IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics最新文献_第9页

Design, Modeling and Optimization of a Magnetic Resonance Conditional 3-RRR Spherical Parallel Robot for Neurosurgery 用于神经外科手术的磁共振条件 3-RRR 球形并行机器人的设计、建模和优化

IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387114

Yanding Qin;Yueyang Shi;Longxin Wang;Hongpeng Wang;Jianda Han

{"title":"Design, Modeling and Optimization of a Magnetic Resonance Conditional 3-RRR Spherical Parallel Robot for Neurosurgery","authors":"Yanding Qin;Yueyang Shi;Longxin Wang;Hongpeng Wang;Jianda Han","doi":"10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387114","url":null,"abstract":"In neurosurgery, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is extensively utilized for preoperative diagnosis and postoperative evaluation due to its superior soft tissue contrast. However, the strong magnetic field poses a challenge to the real-time utilization of MR for intraoperative navigation. To facilitate neurosurgery in the MR environment, this paper develops a MR conditional robot featuring nonferrous materials and ultrasonic motor actuation. The robot consists of a 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) translational module and a 3-DOF remote center of motion (RCM) module. The RCM module incorporates a 3-RRR spherical parallel mechanism. The mechanical design and kinematic modeling of the RCM module is completed. This paper further conducts the optimization for the RCM module. Additionally, a path-planning algorithm, focusing on the maximization of dexterity, is introduced, and the feasible workspace of the optimized RCM module is evaluated. A prototype is fabricated, and the orientation repeatability of the RCM module is measured to be 0.055±0.0016°, and the absolute orientation error is 2.05±0.019°. Needle insertion experiments are performed on an agarose phantom to evaluate the feasibility of the robot. The impact on signal-to-noise ratio in MRI images caused by the robot is less than 4%, indicating a highly promising applicability in MR conditional neurosurgery.","PeriodicalId":73318,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics","volume":"6 2","pages":"556-566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Robotic Ultrasound System to Assist Ultrasound Examination of Pregnant Women 开发辅助孕妇超声波检查的机器人超声波系统

IF 3.4

IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387047

Maria Bamaarouf;Flavien Paccot;Laurent Sarry;Hélène Chanal

{"title":"Development of a Robotic Ultrasound System to Assist Ultrasound Examination of Pregnant Women","authors":"Maria Bamaarouf;Flavien Paccot;Laurent Sarry;Hélène Chanal","doi":"10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387047","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper centers on addressing a common issue faced by clinicians during ultrasound examinations, namely work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). The implementation of robotic ultrasound has the potential to reduce these disorders using teleoperated assistance, collaborative support, or even autonomous systems. In this study, we introduce a new collaborative assisting system specifically designed for ultrasound examinations involving pregnant, obese patients. The primary objective is to devise a transparent co-manipulation strategy that enables clinicians to maintain their natural gestures during the procedure. The key principle behind this approach is to ensure that the robot functions as a helpful tool without interfering with the examination process. To achieve this, a novel co-manipulation control strategy is developed, which involves the computation of a virtual solid’s path based on the operator’s interaction. This approach presents numerous benefits in comparison to conventional control techniques. It demonstrates improvements in terms of accuracy, diminishes task execution time, facilitates a more intuitive parameter adjustment process, and necessitates less exertion of force by the operator. Consequently, it could potentially serve as a viable solution for addressing the challenges faced by sonographers. Hence, the potential benefit of this new co-manipulation method is demonstrated experimentally by comparison with impedance and active compliance control strategies.","PeriodicalId":73318,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics","volume":"6 3","pages":"796-805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Optimal Tendon Routing-Based Design of Biologically Inspired Underactuated Hand Exoskeleton for Gross Grasping 基于腱路由的用于粗抓的生物启发下驱动手部外骨骼优化设计

IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387334

Vitthal Khatik;Anupam Saxena

{"title":"On Optimal Tendon Routing-Based Design of Biologically Inspired Underactuated Hand Exoskeleton for Gross Grasping","authors":"Vitthal Khatik;Anupam Saxena","doi":"10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387334","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a compact, portable fingertip-to-elbow hand exoskeleton (F-EL-EX) designed to assist in gross grasping activities involving hand opening and closing movements. The design mimics a biological tendon pulley system (TPS) for finger flexion, optimized for the maximum range of flexion while keeping bowstringing and maximum pulley stress under check. The exoskeleton finger integrates a jointless system of phalanges, designed with care to house the TPS while allowing unrestricted motion of the respective finger joints, each with variable centers of rotation. The exoskeleton is hybrid – fabricated with plastic, natural rubber, and metal, with individual or combination of materials used for different palm and forearm regions. Rigid components used for tendon routing help in modeling a relation between tendon excursion and flexion and provide high grasping force capabilities. The soft material on the palm region ensures retaining flexibility during grasping of objects with varied shapes and supports thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) adjustment. Compactness and portability are ensured through a sliding pulley based slack-tolerant differential mechanism (SPDM), driving all fingers with a single actuator and employing a separate actuator for the thumb. The experimental and functional results of the exoskeleton on a healthy subject demonstrate its adaptive, gross grasping abilities with everyday objects through power grasp, lateral pinch, and parallel extension. These findings encourage further exploration in clinical trials, especially for individuals with hand muscle weaknesses.","PeriodicalId":73318,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics","volume":"6 2","pages":"600-617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements in Temporal Fusion: A New Horizon for EEG-Based Motor Imagery Classification 时态融合的进展：基于脑电图的运动意象分类新视野

IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387092

Saran Kundu;Aman Singh Tomar;Anirban Chowdhury;Gargi Thakur;Aruna Tomar

{"title":"Advancements in Temporal Fusion: A New Horizon for EEG-Based Motor Imagery Classification","authors":"Saran Kundu;Aman Singh Tomar;Anirban Chowdhury;Gargi Thakur;Aruna Tomar","doi":"10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMRB.2024.3387092","url":null,"abstract":"BCIs facilitate seamless engagement between individuals with motor disabilities and their surrounding environment by translating electroencephalography (EEG) signals generated from Motor Imagery (MI). Crucial to this process is the accurate classification of different types of MI tasks - a challenge that calls for the consistent evolution and refinement of reliable methodologies for EEG signal classification. This paper introduces three innovative approaches: M1, employing a temporal block technique combined with Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern (FBCSP) and mutual information-based feature selection with a Random Forest classifier; and M2 and M3, extending M1 using Temporal Probability Fusion (TPF) and Probability Difference-based Temporal Fusion (PDTF) respectively. These methods aim to enhance MI EEG signal classification. The effectiveness of M1, M2, and M3 was scrutinized under differing scenarios including changing overlap sizes and channel choices. The analysis highlights that our methods exhibit enhanced performance under particular conditions, underlining the crucial role of temporal information and channel selection. Comparison with established methodologies verifies the superior efficiency of our proposed strategies. This study foregrounds the considerable potential of TPF and PDTF in MI EEG classification tasks, with significant implications for the future development of BCI systems.","PeriodicalId":73318,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics","volume":"6 2","pages":"567-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soft Ankle-Foot Exoskeleton for Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review of Actuation, Sensing, Mechanical Design, and Control Strategy 用于康复的软性踝足外骨骼：传动、传感、机械设计和控制策略的系统回顾

IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385798

Wei Meng;Chang Zhu;Haojie Liu;Quan Liu;Sheng Xie

引用次数: 0

Toward MR-Guided Robotic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation: Aiming Device Design and ex vivo Ovine Head Trial 实现磁共振引导下的机器人脑内出血抽吸术：瞄准设备设计和活体膀胱头试验

IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385794

Anthony L. Gunderman;Saikat Sengupta;Zhefeng Huang;Dimitri Sigounas;Chima Oluigbo;Isuru S. Godage;Kevin Cleary;Yue Chen

{"title":"Toward MR-Guided Robotic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation: Aiming Device Design and ex vivo Ovine Head Trial","authors":"Anthony L. Gunderman;Saikat Sengupta;Zhefeng Huang;Dimitri Sigounas;Chima Oluigbo;Isuru S. Godage;Kevin Cleary;Yue Chen","doi":"10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385794","url":null,"abstract":"Stereotactic neurosurgery is a well-established surgical technique for navigation and guidance during treatment of intracranial pathologies. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an example of various neurosurgical conditions that can benefit from stereotactic neurosurgery. As a part of our ongoing work toward real-time MR-guided ICH evacuation, we aim to address an unmet clinical need for a skull-mounted frameless stereotactic aiming device that can be used with minimally invasive robotic systems for MR-guided interventions. In this paper, we present NICE-Aiming, a Neurosurgical, Interventional, Configurable device for Effective-Aiming in MR-guided robotic neurosurgical interventions. A kinematic model was developed and the system was used with a concentric tube robot (CTR) for ICH evacuation in (i) a skull phantom and (ii) in the first ever reported ex vivo CTR ICH evacuation using an ex vivo ovine head. The NICE-Aiming prototype provided a tip accuracy of 1.41±0.35 mm in free-space. In the MR-guided gel phantom experiment, the targeting accuracy was 2.07±0.42 mm and the residual hematoma volume was 12.87 mL (24.32% of the original volume). In the MR-guided ex vivo ovine head experiment, the targeting accuracy was 2.48±0.48 mm and the residual hematoma volume was 1.42 mL (25.08% of the original volume).","PeriodicalId":73318,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics","volume":"6 2","pages":"577-588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Semi-Autonomous Control Mode for Flexible Steerable Intraluminal Platforms 柔性可转向腔内平台的半自主控制模式

IF 3.4

IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385990

Fernando Gonzalez-Herrera;Florent Nageotte;Philippe Zanne;Gianni Borghesan;Michel de Mathelin;Emmanuel Vander Poorten;Benoit Rosa

{"title":"A Semi-Autonomous Control Mode for Flexible Steerable Intraluminal Platforms","authors":"Fernando Gonzalez-Herrera;Florent Nageotte;Philippe Zanne;Gianni Borghesan;Michel de Mathelin;Emmanuel Vander Poorten;Benoit Rosa","doi":"10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385990","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible steerable intraluminal robot platforms allow treatment and screening of colorectal cancer at an early stage, potentially reducing the associated incidence and mortality rates. Such robotic platforms often rely on a tree-like flexible architecture, with a flexible robotized body carrying both the endoscope camera and two robotized flexible surgical arms at its distal end. Telemanipulating these robotic platforms to correctly perform surgical tasks is technically difficult due to their kinematic complexity and the demanding nature of the task, which leads to potential interruptions in the surgical workflow. In this paper, a technique to efficiently control the arms and body and correctly perform complex surgical steps during the endoscopic submucosal dissection procedure is proposed. The technique, referred to as semi-autonomous arm-body control, is based on a quadratic programming controller. Custom-defined tasks synergistically control the arms and body, while avoiding unsafe positions for the arms. Experiments in a mixed physical-simulated setup with eight users show an increased performance on the task and smoother movements compared to manual telemanipulation, at the expense of a slightly longer operating time. Further study will look at validating the approach in more realistic scenarios.","PeriodicalId":73318,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics","volume":"6 3","pages":"839-850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-Based Robot-Assisted Drilling for Minimally Invasive Pedicle Screw Placement 基于超声波的机器人辅助钻孔微创椎弓根螺钉置入术

IF 3.4

IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385793

Ruixuan Li;Ayoob Davoodi;Maikel Timmermans;Kaat Van Assche;Orçun Taylan;Lennart Scheys;Matthias Tummers;Gianni Borghesan;Emmanuel Vander Poorten

{"title":"Ultrasound-Based Robot-Assisted Drilling for Minimally Invasive Pedicle Screw Placement","authors":"Ruixuan Li;Ayoob Davoodi;Maikel Timmermans;Kaat Van Assche;Orçun Taylan;Lennart Scheys;Matthias Tummers;Gianni Borghesan;Emmanuel Vander Poorten","doi":"10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385793","url":null,"abstract":"Minimally invasive pedicle screw placement (MIPSP) is a widely used treatment for spine diseases. When coupled with intraoperative navigation modalities, robots may help improve surgical outcomes and reduce complications. With such a system, the application of pedicle screws has been expanded from needle insertion to the spine surgery. This paper investigates the possibility and feasibility of robot-assisted MIPSP based on ultrasound (US) guidance. The proposed system is non-radiative and fiducial-free, using purely image information to close the registration loop. Then the system automatically positions the drill tip to a planned screw trajectory and executes the drilling operation. Experiments were conducted on both ex-vivo lamb and human cadaver spines. An entry point accuracy of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.39pm 1.41$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mm, and orientation accuracy of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.82pm 1.85^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 was found for 24 drilled trajectories on three lamb spines. On the ex-vivo human spine, the position error averaged \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.08pm 2.43$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mm at the entry point and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.05pm 2.62$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mm at the stop point across 16 drilling instances. Moreover, a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$87.5%$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 success rate was reported by using Gertzbein-Robbins grade. The experimental results demonstrate the potential for offering a radiation-free alternative. Although restricted to cadaver trials, this work encourages further exploration of this technology to assist surgeons in maximizing performance in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":73318,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics","volume":"6 3","pages":"818-828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the Benefits of Multivariable Proprioceptive Feedback for Upper-Limb Prostheses 研究上肢假肢多变量感觉反馈的益处

IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385983

Jakob Dideriksen;Eleonore Siebold;Strahinja Dosen;Marko Markovic

{"title":"Investigating the Benefits of Multivariable Proprioceptive Feedback for Upper-Limb Prostheses","authors":"Jakob Dideriksen;Eleonore Siebold;Strahinja Dosen;Marko Markovic","doi":"10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385983","url":null,"abstract":"Restoration of somatosensory feedback can improve prosthesis control and user experience. Although modern prosthesis allows movement in multiple degrees of freedom, few studies have attempted to restore multiple proprioceptive feedback variables to give the user awareness of the prosthesis state without excessive visual attention. This study presents and evaluates a feedback system containing four vibration motors embedded in the prosthesis socket to convey hand aperture or wrist rotation angle during sequential prosthesis control. Ten able-bodied and two amputee subjects performed a functional task that involved manipulating fragile objects with varying compliance (with vibrotactile and/or visual or neither). The results indicated that for able-bodied subjects, vibrotactile feedback alone allowed the grasping and rotation with almost the same quality as with visual feedback (no statistically significant difference). In addition, vibrotactile feedback significantly outperformed incidental feedback during wrist rotation control. Similar findings were observed for the amputee subjects. All subjects rated vibrotactile feedback as useful, reliable, and easy to perceive and exploit. Exploiting the vibrotactile feedback, however, required more time than for visual feedback. In conclusion, the proposed feedback system represents an efficient and practical solution to facilitate object manipulation in multiple degrees of freedom, even when visual feedback is not fully available.","PeriodicalId":73318,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics","volume":"6 2","pages":"757-768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

FEEBY: A Flexible Framework for Fast Prototyping and Assessment of Vibrotactile Feedback for Hand Prostheses FEEBY：手部假肢振动反馈快速原型设计与评估的灵活框架

IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385790

Nikolina Maravic;Strahinja Dosen;Filip Gasparic;Christian Hofer;Michael Russold;Mario Koppe;Jose Gonzalez-Vargas;Nikola Jorgovanovic;Darko Stanisic

{"title":"FEEBY: A Flexible Framework for Fast Prototyping and Assessment of Vibrotactile Feedback for Hand Prostheses","authors":"Nikolina Maravic;Strahinja Dosen;Filip Gasparic;Christian Hofer;Michael Russold;Mario Koppe;Jose Gonzalez-Vargas;Nikola Jorgovanovic;Darko Stanisic","doi":"10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMRB.2024.3385790","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing a myoelectric prosthesis with artificial somatosensory feedback is important for providing a complete bionic replacement. The development of feedback comprises several steps, from the selection of stimulation interface, variables, and encoding schemes to testing in non-disabled and amputee subjects. In most cases, specific configurations are implemented and tested. To support a more flexible approach to the development of feedback, where an interface can be iteratively tested and gradually refined, we developed FEEBY - a software and hardware framework for fast prototyping and assessment of feedback both in and out of the lab. FEEBY comprises a PC application for feedback design and subject training, an embedded system for clinical testing, and a smaller version of the system for home use. The system capabilities and the feedback design process were demonstrated by conducting illustrative experiments on 6 non-disabled participants and 1 transradial amputee, who also used the system at home. The results of the present study demonstrated that FEEBY is a compact, low-power, and robust system that can enable the systematic development of feedback and its assessment in ecological conditions. The latter aspect is particularly important to reach the ultimate goal, i.e., a feedback system that matters in daily life.","PeriodicalId":73318,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics","volume":"6 2","pages":"746-756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0