IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing Liver Steatosis Classification: H-Scan Analysis of Handheld Ultrasound Data","authors":"Tina Gabriel;Omid Chaghaneh;Julian Kober;Tönnis Trittler;Edgar M. G. Dorausch;Cornelius Kühnöl;Jakob Schäfer;Richard Nauber;Paul-Henry Koop;Carolin Schneider;Jochen Hampe;Gerhard Fettweis;Moritz Herzog","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3566928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3566928","url":null,"abstract":"Handheld ultrasound (H-US) offers a widely accessible and cost-effective option for future medicine. Quantitative US methods, such as H-Scan, could broaden its impact by leveraging the enormous potential of radiofrequency (RF) ultrasound data. H-US derived steatosis and fibrosis assessments would reduce the need for expensive FibroScan® devices, especially supporting low-resource areas. By filtering for lower (GH2) and higher (GH8) frequencies, the method allows for differentiation of scatter sizes related to varying degrees of steatosis, which is crucial for early detection of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Considering a substantial and various patient cohort of 468 patients, reducing potential selection bias inherent in smaller study cohorts, this study aims to investigate whether H-Scan analysis of RF-data captured with inexpensive H-US yields comparable results to those seen in previous studies. A strong correlation (r=0.852, p<0.0001)> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. No significant correlation was observed between H-Scan and the degree of liver fibrosis, suggesting that the current H-Scan alone might not be suitable for this application. Further research is needed to test and refine the methodology, especially regarding individual attenuation correction.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"62-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10985905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Square-Wave Driven Ultrasonic Liquid Crystal Optical Lenses","authors":"Ryoya Mizuno;Yuma Kuroda;Akira Emoto;Mami Matsukawa;Daisuke Koyama","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3566354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3566354","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional optical lenses only have one focal point. Whereas compound lens systems with multiple lenses and mechanical actuators are used in modules to focus on near and far objects. Camera modules with these systems tend to be bulky and have a slow time response. Electrically-controllable varifocal lenses will accelerate the development of compact photographic devices with high-speed responses. Here, we discuss an ultrasound varifocal liquid crystal (LC) lens that consists of an LC layer between two glass discs and an ultrasound transducer. The orientation of nematic LC molecules could be controlled by acoustic radiation forces, and the lens could change the refractive index distribution and its focal length by ultrasound vibration by utilizing the high LC liquidity and optical anisotropy. The effects of input waveforms on the optical characteristics of the ultrasonic LC lens were investigated in an industrial setting. We applied sinusoidal and square waves at the resonant frequency of the lenses to assess the impact on the optical characteristics. Those characteristics were largely similar. However, slight differences were observed in the vibrational distributions on the lens substrate, indicating that the lens could be controlled by a square-wave drive.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10981748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Row–Column-Addressed Array Imaging With Retrospective Filtering","authors":"Chung-Shiang Mei;Wei-Hsiang Shen;Meng-Lin Li","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3545600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3545600","url":null,"abstract":"To address the inherent complexity associated with fabricating fully-sampled (FS) 2-D arrays, row-column-addressed (RCA) arrays offer a promising alternative by significantly reducing the number of active elements. However, RCA arrays are limited by reduced image quality, as they only allow one-way focusing along both the x- and y-axes. This study introduces a post-filtering scheme that leverages a retrospective filtering method combined with filter-derived coherence-index (FCI) weighting to enhance RCA focusing quality, aiming to emulate the performance of FS arrays. Preliminary simulations were conducted to assess the efficacy of this approach, including point spread function (PSF) analysis and anechoic vessel phantom imaging. In the PSF analysis, our method achieved a 14.63-dB reduction in the sidelobe level, with improvements of 11.3% and 14.29% observed in the -6 dB and -20 dB full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), respectively. For anechoic vessel phantom imaging, the proposed scheme demonstrated substantial gains, with a 15.77 dB enhancement in contrast ratio (CR), a 1.615 increase in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and a 27.03% improvement in generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR).","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"15-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10902463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple-Node Time Transfer Over Star Fiber Network Without Requiring Link Calibration","authors":"Kunfeng Xie;Liang Hu;Jianping Chen;Guiling Wu","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3541156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3541156","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we proposed a point-to-multipoint fiber-optic time transfer scheme over a star-shaped fiber network based on bidirectional frequency division multiplexing without requiring link calibration. The time signals at the local station and remote stations are encoded into time-varying signals within in different spectral passbands, respectively. The optical carriers with the same wavelength are employed to transfer the two time-varying signals in both directions over a single fiber. The backscattering noises from fiber links can be effectively suppressed by simply electrical filtering due to the non-overlapping on spectrum between the forward and backward time-varying signals. The local station broadcasts the time signal of the reference clock to all remote stations based on space division multiplexing to support point-to-multipoint fiber-optic time transfer. The proposed scheme is demonstrated over a star-shaped fiber network with two remote stations. The results show that the measured mean clock difference can be less than -1.03 ps and 4.99 ps without link calibration, respectively. The measured time stability in terms of time deviation is better than 19.93 ps@1s, 0.50 ps@1000s and 25.35 ps@1s, 0.65 ps@1000s.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10879779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D High-Frame-Rate Imaging of Natural Shear Waves in the Parasternal View of the Heart","authors":"Annette Caenen;Konstantina Papangelopoulou;Laurine Wouters;Ekaterina Seliverstova;Jens-Uwe Voigt;Jan D’Hooge","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3538819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3538819","url":null,"abstract":"Most clinical studies use a 2D parasternal long-axis view to measure natural shear waves after valve closure for myocardial stiffness assessment. However, its 3D wave propagation direction and its alignment with the 2D imaging plane are not well understood. Previous 3D research has mainly focused on wave propagation from an apical view, primarily tracking the longitudinal component of wave motion instead of the transverse component observed in the parasternal view. Therefore, this work aims to bridge this gap by using 3D high-frame-rate imaging in the parasternal view in 6 healthy volunteers (~750 volumes/s), and compared its results to 2D measurements (~1000 frames/s). We found a more complex wave propagation pattern after mitral valve closure encompassing two wave excitation sources, whereas the wave propagation after aortic valve closure clearly originated near the left ventricular outflow tract. The extent of the wave excitation region varied across volunteers. For the septal wall – tracked in 2D shear wave imaging, the overall wave propagation was from base to apex, which is theoretically in line with the 2D imaging plane orientation. However, wave speed estimations were lower for 3D measurements than for 2D (-0.7 m/s for mitral valve and -0.5 m/s for AVC, on average), potentially due to misalignment of the 2D imaging plane with the longitudinal direction of the heart.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10870294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"k²₃₃Estimation of Thin Films via Piezoelectric Stiffening Using Ultrasonic Reflectometry","authors":"Yohkoh Shimano;Motoshi Suzuki;Takahiko Yanagitani","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3537962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3537962","url":null,"abstract":"A method for estimating intrinsic electromechanical coupling coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{{33}}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of piezoelectric thin films using piezoelectrically stiffened acoustic velocity <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and unstiffened acoustic velocity <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was proposed. <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> velocities of thin films in the sub-GHz range were estimated by ultrasonic reflectometry. Directly depositing a film specimen on the backside of the ultrasonic delay line eliminates the need for a coupler layer and avoids acoustic attenuation in the layer. The <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> velocity can be estimated from the phase differences of the echoes: before and after the film specimen is deposited. In contrast, <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> velocity can be estimated from the phase difference when the film specimen is under the open circuit and the short circuit. The intrinsic <inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{{33}}^{{2}}{}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be obtained from the relationship of <inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{{33}}^{{2}}~text {=}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 1 – (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}})^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For the Sc0.4Al0.6N thin film specimen, <inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{{33}}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was determined to be 11.6% from <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 8400 m/s and 7900 m/s, respectively. For the ZnO thin film specimen, <inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{{33}}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was estimated to be 4.7% from <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 6250 m/s and 6100 m/s, respectively. These values are in good agreement with previously reported results.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10869444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Open Journal of Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Vol. 4","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3537476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3537476","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"4 ","pages":"247-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10864476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerator Architecture for Plane-Wave Ultrasound Image Reconstruction in Fourier Domain","authors":"Pooriya Navaeilavasani;Daler Rakhmatov","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3530395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3530395","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast ultrasound imaging based on coherent plane-wave compounding (CPWC) enables very high data acquisition rates in the order of thousands of frames per second. This capability allows the user to capture and characterize fast-changing dynamics of blood flow or tissue motion, thus facilitating advanced biomedical diagnostics. Fast data acquisition should be supported by high image reconstruction rates, which translates into significant computational demands. To address this issue, several state-of-the-art hardware accelerators for CPWC image reconstruction, or beamforming, have been reported in the literature. They primarily target time-domain methods based on delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming. For the first time, this article proposes a novel hardware architecture for accelerating Fourier-domain image reconstruction, based on an efficient migration technique from geophysics. Our FPGA implementation of one specific architectural instance achieves the reconstruction throughput of 1,380 frames per second (without compounding), where each complex-valued “analytic” image frame consists of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2048times 128~64$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bit data samples. The presented work also aims to motivate further research into hardware support for Fourier-domain migration. This technique is asymptotically faster than conventional DAS beamforming; however, its efficient hardware realization is challenging, partly due to its relatively large memory footprint.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"4 ","pages":"231-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10843301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3525767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3525767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"4 ","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10832403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurately Predicting the Performance of Polymer-Based CMUTs by Coupling Finite-Element and Analytical Models","authors":"Martin Angerer;Jonas Welsch;Carlos D. Gerardo;Edmond Cretu;Robert Rohling","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3526123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3526123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a hybrid modeling approach to accurately predict the performance of polymer-based Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (polyCMUTs) by coupling finite element analysis (FEA) with analytical methods. The coupled FEA and analytical (CFA) model integrates characteristics from a single-cell FEA into a multi-cell equivalent circuit. Acoustic cross-coupling between cells is considered using analytical methods, and the acoustic far-field is computed via the Rayleigh integral. We validated the model on rectangular designs with 11x11 cells and varying cell-to-cell pitches. CFA results showed in average less than 7% deviation from full FEA in terms of center frequency, fractional bandwidth, and peak sensitivity, while requiring less than 1% of the computation time. We also observed good agreements with measurements, with a deviation of 17% for the rectangular designs and less than 4% for a larger linear array element (428 cells) we recently produced. This makes the CFA model a powerful tool for fast design exploration and optimization of CMUTs.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"4 ","pages":"227-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10824871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}