Hygiene and environmental health advances最新文献

{"title":"Metal(loid)s in herbal medicines and their infusions: Levels, transfer rate, and potential risks to human health","authors":"Razegheh Akhbarizadeh ,&nbsp;Sina Dobaradaran ,&nbsp;Jörg Spitz ,&nbsp;Azam Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Agnes Tekle-Röttering ,&nbsp;Gabriel E. De-la-Torre ,&nbsp;Mozhgan Keshtkar","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since ancient times, communities have widely used herbal medicines and their teas for therapeutic properties. In the present study, the concentration, transfer rate, and potential health risks of metal(loid)s (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr, and Zn) in 30 traditional herbal medicines (ten species from various countries) collected from Persian markets were investigated. The results indicated the wide variations of detected metals in the medicinal herbs. Mn and Sr had the highest concentrations in the herbal medicine and their infusions. Also, Cd levels of five dried plants exceeded the recommended values. Base on the findings of discriminant analysis, the dried Cheeseweed, Hollyhocks, Thymus, Pennyroyal, and Bugloss had the lowest metal levels. Furthermore, Cd in Senna and Marjoram infusions was displayed a carcinogenic risk for children. Considering that some of the studied plants were imported, a high level of Cd in medicinal plants and their products could pose a serious risk to human health worldwide. On the other hand, due to the poor extractability of analyzed metals (transfer rate &lt; 30%), their levels in herbal infusions and their hazard indices were lower than international guidelines for adults. Hence, although preparing water-based extract may be an effective way to reduce the intake of toxic metals from herbal medicines, the presence of toxic metals in infusions may pose a risk to vulnerable groups, such as children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44525159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accessibility to safe and hygienic sanitation facilities and the prevalence of open-air defecation among the school going adolescents in rural Puducherry","authors":"Surabhi Gitika Priya ,&nbsp;Jayalakshmy Ramakrishnan ,&nbsp;Premkumar Ramasubramani ,&nbsp;Jeby Jose Olickal ,&nbsp;Sadhana Subramanian ,&nbsp;Subitha Lakshminarayanan","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Despite various government initiatives to promote sanitary practices, open-air defecation (OAD) practice among school-going adolescents in rural India is still evident. The unhygienic sanitary practices propagate a vicious cycle of disease transmission affecting their nutritional status. The study aims to find the accessibility to safe, hygienic sanitation facilities and the prevalence of OAD open-air defecation practice, and the factors associated with it among the school-going adolescents in rural Puducherry.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>It was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted among school-going adolescents in a rural Puducherry. Information on the sociodemographic, behavioural, and nutritional characteristics was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire in EpiData Version.3.03. Haemoglobin estimation was done using a portable hemoglobinometer and anaemia was categorized as per the WHO guidelines. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 19.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of the 773 school-going adolescents, 74.6% (95% CI:73.4–80.2) had accessibility to safe and hygienic-sanitary toilets and 35.2% (95% CI: 31.9–38.6%) had the practise of OAD. Haemoglobin was estimated in 352 study participants. Among adolescents practising OAD, 87 (75%) were found to be anaemic compared to 143 (60.6%) among those without OAD practice. Statistically significant proportions of adolescents living in kutcha houses were practising OAD compared to semi-pucca or pucca houses. As per the national programme, 88.9% and 86.3% of the study participants consumed IFA and deworming tablets, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Due to the inaccessibility to safe and hygienic sanitation facilities and the lack of knowledge on the same, the school-going adolescents practised open-air defecation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42230156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revelations to indoor air pollutants and health risk assessment on women: A case study","authors":"Samridhi Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Anam Taushiba ,&nbsp;Farheen Zehra ,&nbsp;Somil Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Alfred Lawrence","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Household air pollution has been identified as a global threat in recent decades. The partial combustion of solid fuel is a leading reason for indoor pollution in middle- and low-income countries and has been estimated to cause around 3.5 million death per year globally. Women become the most vulnerable to these household air pollution due to their exceptional physical possessions and higher exposure duration. The current study aims to identify the possible exposure conditions of indoor air pollution in women. The study starts with a questionnaire survey to assess the health-related issues distinguishing women further leading to the sampling of air pollutants in the kitchen area of different homes (n=10) bifurcated on the basis of the nature of the family. Further, the concentration obtained was utilized for health risk assessment using ICRP and MPPD modelling techniques. The concentration trend observed shows a higher concentration of particulate matter in joint family kitchens. According to MPPD modelling the highest deposition as determined was for PM_2.5 and the fraction distributed was 55.9% in the head region, 6.7% in the tracheobronchial region and 37.2% in the pulmonary region. The lowest deposition was obtained for PM_0.5 with the highest deposition fraction obtained for the pulmonary region (61.1%) followed by the head region(21.45%) and the tracheobronchial region (17.3%). Precisely, the present study gives a clear picture about lung deposition of particulate matter present in an indoor setting specifically in women. Also, it throws light upon different sources and scenarios regarding indoor air pollution prevailing among the population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45078779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between extreme ambient heat exposure and diabetes-related hospital admissions and emergency department visits: A systematic review","authors":"Donghong Gao ,&nbsp;Samantha Friedman ,&nbsp;Akiko Hosler ,&nbsp;Scott Sheridan ,&nbsp;Wangjian Zhang ,&nbsp;Shao Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Diabetes is an increasing public health concern worldwide. The impact of extreme heat exposure on diabetes healthcare utilization such as diabetes-related hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits was understudied although extreme temperature exposure was linked with diabetes mortality. In addition, very few systematic reviews have been conducted in this field. This review aims to systematically evaluate the currently available evidence on the association between extreme ambient heat exposure and hospital admissions/ED visits for diabetes and the vulnerable population to heat extremes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic literature review was conducted by using the keywords/terms “ambient temperature or heatwave or heat wave or extreme temperature or high temperature effect” and “diabetes morbidity or diabetes hospital admissions or diabetes emergency room visits” for available publications until August 2022. The heat exposure was categorized into four groups using difference definitions. The outcomes were diabetes-related hospital admissions/ED visits. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled effects of relative risk (RR)/odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each of the associations of interest.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Eighteen articles were selected from forty full-text, English written papers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall pooled effect of excessive heat on diabetes, across all groups, was 1.045 (95% CI: 1.024-1.066). The pooled effects for each exposure group were significant/borderline significant. Additionally, the pooled effect of the RR/OR was 1.100 (95% CI: 1.067-1.135) among adults aged 65 years or older. The most controlled confounders were air pollutants. The commonly listed limitation in those studies was misclassification of exposure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The body of evidence supports that ambient extreme heat exposure is associated with diabetes-related hospital admissions/ED visits. Additionally, adults 65 years of age or older with diabetes are vulnerable to heat extremes. Future studies should consider controlling for various biases and confounders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/fc/nihms-1861412.PMC9914517.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9619692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of human biomonitoring studies of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a urinary biomarker pyrethroid insecticide exposure, 1997 to 2019","authors":"Hans-Joachim Lehmler ,&nbsp;Derek Simonsen ,&nbsp;Alana Quintero Garcia ,&nbsp;Nafis Md Irfan ,&nbsp;Laura Dean ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Mirko von Elsterman ,&nbsp;Xueshu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pyrethroid insecticides are used, for example, in agriculture, indoor environments, and mosquito control programs, resulting in human exposure. Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) is a nonspecific biomarker for exposure to many pyrethroids. This systematic review identified human biomonitoring studies with 3-PBA that characterize environmental pyrethroid exposures in children and adolescents, pregnant women, and adults or occupational pyrethroid exposures relative to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) populations in the United States (US). PubMed, Embase, and SciFinder were searched for \"3-phenoxybenzoic acid”, CAS No. 3739–38–6, and urine or urinary or urine level. Duplicate studies and studies meeting the exclusion criteria were removed from the search results based on predetermined exclusion criteria. This screening process identified 57 papers. Twenty-one, thirteen, twenty-two, and eleven manuscripts reported urinary 3-PBA levels in children, pregnant women, environmentally exposed adults, and occupationally exposed adults, respectively. Median 3-PBA levels ranged from 0.2 to 4.7 µg/g creatinine in children (1999–2016), 0.23–1.55 µg/g creatinine in pregnant women (1997–2014), and 0.11–3.34 µg/g creatinine in environmentally exposed adults (1999–2017). 3-PBA levels in occupationally exposed adults were significantly higher than in environmentally exposed populations, ranging from 0.43 to 14 µg/g creatinine (2004–2017). 3-PBA levels in children and adults from the general North American population increased significantly with the sampling year. A decrease in 3-PBA levels was noted in the adult cohorts from PR China and Japan. 3-PBA levels in most studies appeared to be comparable to levels in the NHANES populations; however, some smaller studies had high pyrethroid exposures. Factors contributing to higher 3-PBA levels in the general population included primarily dietary exposures and residential and agricultural pyrethroid applications. These findings demonstrate that pyrethroid exposures are near-ubiquitous worldwide and, in some regions, appear to increase over time. Thus, exposures to pyrethroid insecticides represent a continuing public health concern.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/41/a1/nihms-1861411.PMC9838198.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10538889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of environmental programs on student test scores mediated by school attendance rate","authors":"Bo Ye ,&nbsp;Recai Yucel ,&nbsp;Yanji Qu ,&nbsp;George Thurston ,&nbsp;Xinlei Deng ,&nbsp;Ian Ryan ,&nbsp;Shao Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Little is known regarding whether environmental programs affect student academic performance. We examined if the association between EPA Tools for School (TfS) policies or other environmental programs and student test scores were mediated by student attendance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The 2015 School Building Condition Survey (BCS) was linked with School Report data provided by the New York State Education Department (NYSED). BCS includes school building information from 2,956 public schools while School Report data provides school attendance and test scores for different subjects in NYS. We conducted causal mediation analysis to investigate direct and indirect effects of TfS or other programs, via improving attendance, on test scores for each course while controlling for school-level socio-demographics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>EPA TfS policies were significantly associated with a lower percent of “low total score” for overall math, overall science, and multiple specific subjects (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the associations between TfS and test scores in algebra II, trigonometry, and chemistry were significantly mediated by student attendance rate (-1.376 and -0.563 respectively). Other IAQ programs were also associated with a smaller percent of low-score students in multiple subject tests (all P &lt;0.05). We found a mediated proportion of 6 to 43% by attendance in the association between other IAQ programs and high score academic performance. Implementing TfS and other programs can reduce the proportion of students receiving overall low scores by 2.66% and 1.37%, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>EPA TfS and other IAQ programs improved student test scores in multiple subjects in NYS public schools and was partially mediated by improving attendance rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000289/pdfft?md5=8b8921398a79d339bfd8f59173f36ff6&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000289-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42298103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring students' exposure to temperature and relative humidity in various indoor environments and across seasons using personal air monitors","authors":"Ian Ryan ,&nbsp;Xinlei Deng ,&nbsp;George Thurston ,&nbsp;Haider Khwaja ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Romeiko ,&nbsp;Wangjian Zhang ,&nbsp;Tia Marks ,&nbsp;Fangqun Yu ,&nbsp;Shao Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Background:</strong> Thermal comfort is essential for human well-being. Consistent exposure to uncomfortable thermal conditions indoors leads to reduced academic performance and adverse health outcomes in schoolchildren. In addition, children are more sensitive to thermal conditions due to physiological differences, yet their exposure to thermal conditions has not been adequately measured.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study evaluated students' exposure to temperature and relative humidity (RH) using personal air monitors. In this study, we recruited 90 students from 13 classrooms – 60 from 11 NYS primary school classrooms and 30 from two State University of New York at Albany classrooms. Each participant wore an AirBeam air monitor for 48 hours, and their data was transmitted to a cell phone provided by the researchers.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Primary school students were routinely exposed to temperatures exceeding ASHRAE standards (winter: 75⁰F, summer: 80.5⁰F), particularly in school in the spring (max=102⁰F, median=82⁰F). At home, temperatures exceeded standards in the evening around dinnertime. However, primary students were routinely exposed to RH below recommended standards in classrooms during all seasons (median=29%). However, the RH was significantly lower in the winter than in any other season (median=17%). Finally, university students were exposed to slightly higher temperatures and significantly lower RH than primary schoolchildren in the spring.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> These results suggest that students are exposed to uncomfortable thermal conditions, particularly in classrooms when attending class. Teachers should therefore be given more control over classroom ventilation and thermal conditions, while indoor temperature standards should be adjusted for school children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000290/pdfft?md5=e7609c15801586674eec5ebc8122f8db&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000290-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42900426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A methodological approach to identify communities at risk: Trajectory dispersion models to trace air pollutants during colour festival","authors":"Sneha Gautam,&nbsp;Blessy A,&nbsp;Roshini Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we observe the health effects experienced by the people living in that respective study area by analyzing the hospital admission data. A limited study on the association between air pollutants and the number of hospital admissions is available. The proposed research is an extended version of a previously published article, performed in the year 2019 during the color festival - \"Holi”, the colors used are widespread throughout the festival. Fine particles were monitored and their ion concentrations were analyzed by ion chromatograph. The significant anions (sulphate, nitrate, and chloride) and cations (sodium, potassium, and magnesium) were obtained in fine particles which were higher than the permissible limits. The collected data shows a 0.7% of the increase in hospital admissions after Holi. Dispersion modeling and trajectory analysis have been introduced to understand the dispersion of air pollutants during pre-holi, holi and post-holi. Thus, it is evident that the Holi festival potentially contributes to air pollution, which leads to serious health hazards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000277/pdfft?md5=178cca6f1d6e0dcfed47a16b62501578&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000277-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43781428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle emissions and respiratory exposure to hazardous chemical substances associated with binder jetting additive manufacturing utilizing poly methyl methacrylate","authors":"Sylvia Van Der Walt,&nbsp;Sonette Du Preez,&nbsp;Johannes L Du Plessis","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>During industrial scale binder jetting utilising poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) hazardous chemical substances (HCSs) such as PMMA powder particles, methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acetone may be emitted and potentially inhaled by Additive Manufacturing (AM) operators.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Physical and chemical characterisation of virgin and used PMMA powder samples were characterised in terms of their size, shape and chemical composition. Direct reading particle counting instruments were used to determine particle emissions and emission rates (ER). Internationally recognised methods were used to monitor HCSs in the ambient workplace environment and personal respiratory exposure of the AM operators.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no differences between the median powder size distributions of virgin and used PMMA powders. Scanning Electron Microscopy images indicated the presence of &lt;10 µm and &lt;4 µm sized particles in virgin and used powders. Particle ERs as high as 3.33 × 10⁶ particles/min for 0.01 - ∼1.00 µm sized particles were measured during the post-processing phase. Inhalable and respirable particles, acetone, pentane and toluene were detected in ambient air and AM operators were exposed to quantifiable concentrations of these HCSs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Particles sized 0.01 - ∼1.00 µm were the most prevalent particles emitted, with a maximum ER of 3.33×10⁶ particles/min. Eight-hour Time Weighted Average personal exposures were below their respective Occupational Exposure Limit (OELs), with the exception of inhalable particles (mean &gt;50% of the South African OEL). Recommendations were made to reduce exposure to inhalable particles, which could be applied to other AM facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000332/pdfft?md5=97cfe1930ec8c6cf9d7dcbb9260376cd&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000332-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47191324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrial air pollutant emissions and mortality from Alzheimer's disease in Canada","authors":"Sabit Cakmak ,&nbsp;Olaniyan Toyib ,&nbsp;Chris Hebbern ,&nbsp;Kimberly Mitchell ,&nbsp;Jasmine D. Cakmak ,&nbsp;Eric Lavigne ,&nbsp;Michael Tjepkema ,&nbsp;Naizhuo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heha.2022.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There is increasing interest in the health effects of source-specific air pollution. However, the relationship between industrial air pollutants and Alzheimer's disease has received limited investigation.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To assess associations of industrial fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) exposures with mortality from Alzheimer's disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Approximately 3.2 million adults involved in the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) were followed from Census day (May 16, 2006) until death or December 31, 2016. Three-year moving-average industrial emissions with a one-year lag were assigned to the participants based on their residential postal codes. The neighborhood emission of each of the three industrial air pollutants for a postal code was estimated by considering weights of the air pollutant emissions from all industries within a 15 km buffer area, distances between the postal code area and the emitters, and percentages of time per year that the postal code area was downwind of the industrial emitters. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for deaths from Alzheimer's, adjusting for 15 socio-demographic and contextual covariates. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by adjusting for other industrial emissions, greenness, and comorbidity index, individually.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified 4500 deaths due to Alzheimer's disease from 2006 to 2016 for a total of 32,909,200 person-years across the follow-up period. The adjusted HR for mortality from Alzheimer's related to one interquartile range increase in industrial PM_2.5, NO₂, and SO₂ tonnes/meter per year are 1.006 (95% confidence intervals: 1.000-1.011), 0.994 (0.978-1.011), and 0.998 (0.996-1.001), respectively. Similar positive associations between industrial PM_2.5 and mortality from Alzheimer's disease were observed, but there were no clear associations for NO₂ and SO₂ in sensitivity analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Exposure to industrial PM_2.5 increases the risk of mortality from Alzheimer's disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000198/pdfft?md5=6cfccbf9089b2a20b3e92f0cbdbe8268&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000198-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136884303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}