IEEE journal of radio frequency identification最新文献

{"title":"Physics-Informed Bayesian Inference for Soil Moisture Estimation Using Passive Commercial Off-the-Shelf RFID","authors":"Nedal M. Benelmekki;Dolores Rexachs;Gerard Zamora;Jordi Bonache;Jose Lopez Vicario;Antoni Morell","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2026.3731858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2026.3731858","url":null,"abstract":"Water demand in agriculture is a major sustainability concern, especially under the increasing pressure imposed by climate change and recurrent droughts. Within this context, Agriculture 4.0 seeks intelligent and accessible technological solutions to improve resource management. In line with this scope, this paper presents a Bayesian signal processing approach consisting of a low-cost, fully passive, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) RFID-based indirect soil moisture sensor that exploits radio-frequency (RF) propagation losses in soil as a sensing mechanism. The proposed system follows an edge-oriented architecture in which RFID acquisition, preprocessing, and physical-parameter extraction are performed locally, while Bayesian inference is carried out at the back-end. To estimate volumetric water content (VWC), a physics-informed propagation model is introduced to separate moisture-independent link-budget and environmental effects from the additional attenuation induced by soil moisture. The suggested probabilistic framework is particularly suited to data-scarce agricultural scenarios, where prior physical knowledge and posterior uncertainty quantification become key for reliable inference. Experimental results show that the proposed approach recovers physically interpretable attenuation trends and achieves accurate VWC estimation. In the tested setup, the best model achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.19% VWC, while edge implementation reduced transmitted payload by 99.77%, supporting scalable deployment in resource-constrained scenarios.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"10 ","pages":"735-755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148925665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Regulatory and Technological Gaps in CubeSat Deorbiting for Sustainable Low Earth Orbit Communications","authors":"Elham Baneshi;Daniel Faran;Daniel Asante;Sajad Saraygord Afshari;Philip A. Ferguson","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2026.3728245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2026.3728245","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of CubeSat missions has expanded access to space for diverse applications and high-bandwidth, low-latency communication. This expansion has intensified concerns regarding orbital debris and the long-term sustainability of Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Current regulations prescribe post-mission disposal periods of five to twenty-five years. This paper evaluates the gap between these regulatory requirements and the engineering capabilities of 1U, 3U, and 6U CubeSats in sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). Orbital lifetimes were simulated using ESA’s Debris Risk Assessment and Mitigation Analysis (DRAMA), and disposal velocity increments were obtained from NASA’s Debris Assessment Software (DAS) by interpolating continuous <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Delta V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–altitude relationships. Under the nominal assumptions adopted in this study, natural atmospheric decay is sufficient only at lower altitudes, whereas missions above approximately 500 km require additional disposal measures. A first-order sensitivity analysis using ±10% variations in area-to-mass ratio showed that compliance thresholds may shift by approximately 25 km without altering the overall altitude-dependent trends. Passive drag-enhancement approaches, including inflatable devices and drag sails, extend the range of compliant operating altitudes but introduce deployment, structural, and reliability challenges. Although propulsion-based disposal provides greater capability at higher altitudes, it is constrained by propellant storage, spacecraft resources, transportation regulations, pressure-vessel certification, and launch-provider safety requirements. A case study of the LISSA 6U CubeSat illustrates this design gap: the estimated disposal requirement of approximately 19 m/s substantially exceeds the approximately 4.1 cm/s available from its current low-pressure CO2 propulsion system. The results demonstrate that disposal thresholds are mission-specific nominal estimates and highlight the importance of considering orbit selection, disposal strategy, propulsion capability, and regulatory constraints during the early stages of CubeSat mission design.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"10 ","pages":"661-674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148925668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-Sustainable RFID Antennas on Plasticized Starch Enabled by RF-Optimized Laser-Induced Graphene Transfer","authors":"Alessio Mostaccio;Federica Pucci;Francesca De Rossi;Alessandra Bianco;Gaetano Marrocco","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2026.3711055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2026.3711055","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for sustainable RFID and sensing systems drives the transition toward biodegradable materials and low-energy fabrication. Conventional conductors and petroleum-based polymers (e.g., PET, PI) ensure high performance but lack environmental compatibility. This work introduces a near-metal-free fabrication process for conductive and biodegradable antennas based on Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) transferred onto Plasticized Starch (PS). Since PS is unsuitable for direct laser-writing, a LIG master acts as a transfer matrix. Conductive patterns are imprinted onto the PS film through a low-temperature curing and peeling process. A parametric analysis identifies the optimal curing conditions, assessing the morphological homogeneity and the electrical stability of the transferred traces. Results demonstrate a sheet resistance as low as <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.8 Omega /mathrm {sq}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with nearly 100% geometrical integrity and excellent adhesion. As a demonstrator, a C-dipole antenna for smart packaging is fabricated and tested, exhibiting high robustness against repeated bending and reliable operation in realistic scenarios. Applied to food-filled packages, the antenna provides a read range of 45–60 cm, in the worst case scenario, which is compatible with proximity identification on smart shelves. By combining a bio-derived substrate with a carbon-based conductor, this platform eliminates the need for metal-plastic separation, significantly reducing the complexity of end-of-life recovery.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"10 ","pages":"505-515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148504374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spiking Neural Network-Based Adaptive Multi-Tag Identification Algorithm for Anti-Collision in UHF RFID Systems","authors":"Zuxu Xiao;Xiaofeng Lin;Tianhao Long;Xianming Liu;Shan He;Donghui Guo","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2026.3710540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2026.3710540","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) has been widely applied in the internet of things (IoT) and smart logistics, but tag collisions lead to a decrease in recognition efficiency. Dynamic frame slotted Aloha (DFSA) is the main anti-collision algorithm, but existing approaches have problems in trade-offs among estimation accuracy, computational complexity, and hardware deployability. Here we propose a spiking neural network-based dynamic frame adjustment (SNN-DFA) algorithm that conforms to the EPC C1 GEN2 standard. In the SNN estimator, a Kalman filtering (KF)-inspired prediction-update mechanism is embedded into the temporal evolution of the SNN, enabling accurate tag population estimation with low computational overhead in short frames. Adaptive frame adjustment is driven by a multi-objective reward function, which jointly considers time throughput, collision bias, and slot utilization rate to select the optimal Q value. The experimental results indicate that the average estimation error of the SNN estimator is below 5%. The average slot efficiency of the SNN-DFA algorithm is 0.3560, and the time efficiency is 0.3584, which is better than the existing DFSA schemes. These results demonstrate that the proposed SNN-based approach provides an effective and hardware-friendly solution for intelligent RFID anti-collision applications.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"10 ","pages":"586-598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148747282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metasurface-Enhanced Near-Field Communication Coils","authors":"Zahra Hamzavi-Zarghani;Jasmin Grosinger","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2026.3740833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2026.3740833","url":null,"abstract":"Metallic proximity degrades near-field communication (NFC) performance by inducing eddy currents and distorting the coils magnetic field. Conventional NFC systems typically employ ferrite sheets to mitigate these effects. In this work, we propose a thin metasurface composed of an array of capacitor-loaded split-ring resonators tuned to the NFC operating frequency of 13.56 MHz to suppress metal-induced degradation. A printed NFC coil above a metal plate is investigated for three configurations: metal only, metal with ferrite, and metal with the proposed metasurface. Full-wave simulations and measurements demonstrate that the metasurface enhances the magnetic-field intensity and improves coil–metal decoupling. Experimental results show an improvement in transmission coefficient of up to 7.9 dB over an 80 mm transfer distance compared with the metal-only case. Read-range measurements with a commercial NFC reader confirm an increase from 48 mm to 72 mm when the metasurface is used. The proposed approach provides a compact, tunable, and fabrication-friendly alternative to ferrite shielding for metal-tolerant NFC systems, without added bulk or material cost, and avoids the sustainability drawbacks of ferrites.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"10 ","pages":"929-938"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11732349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RF Signal Feature Detection and Identification Method Unaffected by Complex Environments Based on I/Q Data","authors":"Xiao Zhao;Po Shao;Zhenjia Chen","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2026.3678561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2026.3678561","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the proliferation of frequency-using devices, incidents such as the misuse of electromagnetic spectrum resources, the establishment of unauthorized radio stations to transmit illegal information, and the occupation of primary user spectrum resources by unknown signal sources have occurred with increasing frequency. These incidents pose serious risks to society, resulting in adverse effects and significant harm. Radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting technology offers a new approach to wireless network security. RF fingerprints are based on the physical level of the device and cannot be easily changed. Even devices produced from the same batch have subtle differences. This paper proposes a unique identity feature detection and identification method of RF signal unaffected by complex environment. Based on distributed electromagnetic spectrum system, I/Q data of target signal is acquired. The I/Q distance-received signal strength (RSS) characteristic curve is obtained by processing and further processed to obtain the characteristic parameters. After the features of the target radio device are extracted, they are stored in the RF fingerprint database. Feature identification is achieved by comparing the newly extracted features with those already present in the database. Finally, the target signal is marked according to the feature. The experiments verify that the method has good environmental invariance and discrimination. This allows for direct association between a detected signal and its stored fingerprint.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"10 ","pages":"271-286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impedance Matching of Time-Variant Transponders","authors":"Meng Yang;Nicolas Barbot;Simon Hemour","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2026.3712100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2026.3712100","url":null,"abstract":"Impedance matching is a wide spread concept in engineering, mainly employed to analyze the transfer of energy. In the most common case, the matching is used to maximize the power transfer between the source and the load. This matching is known as complex conjugate matching. However matching in the case of variable load impedance value remains an open problem. In this paper, three matching methods are proposed for linear time-varying systems (i.e., where the load impedance value is a function of time). All three matching methods allow one to determine the (fixed) source impedance value to either maximize the power dissipated into the load, minimize the static power reflected to the source or maximize the modulated power reflected to the source. These matching conditions are fundamentally different compared to the “averaged” conjugate matching.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"10 ","pages":"516-531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148504437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smarttendance: A BLE-Based Mobile Application for Real-Time Session Attendance Tracking","authors":"Vladimir Pleština;Luka Munivrana;Sven Gotovac","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2026.3680246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2026.3680246","url":null,"abstract":"Tracking attendance in organized sessions is a crucial but time-consuming task in many institutional and professional environments. Traditional methods, such as manual roll calls or paper-based sign-ins, are inefficient, error-prone, and difficult to scale. This paper presents Smarttendance, an automated attendance tracking system that leverages Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology and mobile applications to verify participant presence in real time. The system enables a session coordinator to scan for nearby participants whose mobile devices broadcast anonymized unique identifiers, significantly reducing administrative overhead while improving accuracy and transparency. Developed using Flutter and Dart, Smarttendance offers cross-platform compatibility, currently supports Android devices and is architected for future compatibility with iOS. A dedicated backend infrastructure supports secure identity management and real-time attendance data storage. Experimental evaluation conducted across multiple physical scenarios — including line-of-sight conditions in a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> m classroom, detection through a Ytong block wall, and detection with devices enclosed in a wooden cabinet — demonstrates 100% detection success across all conditions (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$n = 20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> per condition), with mean detection latencies ranging from 294 ms to 1125 ms depending on environmental factors. The proposed solution is energy-efficient, utilizing BLE’s low-power communication model to minimize device battery consumption while maintaining reliable detection accuracy.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"10 ","pages":"444-455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11473285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148504447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RF-Aware CSI Sensing in Deep Neural Compression Models for Activity and Location Recognition","authors":"Avnish Aryan;Sudhir Kumar","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2026.3706563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2026.3706563","url":null,"abstract":"Channel State Information (CSI) based RF sensing enables device free human activity recognition (HAR) and indoor location recognition, making it attractive for smart RFID-enabled and RF-assisted sensing environments. However, CSI-based sensing relies on fine-grained amplitude and phase variations that are sensitive to numerical precision, quantization noise, and edge-device constraints. Existing deep learning models for CSI processing are computationally intensive and do not explicitly account for CSI-specific signal characteristics, limiting their deployment on resource-constrained platforms. This paper presents an RF-aware and deployment-oriented deep learning framework for CSI based joint HAR and location recognition. We propose DB-XNet, a lightweight dual-branch convolutional architecture that separately processes CSI amplitude and phase, and adaptively fuses them through cross-channel attention, thereby preserving complementary RF information under resource constraints. On the ARIL benchmark, DB-XNet achieves state-of-the-art performance with 95.40% HAR accuracy and 99.30% location accuracy, while maintaining a compact footprint of only 0.54M parameters and a model size of 2.08 MB. We further perform a systematic compression aware study using multiple structured pruning methods and custom bit width quantization (2-8 bits), and validate the findings on the JUST RF CSI dataset. The results show that HAR is more sensitive to compression than location recognition, highlighting the stronger dependence of HAR on fine-grained CSI dynamics. After applying combined pruning and quantization, DB-XNet achieves up to a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> inference speedup on a Raspberry Pi 4, demonstrating its feasibility for real-time low-power RF sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"10 ","pages":"428-443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Space-Debris Tracking and Inter-Satellite Communications via Waveform Superposition","authors":"Keywan Mohammadi;Khaled Humadi;Elham Baladi;Güneş Karabulut Kurt","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2026.3729704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2026.3729704","url":null,"abstract":"Space debris continues to emerge as a critical threat to the safety of human-made space technologies. We address this issue by developing a low-complexity integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) design that integrates linear frequency modulated (LFM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms for joint debris tracking and inter-satellite communication. In the proposed method, the two waveforms are non-orthogonally combined and share the available power resource, allowing each waveform to perform its designated task, namely, debris tracking via the LFM signal and inter-satellite communication via the OFDM waveform. To alleviate the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) degradation at the radar receiver, a Sage-Husa adaptive Kalman filter (SHAKF) is incorporated to enhance the sensing measurements’ quality under low SINR conditions. Unlike the conventional Kalman filter (KF), the SHAKF method recursively estimates the state noise covariance matrix (SNCM) and observation noise covariance matrix (ONCM), reducing its reliance on accurately known noise statistics. In our considered ISAC application, however, occasional disturbances may cause the covariance estimates to become non-positive-definite, resulting in unstable state estimation and potential filter failure. To improve the robustness of the SHAKF implementation, modified SNCM and ONCM estimation techniques are incorporated and adapted to the considered ISAC-based debris-tracking framework. The resulting integrated approach is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations, which demonstrates improved space-debris sensing performance compared with the conventional KF, while simultaneously enabling reliable inter-satellite communication.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"10 ","pages":"675-686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148924060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}