Gene and genome editing最新文献_第4页

A short, idiosyncratic history of genome editing 基因组编辑的短暂而独特的历史

Gene and genome editing Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100002

Dana Carroll

引用次数: 4

Base editors: Expanding the types of DNA damage products harnessed for genome editing 碱基编辑器:扩展用于基因组编辑的DNA损伤产物的类型

Gene and genome editing Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100005

Sifeng Gu, Zsolt Bodai, Quinn T. Cowan, Alexis C. Komor

{"title":"Base editors: Expanding the types of DNA damage products harnessed for genome editing","authors":"Sifeng Gu, Zsolt Bodai, Quinn T. Cowan, Alexis C. Komor","doi":"10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Base editors are an innovative addition to the genome editing toolbox that introduced a new genome editing strategy to the field. Instead of using double-stranded DNA breaks, base editors use nucleobase modification chemistry to efficiently and precisely incorporate single nucleotide variants (SNVs) into the genome of living cells. Two classes of DNA base editors currently exist: deoxycytidine deamination-derived editors (CBEs, which facilitate C•G to T•A mutations) and deoxyadenosine deamination-derived base editors (ABEs, which facilitate A•T to G•C mutations). More recently, the development of mitochondrial base editors allowed the introduction of C•G to T•A mutations into mitochondrial DNA as well. Base editors show great potential as therapeutic agents and research tools, and extensive studies have been carried out to improve upon the original base editor constructs to aid researchers in a variety of disciplines. Despite their widespread use, there are few publications that focus on elucidating the biological pathways involved during the processing of base editor intermediates. Because base editors introduce unique types of DNA damage products (a U•G mismatch with a DNA backbone nick for CBEs, and an I•T mismatch with a DNA backbone nick for ABEs) to facilitate genome editing, a deep understanding of the DNA damage repair pathways that facilitate or impede base editing represents an important aspect for the further expansion and improvement of the technologies. Here, we first review canonical deoxyuridine, deoxyinosine, and single-stranded break repair. Then, we discuss how interactions among these different repair processes can lead to different base editing outcomes. Through this review, we hope to promote thoughtful discussions on the DNA repair mechanisms of base editing, as well as help researchers in the improvement of current base editors and the development of new base editors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73137,"journal":{"name":"Gene and genome editing","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39301976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Gene and genome editing, an important new open access journal 基因与基因组编辑，一个重要的新开放获取期刊

Gene and genome editing Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100003

Jin-Soo Kim

引用次数: 0

Enhancing plant immunity by expression of pathogen-targeted CRISPR-Cas9 in plants 在植物中表达病原体靶向CRISPR-Cas9增强植物免疫

Gene and genome editing Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100001

Hong Gil Lee , Duk Hyoung Kim , Yee-Ram Choi , Jihyeon Yu , Sung-Ah Hong , Pil Joon Seo , Sangsu Bae

引用次数: 1

Assignment of responsibility for creating persons using germline genome-editing 使用种系基因组编辑创造人的责任分配

Gene and genome editing Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100006

Tetsuya Ishii

{"title":"Assignment of responsibility for creating persons using germline genome-editing","authors":"Tetsuya Ishii","doi":"10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 2018 announcement regarding safe childbirths via germline genome-editing (GGE) with parental consent shocked the world. This minireview examines the predictable risks, burdens, and potential harms of human GGE and explores the question of responsibility for using GGE in human reproduction. Although there is currently no international consensus on proving the absence of harmful off-target mutations in the genome, preclinical GGE study can demonstrate the non-existence under specific conditions. Initially, the clinical application will be limited to small studies without controls. In any case, individuals born via GGE should be followed up for long period. However, such persons can decline follow-up. Due to limited screening, an overlooked off-target mutation may harm the entire body. Some persons suffering such harm might claim damages on the ground that their life is less valuable. However, most jurisdictions will reject such claims. Practitioners are responsible for proving there are no harmful off-target mutations in each GGE case, although the appropriateness of proof is currently difficult to accept. Parents who consented to GGE, as well as practitioners, assume responsibility for the safety of genome-edited offspring; however, the fulfillment of responsibility ultimately depends on the offspring's autonomy. Meanwhile, practitioners and parents may be exempt from some damage claims by offspring harmed by unsafe GGE. The uncertainty of assigning responsibility may underpin GGE's prohibition in light of the unacceptable risks, burdens and potential harms for persons born via GGE; or it may oppositely underpin its permission if an acceptable risk-benefit balance is reached for parents and society.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73137,"journal":{"name":"Gene and genome editing","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92096193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Current widely-used web-based tools for CRISPR nucleases, base editors, and prime editors 目前广泛使用的基于网络的CRISPR核酸酶、碱基编辑器和引物编辑器工具

Gene and genome editing Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100004

Gue-Ho Hwang , Beomjong Song , Sangsu Bae

引用次数: 6

Development of Gene Editing Strategies for CCR5 Gene in Endothelial Cells 内皮细胞CCR5基因编辑策略的研究进展

Gene and genome editing Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.29228/genediting.54872

Sezer Akgöl, Ecren Yetim, B. Kalkan, Fatih Kocabaş