors":"Shivani Sachdeva, Amit Mani, M. Phadnaik, H. Saluja","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_96_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_96_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Periodontal disease is one of the most widespread diseases of humankind. It is a chronic destructive infectious disease that involves the resorption of bone supporting the teeth. The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence and distribution of different forms of bone defects amongst different demographics in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 44 patients of different age groups with moderate and severe periodontitis chronic periodontitis. A total sample of 1041 teeth were explored surgically and classified into suprabony, infrabony, inter-radicular and other bone defects. This study focuses on the differences in the distribution of various bone defects between different groups of age and gender. Results: Amongst 1041 teeth, the prevalence of bone defects was 97%. Craters and intrabony defects were almost equal for the age groups of 31–40 years and 41–50 years. However, in the age group of 51–60 years, craters comprised 33.3%, and intrabony defects comprised 66.7%. Males had two times more 3-wall defects than females. Conclusion: The present study reveals that there is a need for applying epidemiological principles to periodontal bone defects in order to better understand the natural history of periodontal disease and eradicate the factors responsible for their commencement and progression. The following research article has been presented at the 2nd international congress of the World Academy of Growth Factors and Stem Cells in Dentistry 25–27 October 2018.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"23 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45166673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon beta compared to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: A retrospective observational study","authors":"Motahare Amirizadeh, F. Sarvestani, F. Khorrami, O. Safa, P. Davoodian, Mehdi Hassaniazad, Boshra Akhlaghi, M. Fathalipour","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_70_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_70_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although a long time past since COVID-19 was broken out, it is hard to determine which pharmacological combination regimen is more efficacious. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) plus interferon (IFN) beta-1a regimen compared to the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) regimen in moderately ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: A multiple-centre retrospective observational case-controlled study was performed between March and September 2020, including adults with confirmed COVID-19. The patients were categorised into age- and sex-matched two groups; LPV/r plus IFN beta-1a (n = 102) and HCQ (n = 298) regimens. Clinical outcomes and mortality rates were compared between the groups. Results: LPV/r plus interferon (INF) beta-1a regimen had improved none of the clinical outcomes and mortality rate compared to the HCQ regimen. The length of stay (LOS) in the hospital and the need for oxygen therapy were slightly worse in the LPV/r plus INF beta-1a regimen (4.73 ± 2.93 days, 63%) than in the HCQ group (3.74 ± 3.30 days, 48.3%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in care of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, LOS in ICU, the need for non-invasive ventilation and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation as well as in-hospital mortality rate. Conclusions: LPV/r plus IFN beta-1a regimen did not show any meaningful improvement in clinical outcomes or mortality compared to the HCQ regimen. Larger randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy of this combination further.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"107 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47708698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}