{"title":"System barriers to the provision of quality maternal health care in two regional teaching and referral hospitals in Kenya: a qualitative study","authors":"Domisiano Koome Impwii , Lucy Kivuti-Bitok","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 66% of global maternal deaths. In Kenya, 362 maternal deaths occur in every 100 000 live births. Most of these deaths occur as a result of suboptimal quality care of mothers during labor, delivery, or within 24 h of delivery. This study explored barriers that nurse-midwives encounter in trying to provide high-quality obstetric care during these periods.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A qualitative research design utilizing focus group discussion as part of a mixed method study was used to find out the participants’ experiences. Data were collected between February and March 2022 in the maternity units of two regional teaching and referral hospitals in Kenya. Eligible participants were nurse-midwives in charge of the maternity unit. The discussion was conducted in English, tape-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed thematically, following Braun and Clarke 6-step framework. Nvivo version 7.0 computer software was used to facilitate this process.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two focused group discussions each involving seven participants were conducted. The participants agreed that maternal mortality due to postpartum hemorrhage and pregnancy-induced hypertension is a major health concern. Further, maternal care in the two hospitals was substandard. Themes that emerged as barriers were: inadequate supplies; inadequate obstetric knowledge and skills; shortage of nurse-midwives, and inadequate support supervision. The underlying factors include inadequate funding by the county government and high staff turnover.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study showed that nurse-midwives are working under very difficult circumstances which are hindering the provision of quality maternal care. This is mainly due to system failures and inadequate nurse-midwife numbers. Targeted strategies need to be urgently implemented to mitigate these challenges to improve the quality of maternal health care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 200-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000933/pdfft?md5=c04af3bcaa5804094b9ff22b1eeb3321&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000933-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138769618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leadership, communication, and science: three pillars essential to public health emergency response and closing the gap in the HIV response among key populations","authors":"Tafadzwa Dzinamarira , Enos Moyo , Perseverance Moyo , Munashe Chimene , Grant Murewanhema","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globally, there have been multiple public health emergencies in recent decades. High rates of morbidity, occasionally mortality, and economic instability are usually associated with pandemics. One of the epidemics that has significantly increased morbidity and mortality worldwide is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. HIV has a disproportionately negative impact on key populations. Strong leadership, effective communication, and sound science are necessary for public health emergency (PHE) responses to be successful. These three PHE response pillars are also essential for bridging the HIV response gap among key populations in the setting of restrictive laws. In this review, we explored the importance of these three pillars of successful PHEs responses, and how they are essential to closing the gap in the HIV response among key populations. Leaders must make decisions and instil a sense of authority in the populace during PHEs to foster trust and confidence. Leaders should base their choices on scientific evidence. Effective communication during PHEs should be proactive, polite, imaginative, innovative, and constructive. To address gaps in the HIV response among key populations, leaders must create a supportive environment for effective communication and scientific research, communication should be used to raise awareness of HIV and to dispel stigma and discrimination, while science should provide evidence of efficacy and effectiveness of interventions among key populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 182-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000921/pdfft?md5=c397bf0da6bd805a8e75691c5c39edaa&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000921-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138769610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bio-effects of 5th generation electromagnetic waves on organs of human beings","authors":"Amit Verma, Vijay Kumar, Shipra Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The uses of devices of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) are increasing day by day. Similarly, the generation of the waves is increasing. The frequency spectrum of the generation of waves is also increased. In this manuscript, an analysis of the high frequency EMWs has been made by the electric fields generated due to the exposure of 5th generation (5 G) of mobile phones.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Due to the emission of waves from the towers, the electric field is generated around the transmission tower of mobile phones. The electric fields are computed by the power of the transmission tower. The electric fields across the biological tissues/cells are also computed when the EMWs penetrate inside the body. The electric fields are made across the organs of different depths inside the body.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The induced electric fields inside the organs of the human beings are responsible for the absorption of energy from high frequency EMWs. The absorbed amount of energy from high frequency waves may become the cause of harmful effects on the life of organs of human beings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this manuscript, after analysis of the computed electric fields inside the organs of human beings, it is concluded that the EMWs of 5 G spectrum of mobile phone towers may more harmful for the life of organs as 4th generation (4 G) spectrum of mobile phone waves. The energy absorption by the 4 G spectrum is lower than 5 G spectrum due to the range of frequency of waves. The effects on the pancreas, retina, skin, intestine, spleen, stomach and uterus are more than low water content organs like nails, bone, teeth etc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 206-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S241464472300091X/pdfft?md5=a409b8691d5174732fc77c5575d9a898&pid=1-s2.0-S241464472300091X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138769554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Mominur Rahman , Bishawjit Chandra Deb , Md. Jahid Hasan , Md. Mahabubul Alam , Tahmina Begum , H.M. Miraz Mahmud , Mohammad Shamimul Islam , Muhammad Shajib Rahman
{"title":"Does higher tax rate affect tobacco usage? Unravelling the nexus between tobacco regulatory control and public health concern","authors":"Md. Mominur Rahman , Bishawjit Chandra Deb , Md. Jahid Hasan , Md. Mahabubul Alam , Tahmina Begum , H.M. Miraz Mahmud , Mohammad Shamimul Islam , Muhammad Shajib Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Bangladesh stands as a prominent global consumer of tobacco, with alarming consequences on public health. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey reported that tobacco consumption claimed over 126 000 lives in 2018, contributing to 13.5% of all deaths in the country. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of higher tax rates and tobacco use regulation as control mechanisms in mitigating tobacco consumption and health care cost burden, with a particular emphasis on its implications for public health.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study is based on the annual time series data over the period 2000–2020. The study employs the ordinary least square method to analyze the quantitative confirming the stationarity of data at level. This research uses different models to investigate individual effects and combined effects on both tobacco consumption and tobacco health care cost burden.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study finds a negative relationship between tobacco tax rate and tobacco consumption. More specifically, the higher tax rate of tobacco (low (<em>β</em> = −0.3495), medium (<em>β</em> = −0.2319), high (<em>β</em> = −0.9033), premium (<em>β</em> = −0.7322), filtered (<em>β</em> = −0.2114), and non-filtered (<em>β</em> = −0.3452) categories) is significant to reduce tobacco use at 1% level of significance. The study finds similar results when it applied tobacco retail price instead of tobacco tax rate as the independent variable. Finally, the study investigates the impact on health care cost through tobacco consumption, tobacco control law, growth rate, export-import, and tobacco production. The results indicate that tobacco consumption, export-import, and tobacco production increases health care cost burden while tobacco use regulatory decreases it. By reducing tobacco consumption, higher taxes and tobacco use regulation contribute to alleviating the burden on the healthcare system, promoting healthier lifestyles, and aligning with global health objectives.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Higher tax rate on tobacco products is necessary to increase the retail price so that tobacco users cannot consume tobacco. Specific tax and uniform tax base are needed so that tobacco users cannot switch to lower priced brands. Tobacco control laws need to revised and proper implementation should be ensured as well, to achieve the goal of tobacco free Bangladesh by 2040. Tobacco-related diseases, responsible for a significant proportion of deaths in the country, could witness a considerable decline with the successful implementation of higher tax rates and tobacco use regulation. This study provides insights that not only contribute to the economic discourse but also accentuate the broader public health benefits arising from effective tobacco taxation policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 212-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000957/pdfft?md5=517b9c21b258141930b532cae67bfc7a&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000957-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138608994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdul Fattah Najm , Aziz-ur-Rahman Niazi , Mina Alekozay , Emily B. Allan , Kaaren Mathias
{"title":"Establishing a child and adolescent mental health center in Herat, Afghanistan: a project description","authors":"Abdul Fattah Najm , Aziz-ur-Rahman Niazi , Mina Alekozay , Emily B. Allan , Kaaren Mathias","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Afghanistan has witnessed a long-lasting 4-decade armed conflict, which together with high levels of poverty and interpersonal violence, resulted in high incidence and prevalence of mental disorders in general population, including children and adolescents. Until mid-2018, there was neither mental health care facility nor a child psychiatrist in Afghanistan. Here, we report the establishment of the first children and adolescents’ mental health center (CAMHC) in Herat province of Afghanistan.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In July 2018, CAMHC was initiated at Mental Health Training Center – Herat. CAMHC was initially planned by the International Assistance Mission (IAM) and Herat Public Health Directorate; and financially supported by the Tearfund UK, the United Methodist Committee on Relief and Tearfund Australia. The target population of CAMHC was children and adolescents in Herat and neighboring provinces, healthcare professionals, staff of government and non-governmental organizations, school teachers and community leaders.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A group of eight mental health professionals were trained and made the interdisciplinary board for diagnosis and management of mental disorders in children and adolescents. During the initial three-year period, 2 448 patients, including 1 264 (51.6%) boys and 1 184 (48.4%) girls, presented with mental disorders to CAMHC. Diagnosis and management of mental disorders were performed according to standard international protocols. Eighteen awareness-raising seminars were held; 2 000 leaflets, 10 000 posters, and 30 000 brochures were prepared and distributed; and two short video clips were produced and broadcast via IAM website, social media and local TV channels. A database was developed to house for project data, assessment of outcomes and reporting to stakeholders.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Establishment of CAMHC resulted in significant achievements in diagnosis and management of mental disorders among children and adolescents, healthcare staff capacity building, and awareness-raising about mental disorders. Data obtained in CAMHC offers government, mental health professionals and the community the opportunity of improving mental health in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000908/pdfft?md5=b908063d7afe80349bd92e8cb733bc1f&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000908-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138769617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jannatun Nayeem , Christina Stennett , Atia Sharmeen , Md Mahbub Hossain , Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
{"title":"Rural-urban differences in distributions and determinants of facility delivery among women in Bangladesh","authors":"Jannatun Nayeem , Christina Stennett , Atia Sharmeen , Md Mahbub Hossain , Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The utilization of facility delivery is crucial to achieve sustainable development goals by reducing maternal and neonatal deaths. This study aimed to compare the distributions and determinants of childbirth in health facilities in urban and rural regions of Bangladesh.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional data from the <em>2017</em>‒<em>2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey</em> were analyzed. Multilevel logistic regression was applied.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 4 751 women were included in the analyses. Only 50% of childbirths took place in health facilities, 63.4% and 44.6% in urban and rural regions, respectively. Overall, the odds of the association between facility delivery and the studied factors were similar. Multiparous women had significantly lower odds of facility delivery in both rural (adjusted odds ratio [<em>AOR</em>] = 0.3, 95% confidence interval [<em>CI</em>]: 0.2 to 0.5) and urban (<em>AOR</em> = 0.2, 95% <em>CI</em>: 0.1 to 0.5) regions. In both regions, women with higher education levels, highly educated husbands, antenatal care (ANC), and higher wealth indexes had significantly higher odds of facility delivery.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Several common associated factors were identified. However, differences were observed regarding distributions of these factors. The differences in facility delivery utilization could result from lower ANC utilization, socioeconomic status, and transportation facilities in rural regions than urban regions; therefore, improving these conditions could increase facility delivery in these regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 222-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000945/pdfft?md5=16427d7d861071d2e33a9072a100c7d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000945-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Virtual academy of women's health” [Glob Health J. 2022;6(4) 212–216]","authors":"Thomas Rabe , Yanglu Li , Xiangyan Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Page 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000659/pdfft?md5=ac132a2c634ca5d0792c652fb28a31b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000659-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45970983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuan Tang , Norsaadah Zakaria , Wan Syazehan Ruznan
{"title":"The development of anti-fall functional clothing for elderly","authors":"Chuan Tang , Norsaadah Zakaria , Wan Syazehan Ruznan","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The consequences of falls in the elderly are severe, ranging from skin abrasion to hip fracture, which is very easy to cause death. Using advanced technology to develop anti-fall clothing that meets the needs of the elderly can play a significant role in protecting the elderly. By reviewing and analyzing the existing literature on the importance of fall protection clothing in reducing falls and protecting the body of the elderly, it is hoped to explore further research that needs improvement.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, eight related studies were identified through Web of Science, Scopus and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. The research objects, approaches, material and equipment, protection principle, and survey results are extracted.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two articles verified the fall detection algorithm adopted in the research through experiments, which significantly improved fall detection accuracy. Six papers found that selecting appropriate cushioning materials can effectively reduce the consequences of falls of the elderly through experimental comparative analysis. Finally, three attributes for significant design value are drawn: (1) size and fit; (2) cushioning materials; (3) wearable sensing elements.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Anti-fall clothing can effectively protect the elderly when they fall. Further design experiments are needed to select appropriate cushioning materials and wearable sensing elements based on anthropometry and aesthetics to design the style and structure of the garment to achieve the purpose of protecting the elderly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S241464472300088X/pdfft?md5=a4c8e989751c41b3eb46d53226324710&pid=1-s2.0-S241464472300088X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Hamiduzzaman , Noore Siddiquee , Harry James Gaffney , Muhammad Aziz Rahman , Jennene Greenhill
{"title":"The quality of older adults’ involvement in clinical communication with general practitioners: evidence from rural towns in Australia","authors":"Mohammad Hamiduzzaman , Noore Siddiquee , Harry James Gaffney , Muhammad Aziz Rahman , Jennene Greenhill","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>A study was conducted about the putative links of older rural Australians’ health knowledge and preparation with their quality of involvement in patient-general practitioner (GP) communication during health intake visits.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>It was a cross-sectional study between January 2021 and April 2022. The 32-item quality of involvement in communication scale was designed and incorporated into the SurveyGizmo software. This online survey was administered by sending an email request to the Renmark Rotary Club, which actively promoted this study across five rural towns in South Australia. 121 participants completed the surveys. Mean-sum scores were calculated based on the questionnaire responses to evaluate outcomes, specifically initiation of information, active participation, and emotional expression. We employed different methods including <em>t</em>-tests, ANOVA, and leaner regressions to analyse data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The demographic profile of participants characterised by a female predominance (58.7%, 71/121), a majority falling within the 65‒< 70 age bracket (47.1%, 57/121), and a high level of educational attainment (58.7% had completed high school or higher, 71/121). Additionally, 35% of the participants predominantly spoke a language other than English at home. Regarding the initiation of information with GPs, the mean sum-score was (20.5 ± 3.7), indicating a marginally above-average level of engagement. Contrarily, the active participation was suboptimal, as suggested by a mean sum score of (35.9 ± 6.3). Furthermore, the emotional expression was relatively low, with a mean score of (13.9 ± 1.8). Substantial variations were discerned in the quality of patient-GP communication, contingent upon factors such as educational background, language spoken at home, health literacy, and preparatory measures for clinical visits. Participants who predominantly spoke a language other than English at home demonstrated significantly lower levels of information initiation with their GPs (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Higher educational attainment was positively correlated with increased active participation (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Enhanced health literacy and thorough visit preparation were significantly associated with increased levels of active participation (<em>P</em> < 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Meaningful engagement through recognition, empowerment, and support (health literacy programs) for older rural adults is suggested for improving their quality of involvement in communication with GPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 186-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000891/pdfft?md5=2fcfabf373e13824e3acd99471724c99&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000891-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}