Hygiene and environmental health advances最新文献

{"title":"A meta-analysis of microbial contaminants in selected ready-to-eat foods in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: Public Health implications and risk-reduction strategies","authors":"Sylvester Chibueze Izah ,&nbsp;Ebitimitula Nicholas Etebu ,&nbsp;Tamaraukepreye Catherine Odubo ,&nbsp;Ayobami Omozemoje Aigberua ,&nbsp;Ikiemoye Iniamagha","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food poisoning is a major public health concern. This study employs a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise and parameterise microbial densities and isolates in ready-to-eat-foods in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A random effect meta-analysis model is used to compare the microbial density of these foods across the various locations and occurrence rate of the commonly isolated microbes. Whereas meta-analysis results for total heterotrophic bacteria range from 3.65–6.58 Log CFU/g with a <em>p =</em> 0.01 measure of heterogeneity, I² =61% and overall effect being insignificantly different (<em>p =</em> 0.73), total fungi range from 3.10–4.03 Log CFU/g with a <em>p =</em> 0.92 measure of heterogeneity, I² =0% and overall effect being significantly different (<em>p =</em> 0.0001). The measure of heterogeneity for the microbial diversity is <em>p =</em> 0.22, I² =24% and overall effect is insignificant (<em>p =</em> 0.51). 22 microbial genera are isolated and <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em> species depict the highest occurrence rate of 90.48 - 100%, 82.08–88.57% and 57.14- 100% respectively. The availability of these microbial diversities suggests a possible risk of food-borne diseases, hence, the need [i] to enlighten the preparers, vendors and consumers of ready-to-eat foods on the health threats posed by microorganisms found in the foods, [ii] for surveillance of ready-to-eat foods in the study area by appropriate regulatory agencies, and [iii] for vendors to improve on their storage and packaging materials as well as make provision for sources of heat in show glasses in order to retain the freshness of cooked food over prolonged periods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000174/pdfft?md5=86394d4fb4e823b29b284479abbff041&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000174-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41526837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential diagnostic role of galactomannan and β-D-glucan in occupational asthmatics in wheat mills","authors":"Safaa Elserougy ,&nbsp;Safia Beshir ,&nbsp;Mohamed El-Gewily ,&nbsp;Mustafa El-Husseini ,&nbsp;Salwa Hafez ,&nbsp;Mohamed El-Hamshary","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Occupational asthma is defined as variable airway obstruction due to exposure to a specific substance in the workplace environment. The aim of the study was to find out the frequency of occupational asthma in wheat mill workers and to explore the role of fungi biomarkers (galactomannan (GM) and β-D-glucan (βDG)) in occupational asthma. Subjects and methods: Assessment of fungi in air was done. Spirometric function of workers (n=120) were assessed during diurnal (before and 15 minutes after inhalation of salbutamol) and nocturnal time. Blood samples were analyzed to measure serum GM and βDG and allergen specific immunoglobulin E. The workers were asked about asthma symptoms. Results and conclusion: A significant proportion of workers had occupational asthma (25%) and only four workers (3.3%) had non-occupational asthma (excluded from the study). The rest were normal (86 workers). <em>Penicillium</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em> were the only species found in the air environment. Mean GM concentration (GM-c) was significantly higher among occupational asthmatics than normal workers. The estimated risk of occupational asthma (Odds ratio) was 13.3 times higher among workers with high GM-c (&gt;1 pg/ml). Ln (GM) was the only significant predictor of PEFR variability. GM has a potential diagnostic role in occupational asthma due to fungal exposure among wheat mill workers. βDG did not have a role in occupational asthma. We recommend that wheat mill flour workers should do periodic spirometric functions and serum GM every 6 - 12 months for early diagnosis and control of occupational asthma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000307/pdfft?md5=a122f1a74989922b695ab40c9eb41ace&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000307-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49149072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic speciation and concentration in the urine of infants in Xiamen, China:A cross-sectional survey","authors":"W. Zhang, Hongwei Li, Hanying Zheng, H. Lan, Yingying Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heha.2022.100037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42734368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of coliphage in effluent: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kaedra R. Jones ,&nbsp;Sorina Eftim ,&nbsp;Alexander J. Lindahl ,&nbsp;Steven Black ,&nbsp;Sharon P. Nappier","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies have illustrated that wastewater treatment methods targeting bacteria do not remove all types of viruses and available epidemiological studies indicate bacteria concentrations may not always be predictive of viral illnesses associated with recreational water exposure. To address these challenges, coliphages have been proposed as an indicator of fecal contamination in recreational water. When compared to traditional fecal indicator bacteria, coliphages exhibit a longer persistence in the environment. The persistence of coliphages in the environment and through wastewater treatment more closely resembles that of pathogenic viruses. We conducted a systematic literature search of peer-reviewed publications to identify coliphage density data (somatic [SC] and male-specific [MSC]) in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent categorized as primary, secondary, tertiary treated, or disinfected. Scope, study quality, and data availability were included as literature review inclusion criteria. An analysis was conducted to estimate the coliphage densities for specific treatment types within each respective WWTP effluent category. Densities of MSC and SC in influent were significantly higher when compared to densities of MSC and SC in effluent subjected to secondary treatment using biological treatment processes both with and without nutrient removal, tertiary treatment using either a treatment pond or a phosphate removal process, or disinfection using either chlorine, UV, or a combination of both UV and chlorine. Distributions of coliphage in various wastewater effluents will be useful for evaluating the efficacy of treatment processes and disinfectants in future microbial risk assessments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000149/pdfft?md5=a3aa19ad0e6b4fdbbd6d2c048702f444&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000149-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42590352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the role of environmental management of forests, air quality, solid waste and wastewater on the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Khaled Al Huraimel,&nbsp;Mohamed Alhosani,&nbsp;Hetasha Gopalani,&nbsp;Shabana Kunhabdulla,&nbsp;Mohammed Hashem Stietiya","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing frequency of zoonotic diseases is amongst several catastrophic repercussions of inadequate environmental management. Emergence, prevalence, and lethality of zoonotic diseases is intrinsically linked to environmental management which are currently at a destructive level globally. The effects of these links are complicated and interdependent, creating an urgent need of elucidating the role of environmental mismanagement to improve our resilience to future pandemics. This review focused on the pertinent role of forests, outdoor air, indoor air, solid waste and wastewater management in COVID-19 dissemination to analyze the opportunities prevailing to control infectious diseases considering relevant data from previous disease outbreaks. Global forest management is currently detrimental and hotspots of forest fragmentation have demonstrated to result in zoonotic disease emergences. Deforestation is reported to increase susceptibility to COVID-19 due to wildfire induced pollution and loss of forest ecosystem services. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 like viruses in multiple animal species also point to the impacts of biodiversity loss and forest fragmentation in relation to COVID-19. Available literature on air quality and COVID-19 have provided insights into the potential of air pollutants acting as plausible virus carrier and aggravating immune responses and expression of ACE2 receptors. SARS-CoV-2 is detected in outdoor air, indoor air, solid waste, wastewater and shown to prevail on solid surfaces and aerosols for prolonged hours. Furthermore, lack of protection measures and safe disposal options in waste management are evoking concerns especially in underdeveloped countries due to high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Inadequate legal framework and non-adherence to environmental regulations were observed to aggravate the postulated risks and vulnerability to future waves of pandemics. Our understanding underlines the urgent need to reinforce the fragile status of global environmental management systems through the development of strict legislative frameworks and enforcement by providing institutional, financial and technical supports.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9095661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and body composition in US adolescents aged 12-18 years: an analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2018","authors":"Li-Zi Lin ,&nbsp;Li Cai ,&nbsp;Zhao-Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Gao ,&nbsp;Yang Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yun Zeng ,&nbsp;Yanqiu Ou ,&nbsp;Guo-Ping Dong ,&nbsp;Peng-Xin Dong ,&nbsp;Qi-Zhen Wu ,&nbsp;Chu Chu ,&nbsp;Lu-Yin Wu ,&nbsp;Li-Xia Liang ,&nbsp;Shuang-Jian Qin ,&nbsp;Xiao-Wen Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiaomiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Guang-Hui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and obesity in adolescent remained unclear when considering imaging based methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used in this study. There were four highly detected PFAS including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). We calculated total mass, fat mass and fat-free mass (i.e., lean mass including bone mineral content) indexes (mass/height²) of total body and three regions [head, trunk and subtotal (i.e., total minus head)]. We assessed the associations using weighted multivariable linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1067 participants aged 12-18 years were included in this study. When adjusting for potential covariates, PFHxS exposure was negatively associated with total fat mass index while positively associated with total fat-free mass index [β=-0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.27 to -0.04; β=0.16, 95%CI: 0.05 to 0.28]. When entering the PFAS mixture in the WQS model, we found similar associations of WQS index with total fat or fat-free mass index (β=-0.04, 95%CI: -0.08 to -0.00; β=0.04, 95%CI: 0.00 to 0.08). Within the PFAS mixture, PFOA exposure made major contributions to the overall effect (56.6% and 44.1% for total fat and fat-free mass index). We did not find any significant association with regard to PFAS exposure and total mass index.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Among US adolescents, higher PFHxS exposure was associated with lower body fat mass and higher fat-free mass in single PFAS models. We observed similar associations of the PFAS mixture with fat and fat-free mass, and PFOA exposure made major contributions to the overall effect. Overall, PFAS exposure might disturb energy balance and body composition in adolescents, and more studies are needed to confirm our findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000095/pdfft?md5=31cabe4cacc8b3f2546b0c304e4c874b&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000095-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46495024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the reproductive toxicity of environmental contaminants in Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"Yunjiang Yu ,&nbsp;Haibo Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Hua ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Chenyin Dong ,&nbsp;Dongli Xie ,&nbsp;Shihui Tan ,&nbsp;Mingdeng Xiang ,&nbsp;Hui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The release of several environmental pollutants poses a potential threat to the several ecosystems and humans. Reproductive toxicity represents one of the most significant toxic effects of environmental contaminants. It is necessary to assess reproductive toxicity and the mechanisms underlying environmental toxicity in organisms. Because of its unique features in toxicology research, <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> is an important animal model used for the toxicity assessment of environmental contaminants. In this review, we introduce the reproductive toxicity and mechanisms underlying the actions of environmental contaminants, including heavy metals, organic pollutants, particulate matter, microplastics, nanomaterials, and irradiation. Moreover, we have put forth some perspectives about toxicity assessments, transgenerational toxicity, and toxicological mechanisms of environmental contaminants in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000071/pdfft?md5=01c567afa08535edaea2516d35ba767c&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49532918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring faecal contamination and relationship of physicochemical variables with faecal indicator bacteria numbers in Bukavu surface waters, tributaries of Lake Kivu in Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Arthur Mubwebwe Bisimwa ,&nbsp;Bramuel Kisuya ,&nbsp;Zoé Malumba Kazadi ,&nbsp;Bamba Bukengu Muhaya ,&nbsp;Alidor Busanga Kankonda","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heha.2022.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in association with physicochemical parameters were monitored twice a month from 2017 to 2019 in the Kahuwa (KW), Wesha (WS), Tshula (TL), Bwindi (BN), and Nyamuhiga (NG) rivers and their tributaries. Results showed severe faecal contamination of waters compared to the WHO standards, and the FIB load levels (Mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB), Total coliforms (TC), Faecal coliforms (FC), and Faecal streptococci (FS)) were varied between stations (Kruskal-Wallis test (K) = 703; <em>p &lt; 0.01</em>) and seasons (Fisher's test (F) = 2.13; <em>p</em> &lt; <em>0.01</em>). However, the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as <em>Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Aeromonas sp., Vibrio cholerae,</em> and other bacteria indicative of faecal contamination were reported. Water temperature (WT) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were within the WHO standards for surface waters, except pH for some stations on KW and NG rivers, where it was highly alkaline. The highest nutrients concentrations (PO₄^3–, NH₄⁺, NO₂^– and NO₃^–) were recorded in the dry season for all stations, except in KW and NG rivers from the midstream to downstream stations. The structural equations regression model (F test, <em>p ≤ 0.05</em> with R²) indicated a significant (<em>p ≤ 0.05</em>) positive correlation between the value of physicochemical parameters (WT, pH, PO₄^3–, NH₄⁺, NO₂^– and NO₃^–) and that of detected FIB numbers, except for DO which negatively affects bacteria numbers. The FC/FS ratio (1.01 – 4.30) linked polluted waters to human sources while the COD/BOD₅ ratio (1.90 – 2.39) categorized them under domestic origin wastewater. The current degradation status of these rivers require a rapid waste management strategy and an efficient sanitation plan development along each catchment. Installation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with biological treatment can mitigate the ecological and health risks of the rivers and the coastal zone of Lake Kivu.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000125/pdfft?md5=6ef8f2fdf6a39b3f663caf41f0c67bb9&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136426727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexabromocyclododecane in edible aquatic products in Guangzhou, China: Levels, compositions, human dietary exposure and health risk assessment","authors":"Xiao-Xia Chen ,&nbsp;Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Li-Juan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yun-Jiang Yu ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Chu-Shan Huang ,&nbsp;Ting-Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Guo-Cheng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heha.2022.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is widely found in nature and accumulates in living organisms. To investigate the characteristics of ∑HBCD in aquatic products in Guangzhou, China, a total of 319 aquatic products were collected, the concentrations of ∑HBCD in their bodies were analyzed, and estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard index (HI) were evaluated. The median concentrations of ∑HBCD in Grass carp (2.00 ng/g lw (lipid weight)), Crucian carp (2.34 ng/g lw), Tilapia (1.57 ng/g lw), Japanese sea perch (2.27 ng/g lw), Crab (4.14 ng/g lw), Undulating Venus (6.98 ng/g lw), Roche Spermatogenesis (1.74 ng/g lw) were in medium levels compare with other researches. A significant positive correlation was observed between ∑HBCD concentrations and lipid content of aquatic organisms, and α-HBCD is the main isomer in organisms. The highest concentration of ∑HBCD were found in samples collected in Huangpu district, which was related to a large number of industrial parks gathered in the administrative region. The EDI of HBCD in aquatic products (0.23–1.65 ng/kg bw*d⁻¹) were at a medium level. The HI of HBCDs in aquatic products in Guangzhou was less than 1, indicating that it poses no threat to human health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000113/pdfft?md5=3545df0c72e7278e4742b0c97c5352f2&pid=1-s2.0-S2773049222000113-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136426009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the spread of cough droplets and body deposition fraction in the smart classroom in different seasons","authors":"Mengfan Jia ,&nbsp;Dan Mei ,&nbsp;Jiaqian Li ,&nbsp;Zihan Liu ,&nbsp;Wenzhu Duan ,&nbsp;Shanshan Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.heha.2022.100015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Smart classrooms are a relatively confined public space for college students. SARS-COV-2 and other respiratory viruses have been shown to pose a more significant threat to human health in relatively confined spaces. Using numerical simulation method to simulate the transmission and concentration distribution of virus-carrying droplets in smart classrooms in three different seasons (summer, winter, transitional seasons: spring and autumn). The Realizable k-ε model is used to simulate the airflow pattern in the smart classroom, and the Lagrangian method is used to simulate the transmission of droplets. The transmission process of droplets produced from the teacher standing on the platform and the student sitting on the seat is studied. The influence of three kinds of outdoor temperature on droplet transmission and the body deposition fraction of people in the smart classroom is analyzed. The results show that droplet transmission speed is maximum at the temperature of 5 degrees when the outdoor temperature is 5 °C, 20 °C, and 35 °C respectively. At 10 s, the transmission distance of droplets increases by 9.55% compared with that at 20 °C and 10.31% compared with that at 35 °C. In addition, the body deposition fraction is also affected by the location of the vent, with downwind contact being 6 times more likely than upwind contact. The research results can provide suggestions and measures for epidemic prevention and control in smart classrooms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73269,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and environmental health advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9439850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}