IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control最新文献_第2页

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Model of Long Rectangular CMUT Membranes 长矩形CMUT膜的小信号等效电路模型

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3571698

Eric B. Dew;Shayan Khorassany;Mahyar Ghavami;Mohammad Rahim Sobhani;Mohammad Maadi;Roger J. Zemp

{"title":"Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Model of Long Rectangular CMUT Membranes","authors":"Eric B. Dew;Shayan Khorassany;Mahyar Ghavami;Mohammad Rahim Sobhani;Mohammad Maadi;Roger J. Zemp","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3571698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3571698","url":null,"abstract":"Capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs) are typically designed with many small membranes per linear array element. However, these membranes can operate out of phase or collapse at different voltages, leading to suboptimal transmit performance and unreliable operation. To avoid these problems, we recently proposed a CMUT architecture with a single large rectangular membrane per element and novel insulated electrode post structures. These single-membrane CMUTs outperformed comparable piezoelectric transducers by almost 3-fold in terms of output pressure and demonstrated electromechanical efficiency values as high as 0.95. In this paper, we present an analytical model which can be used to simulate and optimize single-membrane rectangular CMUTs with or without post structures. Our approach relies on a polynomial deflection model, which was used to derive lumped element model parameters. Using this method, we developed expressions to model both electrostatic and pre-collapse small-signal dynamic CMUT behavior. This modeling framework was incorporated into a MATLAB program. We validated our approach using finite element method (FEM) simulations and experimental results in both air and immersion media. Model predictions for collapse voltage and operating frequency are within 4% of FEM results in both air and immersion. However, the runtime of our MATLAB program was 6 orders of magnitude faster than the corresponding FEM simulations. Compared with experiment, collapse voltage predictions were within 8%, and operating frequency predictions were within 5% in air and 18% in soybean oil. Our results indicate that that rectangular CMUTs may be optimized much further, potentially enabling even greater improvements over piezoelectric transducers.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"82-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11007609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contactless Respiratory Waveform Estimation Using Ultrasound Planar Array 基于超声平面阵列的非接触式呼吸波形估计

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3552048

Geng-Shi Jeng;Sheng Chen;Le-Tung Hsieh;Men-Tzung Lo

{"title":"Contactless Respiratory Waveform Estimation Using Ultrasound Planar Array","authors":"Geng-Shi Jeng;Sheng Chen;Le-Tung Hsieh;Men-Tzung Lo","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3552048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3552048","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and contactless respiratory monitoring is essential for both clinical diagnostics and home healthcare, offering the potential for continuous, non-invasive observation. Ultrasound-based systems, particularly when integrated into home smart devices, provide a cost-effective solution. However, existing approaches are limited by poor directivity, inadequate clothing penetration, reliance on averaged respiratory rates without waveform details, and the inability to measure range due to continuous-wave Doppler techniques. To address these challenges, this study develops a novel 18-kHz, 16-channel two-dimensional (2-D) ultrasound array system employing adaptive beamforming to enhance sensitivity and accuracy in respiratory waveform detection. The system integrates pulsed and frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) excitation to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 20 dB, while the 2-D beamforming technique directly estimates delays from respiratory movements, boosting SNR by an additional 8.5 dB and eliminating the need for time-intensive volumetric scanning. Experimental results demonstrate sub-millimeter displacement accuracy in motor-controlled plate tests, surpassing wearable inertial measurement devices, and human trials reveal an average respiratory rate error of 0.13 breaths per minute across various clothing types and distances. The proposed system not only advances remote respiratory monitoring but also paves the way for enhanced health diagnostics in both clinical and home settings.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10929036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inverse Problems With Multiple Plane Waves: The Angular Simplification 多平面波反问题：角度化简

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3551318

Baptiste Heriard-Dubreuil;Adrien Besson;Claude Cohen-Bacrie;Jean-Philippe Thiran

{"title":"Inverse Problems With Multiple Plane Waves: The Angular Simplification","authors":"Baptiste Heriard-Dubreuil;Adrien Besson;Claude Cohen-Bacrie;Jean-Philippe Thiran","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3551318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3551318","url":null,"abstract":"In unfocused ultrasound imaging, a delay-and-sum algorithm is commonly used to reconstruct one image per emission. When multiple emissions are performed, individual images can be combined by coherent compounding to improve image quality. Alternative methods based on tomographic inverse problems have been recently introduced and prove a superior image quality. However, the high dimensionality of the operators involved in such tomographic problems –especially in the case of multiple emissions– leads to prohibitive computation times and memory requirements, preventing their use in practice. We propose to use an angular framework in which plane waves are considered both in emission and reception. In this new framework, we show that the delay-an-sum and the compounding operators are commutative. Using this property, we formulate a low-dimensional tomographic inverse problem and describe a matrix-free method able to reconstruct high-quality images with a computation time independent of the number of emissions.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10926886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D Frequency-Domain Full Waveform Inversion for Whole-Breast Imaging With a Multi-Row Ring Array 多行环形阵列全乳房成像的三维频域全波形反演

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3570253

Rehman Ali;Gaofei Jin;Melanie Singh;Trevor Mitcham;Nebojsa Duric

引用次数: 0

Taylor-Series-Based Derivation of the Resolution of Null Subtraction Imaging for a Uniform Linear Array 基于泰勒级数的均匀线性阵列零相减成像分辨率推导

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3550096

Chaoran Han;Sven Peter Näsholm;Andreas Austeng;Håvard Kjellmo Arnestad

{"title":"Taylor-Series-Based Derivation of the Resolution of Null Subtraction Imaging for a Uniform Linear Array","authors":"Chaoran Han;Sven Peter Näsholm;Andreas Austeng;Håvard Kjellmo Arnestad","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3550096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3550096","url":null,"abstract":"Null subtraction imaging (NSI) is a non-linear beamformer that aims to improve the spatial resolution of ultrasound images. NSI incoherently combines three delay-and-sum (DAS) outputs from the same RF data using three related apodizations on receive. NSI has been advocated to have many advantages in different domains such as B-mode imaging, plane wave imaging, power Doppler imaging, and for large-pitch arrays. However, despite its increasing popularity, an explicit relationship between NSI resolution (interpreted as the mainlobe width) and various parameters (such as the DC offset value c, array aperture, and wavelength) is not known, making system design and intuitive reasoning about the method difficult. Therefore, in the current work, we derive the theoretical NSI array pattern and give an approximate expression for the −6dB mainlobe width. Our derivation is based on a Taylor series-expansion of the analytical NSI array pattern, which is valid over the mainlobe region for the range of c values typically seen in the literature. The results show that the NSI mainlobe width is proportional to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$c lambda /D$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is the DC offset value multiplied by the wavelength and divided by the aperture size, and therefore has a similar wavelengh and aperture dependency as the classical DAS mainlobe. The work is validated numerically, also showing that the NSI mainlobe width approaches the DAS mainlobe width as c approaches infinity.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"19-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10918915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Liver Steatosis Classification: H-Scan Analysis of Handheld Ultrasound Data 增强肝脂肪变性分级：手持超声数据的h扫描分析

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3566928

Tina Gabriel;Omid Chaghaneh;Julian Kober;Tönnis Trittler;Edgar M. G. Dorausch;Cornelius Kühnöl;Jakob Schäfer;Richard Nauber;Paul-Henry Koop;Carolin Schneider;Jochen Hampe;Gerhard Fettweis;Moritz Herzog

{"title":"Enhancing Liver Steatosis Classification: H-Scan Analysis of Handheld Ultrasound Data","authors":"Tina Gabriel;Omid Chaghaneh;Julian Kober;Tönnis Trittler;Edgar M. G. Dorausch;Cornelius Kühnöl;Jakob Schäfer;Richard Nauber;Paul-Henry Koop;Carolin Schneider;Jochen Hampe;Gerhard Fettweis;Moritz Herzog","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3566928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3566928","url":null,"abstract":"Handheld ultrasound (H-US) offers a widely accessible and cost-effective option for future medicine. Quantitative US methods, such as H-Scan, could broaden its impact by leveraging the enormous potential of radiofrequency (RF) ultrasound data. H-US derived steatosis and fibrosis assessments would reduce the need for expensive FibroScan® devices, especially supporting low-resource areas. By filtering for lower (GH2) and higher (GH8) frequencies, the method allows for differentiation of scatter sizes related to varying degrees of steatosis, which is crucial for early detection of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Considering a substantial and various patient cohort of 468 patients, reducing potential selection bias inherent in smaller study cohorts, this study aims to investigate whether H-Scan analysis of RF-data captured with inexpensive H-US yields comparable results to those seen in previous studies. A strong correlation (r=0.852, p<0.0001)> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. No significant correlation was observed between H-Scan and the degree of liver fibrosis, suggesting that the current H-Scan alone might not be suitable for this application. Further research is needed to test and refine the methodology, especially regarding individual attenuation correction.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"62-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10985905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Square-Wave Driven Ultrasonic Liquid Crystal Optical Lenses

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3566354

Ryoya Mizuno;Yuma Kuroda;Akira Emoto;Mami Matsukawa;Daisuke Koyama

{"title":"Square-Wave Driven Ultrasonic Liquid Crystal Optical Lenses","authors":"Ryoya Mizuno;Yuma Kuroda;Akira Emoto;Mami Matsukawa;Daisuke Koyama","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3566354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3566354","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional optical lenses only have one focal point. Whereas compound lens systems with multiple lenses and mechanical actuators are used in modules to focus on near and far objects. Camera modules with these systems tend to be bulky and have a slow time response. Electrically-controllable varifocal lenses will accelerate the development of compact photographic devices with high-speed responses. Here, we discuss an ultrasound varifocal liquid crystal (LC) lens that consists of an LC layer between two glass discs and an ultrasound transducer. The orientation of nematic LC molecules could be controlled by acoustic radiation forces, and the lens could change the refractive index distribution and its focal length by ultrasound vibration by utilizing the high LC liquidity and optical anisotropy. The effects of input waveforms on the optical characteristics of the ultrasonic LC lens were investigated in an industrial setting. We applied sinusoidal and square waves at the resonant frequency of the lenses to assess the impact on the optical characteristics. Those characteristics were largely similar. However, slight differences were observed in the vibrational distributions on the lens substrate, indicating that the lens could be controlled by a square-wave drive.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10981748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced Row–Column-Addressed Array Imaging With Retrospective Filtering 增强行-列寻址阵列成像回顾性滤波

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3545600

Chung-Shiang Mei;Wei-Hsiang Shen;Meng-Lin Li

{"title":"Enhanced Row–Column-Addressed Array Imaging With Retrospective Filtering","authors":"Chung-Shiang Mei;Wei-Hsiang Shen;Meng-Lin Li","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3545600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3545600","url":null,"abstract":"To address the inherent complexity associated with fabricating fully-sampled (FS) 2-D arrays, row-column-addressed (RCA) arrays offer a promising alternative by significantly reducing the number of active elements. However, RCA arrays are limited by reduced image quality, as they only allow one-way focusing along both the x- and y-axes. This study introduces a post-filtering scheme that leverages a retrospective filtering method combined with filter-derived coherence-index (FCI) weighting to enhance RCA focusing quality, aiming to emulate the performance of FS arrays. Preliminary simulations were conducted to assess the efficacy of this approach, including point spread function (PSF) analysis and anechoic vessel phantom imaging. In the PSF analysis, our method achieved a 14.63-dB reduction in the sidelobe level, with improvements of 11.3% and 14.29% observed in the -6 dB and -20 dB full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), respectively. For anechoic vessel phantom imaging, the proposed scheme demonstrated substantial gains, with a 15.77 dB enhancement in contrast ratio (CR), a 1.615 increase in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and a 27.03% improvement in generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR).","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"15-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10902463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple-Node Time Transfer Over Star Fiber Network Without Requiring Link Calibration 星形光纤网络上的多节点时间传输，无需链路校准

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3541156

Kunfeng Xie;Liang Hu;Jianping Chen;Guiling Wu

{"title":"Multiple-Node Time Transfer Over Star Fiber Network Without Requiring Link Calibration","authors":"Kunfeng Xie;Liang Hu;Jianping Chen;Guiling Wu","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3541156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3541156","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we proposed a point-to-multipoint fiber-optic time transfer scheme over a star-shaped fiber network based on bidirectional frequency division multiplexing without requiring link calibration. The time signals at the local station and remote stations are encoded into time-varying signals within in different spectral passbands, respectively. The optical carriers with the same wavelength are employed to transfer the two time-varying signals in both directions over a single fiber. The backscattering noises from fiber links can be effectively suppressed by simply electrical filtering due to the non-overlapping on spectrum between the forward and backward time-varying signals. The local station broadcasts the time signal of the reference clock to all remote stations based on space division multiplexing to support point-to-multipoint fiber-optic time transfer. The proposed scheme is demonstrated over a star-shaped fiber network with two remote stations. The results show that the measured mean clock difference can be less than -1.03 ps and 4.99 ps without link calibration, respectively. The measured time stability in terms of time deviation is better than 19.93 ps@1s, 0.50 ps@1000s and 25.35 ps@1s, 0.65 ps@1000s.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10879779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D High-Frame-Rate Imaging of Natural Shear Waves in the Parasternal View of the Heart 心脏胸骨旁位自然横波的三维高帧率成像

IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3538819

Annette Caenen;Konstantina Papangelopoulou;Laurine Wouters;Ekaterina Seliverstova;Jens-Uwe Voigt;Jan D’Hooge

{"title":"3D High-Frame-Rate Imaging of Natural Shear Waves in the Parasternal View of the Heart","authors":"Annette Caenen;Konstantina Papangelopoulou;Laurine Wouters;Ekaterina Seliverstova;Jens-Uwe Voigt;Jan D’Hooge","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3538819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3538819","url":null,"abstract":"Most clinical studies use a 2D parasternal long-axis view to measure natural shear waves after valve closure for myocardial stiffness assessment. However, its 3D wave propagation direction and its alignment with the 2D imaging plane are not well understood. Previous 3D research has mainly focused on wave propagation from an apical view, primarily tracking the longitudinal component of wave motion instead of the transverse component observed in the parasternal view. Therefore, this work aims to bridge this gap by using 3D high-frame-rate imaging in the parasternal view in 6 healthy volunteers (~750 volumes/s), and compared its results to 2D measurements (~1000 frames/s). We found a more complex wave propagation pattern after mitral valve closure encompassing two wave excitation sources, whereas the wave propagation after aortic valve closure clearly originated near the left ventricular outflow tract. The extent of the wave excitation region varied across volunteers. For the septal wall – tracked in 2D shear wave imaging, the overall wave propagation was from base to apex, which is theoretically in line with the 2D imaging plane orientation. However, wave speed estimations were lower for 3D measurements than for 2D (-0.7 m/s for mitral valve and -0.5 m/s for AVC, on average), potentially due to misalignment of the 2D imaging plane with the longitudinal direction of the heart.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10870294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0