Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

{"title":"Bio-effects of 5th generation electromagnetic waves on organs of human beings","authors":"Amit Verma,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar,&nbsp;Shipra Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The uses of devices of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) are increasing day by day. Similarly, the generation of the waves is increasing. The frequency spectrum of the generation of waves is also increased. In this manuscript, an analysis of the high frequency EMWs has been made by the electric fields generated due to the exposure of 5th generation (5 G) of mobile phones.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Due to the emission of waves from the towers, the electric field is generated around the transmission tower of mobile phones. The electric fields are computed by the power of the transmission tower. The electric fields across the biological tissues/cells are also computed when the EMWs penetrate inside the body. The electric fields are made across the organs of different depths inside the body.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The induced electric fields inside the organs of the human beings are responsible for the absorption of energy from high frequency EMWs. The absorbed amount of energy from high frequency waves may become the cause of harmful effects on the life of organs of human beings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this manuscript, after analysis of the computed electric fields inside the organs of human beings, it is concluded that the EMWs of 5 G spectrum of mobile phone towers may more harmful for the life of organs as 4th generation (4 G) spectrum of mobile phone waves. The energy absorption by the 4 G spectrum is lower than 5 G spectrum due to the range of frequency of waves. The effects on the pancreas, retina, skin, intestine, spleen, stomach and uterus are more than low water content organs like nails, bone, teeth etc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 206-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S241464472300091X/pdfft?md5=a409b8691d5174732fc77c5575d9a898&pid=1-s2.0-S241464472300091X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138769554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does higher tax rate affect tobacco usage? Unravelling the nexus between tobacco regulatory control and public health concern","authors":"Md. Mominur Rahman ,&nbsp;Bishawjit Chandra Deb ,&nbsp;Md. Jahid Hasan ,&nbsp;Md. Mahabubul Alam ,&nbsp;Tahmina Begum ,&nbsp;H.M. Miraz Mahmud ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shamimul Islam ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shajib Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Bangladesh stands as a prominent global consumer of tobacco, with alarming consequences on public health. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey reported that tobacco consumption claimed over 126 000 lives in 2018, contributing to 13.5% of all deaths in the country. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of higher tax rates and tobacco use regulation as control mechanisms in mitigating tobacco consumption and health care cost burden, with a particular emphasis on its implications for public health.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study is based on the annual time series data over the period 2000–2020. The study employs the ordinary least square method to analyze the quantitative confirming the stationarity of data at level. This research uses different models to investigate individual effects and combined effects on both tobacco consumption and tobacco health care cost burden.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study finds a negative relationship between tobacco tax rate and tobacco consumption. More specifically, the higher tax rate of tobacco (low (<em>β</em> = −0.3495), medium (<em>β</em> = −0.2319), high (<em>β</em> = −0.9033), premium (<em>β</em> = −0.7322), filtered (<em>β</em> = −0.2114), and non-filtered (<em>β</em> = −0.3452) categories) is significant to reduce tobacco use at 1% level of significance. The study finds similar results when it applied tobacco retail price instead of tobacco tax rate as the independent variable. Finally, the study investigates the impact on health care cost through tobacco consumption, tobacco control law, growth rate, export-import, and tobacco production. The results indicate that tobacco consumption, export-import, and tobacco production increases health care cost burden while tobacco use regulatory decreases it. By reducing tobacco consumption, higher taxes and tobacco use regulation contribute to alleviating the burden on the healthcare system, promoting healthier lifestyles, and aligning with global health objectives.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Higher tax rate on tobacco products is necessary to increase the retail price so that tobacco users cannot consume tobacco. Specific tax and uniform tax base are needed so that tobacco users cannot switch to lower priced brands. Tobacco control laws need to revised and proper implementation should be ensured as well, to achieve the goal of tobacco free Bangladesh by 2040. Tobacco-related diseases, responsible for a significant proportion of deaths in the country, could witness a considerable decline with the successful implementation of higher tax rates and tobacco use regulation. This study provides insights that not only contribute to the economic discourse but also accentuate the broader public health benefits arising from effective tobacco taxation policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 212-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000957/pdfft?md5=517b9c21b258141930b532cae67bfc7a&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000957-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138608994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a child and adolescent mental health center in Herat, Afghanistan: a project description","authors":"Abdul Fattah Najm ,&nbsp;Aziz-ur-Rahman Niazi ,&nbsp;Mina Alekozay ,&nbsp;Emily B. Allan ,&nbsp;Kaaren Mathias","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Afghanistan has witnessed a long-lasting 4-decade armed conflict, which together with high levels of poverty and interpersonal violence, resulted in high incidence and prevalence of mental disorders in general population, including children and adolescents. Until mid-2018, there was neither mental health care facility nor a child psychiatrist in Afghanistan. Here, we report the establishment of the first children and adolescents’ mental health center (CAMHC) in Herat province of Afghanistan.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In July 2018, CAMHC was initiated at Mental Health Training Center – Herat. CAMHC was initially planned by the International Assistance Mission (IAM) and Herat Public Health Directorate; and financially supported by the Tearfund UK, the United Methodist Committee on Relief and Tearfund Australia. The target population of CAMHC was children and adolescents in Herat and neighboring provinces, healthcare professionals, staff of government and non-governmental organizations, school teachers and community leaders.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A group of eight mental health professionals were trained and made the interdisciplinary board for diagnosis and management of mental disorders in children and adolescents. During the initial three-year period, 2 448 patients, including 1 264 (51.6%) boys and 1 184 (48.4%) girls, presented with mental disorders to CAMHC. Diagnosis and management of mental disorders were performed according to standard international protocols. Eighteen awareness-raising seminars were held; 2 000 leaflets, 10 000 posters, and 30 000 brochures were prepared and distributed; and two short video clips were produced and broadcast via IAM website, social media and local TV channels. A database was developed to house for project data, assessment of outcomes and reporting to stakeholders.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Establishment of CAMHC resulted in significant achievements in diagnosis and management of mental disorders among children and adolescents, healthcare staff capacity building, and awareness-raising about mental disorders. Data obtained in CAMHC offers government, mental health professionals and the community the opportunity of improving mental health in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000908/pdfft?md5=b908063d7afe80349bd92e8cb733bc1f&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000908-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138769617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural-urban differences in distributions and determinants of facility delivery among women in Bangladesh","authors":"Jannatun Nayeem ,&nbsp;Christina Stennett ,&nbsp;Atia Sharmeen ,&nbsp;Md Mahbub Hossain ,&nbsp;Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The utilization of facility delivery is crucial to achieve sustainable development goals by reducing maternal and neonatal deaths. This study aimed to compare the distributions and determinants of childbirth in health facilities in urban and rural regions of Bangladesh.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional data from the <em>2017</em>‒<em>2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey</em> were analyzed. Multilevel logistic regression was applied.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 4 751 women were included in the analyses. Only 50% of childbirths took place in health facilities, 63.4% and 44.6% in urban and rural regions, respectively. Overall, the odds of the association between facility delivery and the studied factors were similar. Multiparous women had significantly lower odds of facility delivery in both rural (adjusted odds ratio [<em>AOR</em>] = 0.3, 95% confidence interval [<em>CI</em>]: 0.2 to 0.5) and urban (<em>AOR</em> = 0.2, 95% <em>CI</em>: 0.1 to 0.5) regions. In both regions, women with higher education levels, highly educated husbands, antenatal care (ANC), and higher wealth indexes had significantly higher odds of facility delivery.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Several common associated factors were identified. However, differences were observed regarding distributions of these factors. The differences in facility delivery utilization could result from lower ANC utilization, socioeconomic status, and transportation facilities in rural regions than urban regions; therefore, improving these conditions could increase facility delivery in these regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 222-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000945/pdfft?md5=16427d7d861071d2e33a9072a100c7d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000945-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Virtual academy of women's health” [Glob Health J. 2022;6(4) 212–216]","authors":"Thomas Rabe ,&nbsp;Yanglu Li ,&nbsp;Xiangyan Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Page 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000659/pdfft?md5=ac132a2c634ca5d0792c652fb28a31b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000659-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45970983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of anti-fall functional clothing for elderly","authors":"Chuan Tang ,&nbsp;Norsaadah Zakaria ,&nbsp;Wan Syazehan Ruznan","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The consequences of falls in the elderly are severe, ranging from skin abrasion to hip fracture, which is very easy to cause death. Using advanced technology to develop anti-fall clothing that meets the needs of the elderly can play a significant role in protecting the elderly. By reviewing and analyzing the existing literature on the importance of fall protection clothing in reducing falls and protecting the body of the elderly, it is hoped to explore further research that needs improvement.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, eight related studies were identified through Web of Science, Scopus and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. The research objects, approaches, material and equipment, protection principle, and survey results are extracted.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two articles verified the fall detection algorithm adopted in the research through experiments, which significantly improved fall detection accuracy. Six papers found that selecting appropriate cushioning materials can effectively reduce the consequences of falls of the elderly through experimental comparative analysis. Finally, three attributes for significant design value are drawn: (1) size and fit; (2) cushioning materials; (3) wearable sensing elements.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Anti-fall clothing can effectively protect the elderly when they fall. Further design experiments are needed to select appropriate cushioning materials and wearable sensing elements based on anthropometry and aesthetics to design the style and structure of the garment to achieve the purpose of protecting the elderly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S241464472300088X/pdfft?md5=a4c8e989751c41b3eb46d53226324710&pid=1-s2.0-S241464472300088X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quality of older adults’ involvement in clinical communication with general practitioners: evidence from rural towns in Australia","authors":"Mohammad Hamiduzzaman ,&nbsp;Noore Siddiquee ,&nbsp;Harry James Gaffney ,&nbsp;Muhammad Aziz Rahman ,&nbsp;Jennene Greenhill","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>A study was conducted about the putative links of older rural Australians’ health knowledge and preparation with their quality of involvement in patient-general practitioner (GP) communication during health intake visits.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>It was a cross-sectional study between January 2021 and April 2022. The 32-item quality of involvement in communication scale was designed and incorporated into the SurveyGizmo software. This online survey was administered by sending an email request to the Renmark Rotary Club, which actively promoted this study across five rural towns in South Australia. 121 participants completed the surveys. Mean-sum scores were calculated based on the questionnaire responses to evaluate outcomes, specifically initiation of information, active participation, and emotional expression. We employed different methods including <em>t</em>-tests, ANOVA, and leaner regressions to analyse data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The demographic profile of participants characterised by a female predominance (58.7%, 71/121), a majority falling within the 65‒&lt; 70 age bracket (47.1%, 57/121), and a high level of educational attainment (58.7% had completed high school or higher, 71/121). Additionally, 35% of the participants predominantly spoke a language other than English at home. Regarding the initiation of information with GPs, the mean sum-score was (20.5 ± 3.7), indicating a marginally above-average level of engagement. Contrarily, the active participation was suboptimal, as suggested by a mean sum score of (35.9 ± 6.3). Furthermore, the emotional expression was relatively low, with a mean score of (13.9 ± 1.8). Substantial variations were discerned in the quality of patient-GP communication, contingent upon factors such as educational background, language spoken at home, health literacy, and preparatory measures for clinical visits. Participants who predominantly spoke a language other than English at home demonstrated significantly lower levels of information initiation with their GPs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Higher educational attainment was positively correlated with increased active participation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Enhanced health literacy and thorough visit preparation were significantly associated with increased levels of active participation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Meaningful engagement through recognition, empowerment, and support (health literacy programs) for older rural adults is suggested for improving their quality of involvement in communication with GPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 186-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644723000891/pdfft?md5=2fcfabf373e13824e3acd99471724c99&pid=1-s2.0-S2414644723000891-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing patient care: the latest advancements in clinical pharmacy practice","authors":"Amit Sharma ,&nbsp;Yousef Saeed Alqarni ,&nbsp;Manisha Vohra","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 121-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44099460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy with cardiac disorders","authors":"Riya Sharma,&nbsp;Mandeep kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The occurrence of cardiovascular illness in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) community is increasing, with a particular focus on coronary heart disease. Patients infected with HIV have a higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to the general population in modern countries due to the development of effective antiretroviral medications and increased life expectancy. Those not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) may experience common cardiac consequences, including myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, endocarditis, pulmonary hypertension, pericardial effusion, and cardiotoxicity associated with non-antiretroviral drugs. After the use of highly active ART, continuing immune activation and systemic inflammation seem to play a central role in this process. Recent studies suggest that protease inhibitors might negatively impact the progression of HIV-related heart failure (HF), which complicates the determination of the best therapy strategy for HIV-associated cardiomyopathy. The objective of this review is to examine the pathophysiology and correlation of various antiretroviral drugs leading to HIV-associated HF. Additionally, we explore the causes of HIV-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including the high frequency of classic cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-infected patients, as well as HIV-related factors like the use of ART and chronic inflammation despite successful treatment of HIV infection. Numerous studies have revealed that individuals living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome frequently experience HF. In conclusion, despite advancements in HIV care, HIV-infected individuals continue to face an increased risk of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. Further research is necessary to comprehend the underlying causes and develop effective treatments for cardiovascular disease in this population. We also discuss the currently available therapeutic options and ongoing research to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease and inflammation in HIV-infected individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 130-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48618920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association and potential mediators between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in China: findings from a national cohort study","authors":"Haixia Zhou ,&nbsp;Liwang Gao ,&nbsp;Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaozhong Wen ,&nbsp;Wen Peng ,&nbsp;Na Yan ,&nbsp;Alice Fang Yan ,&nbsp;Youfa Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glohj.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with childhood obesity, but the underlying factors remain unknown. This study aimed to identify mediators that may explain SES disparities in childhood obesity in China.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nationally representative longitudinal data from the China Education Panel Survey of 11 019 children (13.03 ± 0.79) collected from 2013‒2014 to 2016‒2017 academic years. Overweight/obesity was defined using Chinese national body mass index cut-points. Principal component analysis was used to convert the four SES indicators (maternal and paternal education, and occupation) into one comprehensive variable. Mediation analysis for SES disparities in childhood obesity was conducted using structure equation models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 12.8%, and was higher in boys than in girls (17.8% vs. 7.6%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) at baseline. Among boys, relative risk (RR) of obesity was 1.23 (95% <em>CI</em>: 1.09 to 1.40, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) for per unit change in SES. There was no significant association between obesity and SES among girls. Mediation analyses showed that among boys, birth weight, being the only child in the family and children's self-perceived weight status mediated 70.0% of the effects of SES on obesity. No mediation effect was detected in girls.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Chinese boys are more likely to be overweight or obese than girls. SES may impact childhood obesity through birth weight, being the only child in the family and children's self-perceived body weight status in boys, but not in girls. More attention should be made to address childhood obesity in high SES families among boys. Interventions targeting at these mediators are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73164,"journal":{"name":"Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48625361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}