IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control最新文献

{"title":"Multiple-Node Time Transfer Over Star Fiber Network Without Requiring Link Calibration","authors":"Kunfeng Xie;Liang Hu;Jianping Chen;Guiling Wu","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3541156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3541156","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we proposed a point-to-multipoint fiber-optic time transfer scheme over a star-shaped fiber network based on bidirectional frequency division multiplexing without requiring link calibration. The time signals at the local station and remote stations are encoded into time-varying signals within in different spectral passbands, respectively. The optical carriers with the same wavelength are employed to transfer the two time-varying signals in both directions over a single fiber. The backscattering noises from fiber links can be effectively suppressed by simply electrical filtering due to the non-overlapping on spectrum between the forward and backward time-varying signals. The local station broadcasts the time signal of the reference clock to all remote stations based on space division multiplexing to support point-to-multipoint fiber-optic time transfer. The proposed scheme is demonstrated over a star-shaped fiber network with two remote stations. The results show that the measured mean clock difference can be less than -1.03 ps and 4.99 ps without link calibration, respectively. The measured time stability in terms of time deviation is better than 19.93 ps@1s, 0.50 ps@1000s and 25.35 ps@1s, 0.65 ps@1000s.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10879779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D High-Frame-Rate Imaging of Natural Shear Waves in the Parasternal View of the Heart","authors":"Annette Caenen;Konstantina Papangelopoulou;Laurine Wouters;Ekaterina Seliverstova;Jens-Uwe Voigt;Jan D’Hooge","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3538819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3538819","url":null,"abstract":"Most clinical studies use a 2D parasternal long-axis view to measure natural shear waves after valve closure for myocardial stiffness assessment. However, its 3D wave propagation direction and its alignment with the 2D imaging plane are not well understood. Previous 3D research has mainly focused on wave propagation from an apical view, primarily tracking the longitudinal component of wave motion instead of the transverse component observed in the parasternal view. Therefore, this work aims to bridge this gap by using 3D high-frame-rate imaging in the parasternal view in 6 healthy volunteers (~750 volumes/s), and compared its results to 2D measurements (~1000 frames/s). We found a more complex wave propagation pattern after mitral valve closure encompassing two wave excitation sources, whereas the wave propagation after aortic valve closure clearly originated near the left ventricular outflow tract. The extent of the wave excitation region varied across volunteers. For the septal wall – tracked in 2D shear wave imaging, the overall wave propagation was from base to apex, which is theoretically in line with the 2D imaging plane orientation. However, wave speed estimations were lower for 3D measurements than for 2D (-0.7 m/s for mitral valve and -0.5 m/s for AVC, on average), potentially due to misalignment of the 2D imaging plane with the longitudinal direction of the heart.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10870294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"k²₃₃Estimation of Thin Films via Piezoelectric Stiffening Using Ultrasonic Reflectometry","authors":"Yohkoh Shimano;Motoshi Suzuki;Takahiko Yanagitani","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3537962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3537962","url":null,"abstract":"A method for estimating intrinsic electromechanical coupling coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{{33}}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of piezoelectric thin films using piezoelectrically stiffened acoustic velocity <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and unstiffened acoustic velocity <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was proposed. <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> velocities of thin films in the sub-GHz range were estimated by ultrasonic reflectometry. Directly depositing a film specimen on the backside of the ultrasonic delay line eliminates the need for a coupler layer and avoids acoustic attenuation in the layer. The <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> velocity can be estimated from the phase differences of the echoes: before and after the film specimen is deposited. In contrast, <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> velocity can be estimated from the phase difference when the film specimen is under the open circuit and the short circuit. The intrinsic <inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{{33}}^{{2}}{}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be obtained from the relationship of <inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{{33}}^{{2}}~text {=}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 1 – (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}})^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For the Sc0.4Al0.6N thin film specimen, <inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{{33}}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was determined to be 11.6% from <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 8400 m/s and 7900 m/s, respectively. For the ZnO thin film specimen, <inline-formula> <tex-math>${k}_{{33}}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was estimated to be 4.7% from <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V}^{text {E}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 6250 m/s and 6100 m/s, respectively. These values are in good agreement with previously reported results.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"5 ","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10869444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Open Journal of Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Vol. 4","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3537476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3537476","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"4 ","pages":"247-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10864476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerator Architecture for Plane-Wave Ultrasound Image Reconstruction in Fourier Domain","authors":"Pooriya Navaeilavasani;Daler Rakhmatov","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3530395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3530395","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast ultrasound imaging based on coherent plane-wave compounding (CPWC) enables very high data acquisition rates in the order of thousands of frames per second. This capability allows the user to capture and characterize fast-changing dynamics of blood flow or tissue motion, thus facilitating advanced biomedical diagnostics. Fast data acquisition should be supported by high image reconstruction rates, which translates into significant computational demands. To address this issue, several state-of-the-art hardware accelerators for CPWC image reconstruction, or beamforming, have been reported in the literature. They primarily target time-domain methods based on delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming. For the first time, this article proposes a novel hardware architecture for accelerating Fourier-domain image reconstruction, based on an efficient migration technique from geophysics. Our FPGA implementation of one specific architectural instance achieves the reconstruction throughput of 1,380 frames per second (without compounding), where each complex-valued “analytic” image frame consists of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2048times 128~64$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bit data samples. The presented work also aims to motivate further research into hardware support for Fourier-domain migration. This technique is asymptotically faster than conventional DAS beamforming; however, its efficient hardware realization is challenging, partly due to its relatively large memory footprint.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"4 ","pages":"231-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10843301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3525767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3525767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"4 ","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10832403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurately Predicting the Performance of Polymer-Based CMUTs by Coupling Finite-Element and Analytical Models","authors":"Martin Angerer;Jonas Welsch;Carlos D. Gerardo;Edmond Cretu;Robert Rohling","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3526123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2025.3526123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a hybrid modeling approach to accurately predict the performance of polymer-based Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (polyCMUTs) by coupling finite element analysis (FEA) with analytical methods. The coupled FEA and analytical (CFA) model integrates characteristics from a single-cell FEA into a multi-cell equivalent circuit. Acoustic cross-coupling between cells is considered using analytical methods, and the acoustic far-field is computed via the Rayleigh integral. We validated the model on rectangular designs with 11x11 cells and varying cell-to-cell pitches. CFA results showed in average less than 7% deviation from full FEA in terms of center frequency, fractional bandwidth, and peak sensitivity, while requiring less than 1% of the computation time. We also observed good agreements with measurements, with a deviation of 17% for the rectangular designs and less than 4% for a larger linear array element (428 cells) we recently produced. This makes the CFA model a powerful tool for fast design exploration and optimization of CMUTs.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"4 ","pages":"227-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10824871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VisR Ultrasound With Non-Normal ARF-AoS Incidence Interrogates Both Shear and Young’s Elastic Moduli in Transversely Isotropic Materials","authors":"Sabiq Muhtadi;Caterina M. Gallippi","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2024.3520516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2024.3520516","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the potential for interrogating the Young’s elastic moduli in anisotropic media, including tissue, using Viscoelastic Response (VisR) ultrasound. VisR is an on-axis acoustic radiation force (ARF)-based elasticity imaging method that has been demonstrated previously for assessing the shear elastic moduli of transversely isotropic (TI) materials when the applied ARF excitation was incident normal to the axis of symmetry (AoS). It is hypothesized that by applying a range of non-normal ARF excitations and monitoring the percent change in VisR-derived relative elasticity (RE) versus ARF-AoS incidence angle, both the shear and the Young’s elastic moduli may be interrogated. The hypothesis was tested using in silico experiments, which showed that while RE measured at normal ARF-AoS incidence was related to only longitudinal shear modulus (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${boldsymbol{{mu }_{L}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) alone, the percent change in RE over ARF-AoS incidence angle (defined as \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${boldsymbol{Delta RE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) exhibited a strong linear correlation with the ratio of longitudinal shear-to-Young’s moduli (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${boldsymbol{{mu }_{L}{/}{E}_{L}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), with correlation coefficients of 0.97-0.99. Additionally, the linear regression slopes of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${boldsymbol{Delta RE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 versus ARF-AoS incidence angle statistically discriminated TI materials with \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${boldsymbol{{mu }_{L}{/}{E}_{L}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 ratios that were as little as 7% different. These findings were validated ex vivo in chicken pectoralis major and bovine longissimus dorsi muscles, where the rate of change in of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${boldsymbol{Delta RE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 versus ARF-AoS incidence angle distinguished the two muscles with statistical significance. The results obtained in this study suggest that the rate of change of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${boldsymbol{Delta RE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 with ARF-AoS incidence angle may serve as a novel, semi-quantitative biomarker for characterizing anisotropic tissues such as kidney, skeletal muscle, and breast.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"4 ","pages":"204-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10807274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Demonstration of Pulse-Echo Imaging With a Long Monolithic Flexible CMUT Array","authors":"Amirhossein Omidvar;Robert N. Rohling;Edmond Cretu;Mark E. Cresswell;Antony J. Hodgson","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2024.3506532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2024.3506532","url":null,"abstract":"Conformal ultrasound imaging using large-area transducer arrays is an emerging technology with significant potential for real-time, continuous, functional, and health monitoring applications. This study addresses the challenge of fabricating such transducer arrays by presenting the development and preliminary imaging performance of a monolithic flexible capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array—the longest reported to date. A 128-element, 91 mm long flexible array was designed and fabricated using a lithography process, with SU-8 CMUT structures on a bendable polyimide substrate. The array was then packaged by mounting it onto a flexible printed circuit board and coated with a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer for in vivo testing. Electrical impedance measurements confirmed the full functionality of all transducer elements, with an average center resonant frequency of 5.84 MHz (SD: 0.14 MHz). Pulse-echo imaging experiments demonstrated the array’s capability to detect specular reflections and resolve fine features under various curvatures. In vivo scans revealed outlines of a finger and superficial tissues in the forearm. Despite the limitations associated with the lack of custom front-end electronics and low signal-to-noise ratio beamforming strategies, this work demonstrates the feasibility of manufacturing a flexible CMUT array suitable for large-area conformal sonography.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"4 ","pages":"191-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10767731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 3D Estimation of Mechanical Wave Velocities in the Heart: Methods and Insights","authors":"Mohammad Mohajery;Sebastien Salles;Torvald Espeland;Morten Smedsrud Wigen;Solveig Fadnes;Lasse Lovstakken","doi":"10.1109/OJUFFC.2024.3494693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJUFFC.2024.3494693","url":null,"abstract":"The velocity of mechanical waves (MW) in the heart reflects myocardial tissue properties. Different wave velocity estimation methods have been proposed, using the slope of the wave projection in M-mode, or based on the gradient of the time-of-flight (TOF) map (gradient method). In this work, we compare these methods using a simulation and 3D wave propagation in vivo. Waves were detected using both clutter filter wave imaging (CFWI) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). The effect of pipeline parameters on velocity estimation was studied. Finally, an in vivo investigation was made for healthy controls and patients with aortic stenosis. When the wave propagation was mainly in-plane, all methods yielded similar results, verified using both simulations and in vivo data. However, velocity overestimation occurred due to misalignment between the M-line and the wave propagation direction, and for wave-view misalignment when using the 2D gradient method. The gradient method was sensitive to processing parameters, where smoothing of the TOF map also led to an overestimation of the wave velocities. For our data, CFWI provided the most robust results, however, the choice of filter cutoff influenced the output, which became similar to TDI for high cutoff velocities. Our study shows that the gradient method can provide similar results as the M-mode slope when the wave propagation is aligned in-plane, and further provide localized wave velocity estimates in 2D and 3D, limited by smoothing requirements. This can be advantageous for mapping heterogeneous tissue properties, and the method can provide valuable clinical insight in the future.","PeriodicalId":73301,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control","volume":"4 ","pages":"177-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10747501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}