Frontiers in soil science最新文献

{"title":"Precipitation-derived effects on the characteristics of proteinaceous soil organic matter across the continental United States","authors":"Hualong Hong, Li Ma, David B. Smith, Haoliang Lu, Chongling Yan, K. Xia, M.A.J. Williams","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.984927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.984927","url":null,"abstract":"Proteinaceous amino acids composed up to 50% of microbial biomass, are a primary building block of soil organic nitrogen, and play a key role in soil organic N and C cycling. However, the large-scale drivers on these organic nitrogen pools is less explored. We hypothesized that the trends related to vegetation, soil mineralogy and climate will change the composition of hydrolyzable amino acids (HAAs), both within and between each horizon. Herein we report on the patterns of HAAs, and their dependence on soil (e.g., Al, Fe, pH) and climate (e.g., precipitation) factors between soil horizons across the continental U.S. It was found that the effect of vegetation type on HAAs was greater in the A horizon than in the C horizon, which was related to the different stages of the vegetation-associated decomposition and pedogenesis processes. A similar Leu-Phe-Ile-Gly co-occurrence structure was found in both soil horizons suggesting some similarity in processes that enrich organics in soil. Precipitation, but not temperature, showed significant associations with HAA composition. The chemical properties of the soil, including pH and mineral metals (Fe, Mn, Al, Ca), also influenced the HAAs’ characteristics. In particular, some specific HAAs (Glx, Asn, and Ala) mainly reflected the HAAs’ response to the environmental gradients in both horizons. The effect of precipitation on HAAs exhibits as a complex relationship mediated through organic matter, pH and minerals. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess continental-wide descriptors of the largest soil organic N pool, showing that pH, Fe, Ca, precipitation and vegetation explain soil AA composition. The role played by each of these drivers in the accrual and turnover of organic matter over large regional scales deserve further scrutiny. The large surface and subsurface HAA data set from this study should help change the way micro-scale conceptual and mechanistic models describe the chemical interactions and source pools that drive soil organic nitrogen, and possibly soil organic matter composition over regional scales.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46452258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution as a key factor for evaluation of soil attributes prediction at field level using online near-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Ricardo Canal Filho, J. Molin","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.984963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.984963","url":null,"abstract":"In soil science, near-infrared (NIR) spectra are being largely tested to acquire data directly in the field. Machine learning (ML) models using these spectra can be calibrated, adding only samples from one field or gathering different areas to augment the data inserted and enhance the models’ accuracy. Robustness assessment of prediction models usually rely on statistical metrics. However, how the spatial distribution of predicted soil attributes can be affected is still little explored, despite the fact that agriculture productive decisions depend on the spatial variability of these attributes. The objective of this study was to use online NIR spectra to predict soil attributes at field level, evaluating the statistical metrics and also the spatial distribution observed in prediction to compare a local prediction model with models that gathered samples from other areas. A total of 383 online NIR spectra were acquired in an experimental field to predict clay, sand, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). To build ML calibrations, 72 soil spectra from the experimental field (local dataset) were gathered, with 59 samples from another area nearby, in the same geological region (geological dataset) and with this area nearby and more 60 samples from another area in a different region (global dataset). Principal components regression was performed using k-fold (k=10) cross-validation. Clay models reported similar errors of prediction, and although the local model presented a lower R2 (0.17), the spatial distribution of prediction proved that the models had similar performance. Although OM patterns were comparable between the three datasets, local prediction, with the lower R2 (0.75), was the best fitted. However, for secondary NIR response attributes, only CEC could be successfully predicted and only using local dataset, since the statistical metrics were compatible, but the geological and global models misrepresented the spatial patterns in the field. Agronomic plausibility of spatial distribution proved to be a key factor for the evaluation of soil attributes prediction at field level. Results suggest that local calibrations are the best recommendation for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy NIR prediction of soil attributes and that statistical metrics alone can mispresent the accuracy of prediction.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45115467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentials of underutilized legumes in food security","authors":"M. Ayilara, M. Abberton, O. Oyatomi, O. Odeyemi, O. O. Babalola","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020193","url":null,"abstract":"Adopting underutilized legumes in tackling food security is essential, especially in this era of climate change. Underutilized legumes are embedded with inherent potentials such as the ability to survive in extreme conditions (such as temperature, drought, pH, saline, etc.), high nitrogen-fixing potential, weed and disease control ability, and high nutrient status. Underutilized legumes can improve the yield of companion crops in an intercropping system and as a subsequent crop (due to their residual effects). They possess symbiotic and non-symbiotic organisms in their nodules, and also have different organisms in their bulk soil, rhizoplanes and rhizosphere, which can fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus or produce exudates which help in improving plant growth. Also, they contain some phytochemicals, including alkaloids, saponin, amino acids, organic and inorganic minerals, and compounds that help improve human health and prevent diseases. Hence, this review discusses the current status, role, challenges and the prospects of underutilized legumes in food security.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41413324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fellfields of the Kerguelen Islands harbour specific soil microbiomes and rhizomicrobiomes of an endemic plant facing necrosis","authors":"L. Marchand, F. Hennion, M. Tarayre, Marie-Claire Martin, Benoit R. Martins, C. Monard","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.995716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.995716","url":null,"abstract":"Polar regions are characterized by rocky terrains with sparse vegetation and oligotrophic soils, i.e. “fellfields”. In such ecosystems, microbial communities should be essential for soil-plant functioning but their diversity is poorly explored. The sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands fellfields are characterized by an endemic long-lived cushion plant, Lyallia kerguelensis which rhizosphere may be a shelter for microbes in this harsh environment. Cushions are affected by necrosis and we expect the rhizomicrobiome composition to be related to plant necrosis. We analysed bacterial and fungal communities in bulk- and rhizospheric soils from L. kerguelensis in five different fellfields across the Kerguelen Islands using 16S rRNA and ITS1 metabarcoding. We found that soil microbial communities were composed of both restricted and cosmopolitan taxa. While all sites were dominated by the same bacterial taxa (Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, α-Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria), the relative abundance of the main fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Rozellomycota) highly differed between sites. L. kerguelensis rhizomicrobiome was at least as diverse as the bulk soil, making the rhizosphere a possible reservoir of microbial diversity. It was composed of the same main bacterial phyla than detected in the bulk soil while the composition of the rhizosphere fungal communities was specific to each plant. No common microorganisms were identified regarding cushion necrosis extent across plants and sites, but several microbial putative functions were shared, suggesting a possible shift in soil functioning with cushion necrosis increase. Our study brings new information on the diversity and composition of the microbial communities of fellfield soils in a sub-Antarctic Island and the rhizomicrobiome of a characteristic endemic cushion plant.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43743035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial necromass response to soil warming: A meta-analysis","authors":"Megan F. Mitchell, M. G. MacLean, Kristen M. DeAngelis","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.987178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.987178","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial-derived soil organic matter (SOM), or necromass, is an important source of SOM and is sensitive to climate warming. Soil classification systems consider soil physicochemical properties that influence SOM, hinting at the potential utility of incorporating classification systems in soil carbon (C) projections. Currently, there is no consensus on climate warming effects on necromass and if these responses vary across reference soil groups. To estimate the vulnerability of necromass to climate warming, we performed a meta-analysis of publications examining in situ experimental soil warming effects on microbial necromass via amino sugar analysis. We built generalized linear models (GLM) to explore if soil groups and warming methodologies can be used to predict necromass stocks. Our results showed that warming effect sizes on necromass were not uniform across reference soil groups. Specifically, warming effect sizes were generally positive in permafrost soils but negative in calcic soils. However, warming did not significantly change average necromass. Our GLMs detected significant differences in necromass across soil groups with similar texture and clay percentage. Thus, we advocate for further research to define what predictors of necromass are captured in soil group but not in soil texture. We also show warming methodology is a significant predictor of necromass, depending on the necromass biomarker. Future research efforts should uncover the mechanistic reason behind how passive versus active warming methodology influences necromass responses. Our study highlights the need for more in situ soil warming experiments measuring microbial necromass as this will improve predictions of SOM feedback under future climate scenarios.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45094962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of row spacing on soil nitrogen availability, wheat morpho-physiological traits and radiation use efficiency","authors":"Jie Zhang, Rui-Hua Cao, Zhiyong Zhang, Xiaochun Wang, Xinming Ma, Shuping Xiong","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.981263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.981263","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing row spacing is an important measure to exploit the full yield potential, achieve a continuous increase in wheat yield and green development without increasing input. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of wide–narrow row spacing pattern (12 cm-12 cm-12 cm-24 cm, R1) and conventional uniform row spacing mode (20 cm, CK; 12 cm. R2) on nitrogen (N) availability in soil, canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, radiation use efficiency (RUE) and yield. The results showed that R1 increased the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea in the rhizosphere compared to CK. Nitrate in soils treated R1 at post-anthesis and nitrogen use efficiency of the plant were 59.92% and 27.01% higher than those treated with CK, respectively. Above-ground growth of wheat showed that R1 increased leaf area index by 27.42%, specific leaf weight by 22.67% and leaf photosynthetic rate by 8.86%, respectively compared to CK. R2 had similar availability of N and plant growth as CK. Moreover, the ability of the plant to allocate more nitrogen to grains was enhanced at post-anthesis with R1 than it with CK and R2, which greatly improved the RUE by 10.13% and 2.27%. As the result, the yield for R1 increased by 27.54% and 21.46%, respectively, compared to CK and R2. Therefore, using wide–narrow row spacing pattern (R1) is a practically and environmentally feasible approach for wheat production without extra input in the straw-returning wheat-corn rotation system.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44140002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of soil heterotrophic respiration and microbial biomass to organic and conventional production systems","authors":"K. Dhakal, Madhav Parajuli, Siyang Jian, Jianwei Li, D. Nandwani","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.999139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.999139","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of organic and conventional production systems on crop productivity have been greatly explored, but their effects on soil microbial processes were often neglected. A comparative field study of organic and conventional production systems was conducted at the Tennessee State University research farm to determine soil heterotrophic respiration and microbial biomass carbon. Leafy green vegetables were grown in a conventional production system in an open field, and they were grown in an organic production system, using three different row covers (agribon cloth, insect net, and plastic), and in an open field. Soil samples (0-15cm) were collected from the two production systems. Soil heterotrophic respiration rate (RH), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and biomass-specific heterotrophic respiration rate (the inverse is used as a proxy for microbial carbon use efficiency) were quantified. The results showed that the conventional production system significantly increased RH relative to the organic system. Organic production system, however, significantly enhanced MBC and reduced biomass-specific respiration rate indicating an increase in carbon use efficiency. Although MBC remained unchanged among the row covers, insect net increased RH and biomass-specific heterotrophic respiration rate. Our results suggest that the organic production system not only promoted soil microbial abundance but also limited soil heterotrophic respiration to the atmosphere governed by the elevated carbon use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43693498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus Sorption Capacity and Its Relationships With Soil Properties Under Podzolic Soils of Atlantic Canada","authors":"A. J. Kedir, J. Nyiraneza, K. Hawboldt, D. B. McKenzie, Adrian Unc","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.931266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.931266","url":null,"abstract":"Repetitive long-term fertilizer application leads to phosphorus (P) accumulation in agricultural soils. This can pose environmental risks if the soil’s phosphorus storage capacity is not well understood and considered when planning nutrient management. We investigated the P sorption capacity (PSC) in the surface (0-20 cm, n = 23) and subsurface (20-40 cm, n = 23) of long-term managed podzolic soils in Newfoundland (Nfld), Canada, through batch adsorption using two P concentrations of 150 and 500 mg P L-1, and developed pedotransfer functions to estimate PSC using selected soil properties. Also, the correlation between actual PSC, soil properties, and estimated Phosphorus saturation index (PSI) and soil P sorption capacity (SPSC) both from standard soil test were evaluated. The surface and subsurface soils provided similar median PSC (1.34 and 1.32 mg g-1, respectively, p = 0.16) when examined with the 150 mg P L-1 solution. With 500 mg P L-1 solution, the subsurface soils had significantly higher median PSC than the surface soils of the same fields (2.74 and 2.27 mg g-1, respectively, p = 0.02); and had a better linear relationship (R2 >0.40, p <0.05) with SPSC than at the lower P concentration. The surface soils had significantly higher extractable median P in water, citric acid, and Mehlich-3, higher soil organic matter (SOM), moisture content, Mehlich-3-Fe, -Ca, and -K, PSI, electrical conductivity, silt, and clay contents, while Mehlich-3-Al, Mehlich-3-Al : Fe ratio, SPSC, and sand were lower than those in the subsurface soils. All soils had comparable pH (~6.3). Pedotransfer function revealed that the PSC could be predicted using SOM, Mehlich-3-Al, and Mehlich-3-PICP and thus may be employed for developing testable hypotheses relevant to environmentally and economically viable P management strategies for acidic soils in boreal regions.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45543687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"25 years of continuous sewage sludge application vs. mineral fertilizers on a calcareous soil affected pH but not soil carbonates","authors":"I. D. de Soto, Kazem Zamanian, H. Urmeneta, A. Enrique, I. Virto","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.960426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.960426","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic and organic fertilizers have been widely used to maintain crop yields. However, several studies have demonstrated that the dissolution of carbonates in agricultural soils by the acidification induced by N-fertilizers can result in their total or partial loss in the tilled layer of some agricultural soils. The effect of inorganic and organic fertilization on carbonates in calcareous semiarid Mediterranean soils has been less studied and is still unclear. Based on a 25-year field experiment, we investigated the effects of different fertilization strategies on the soil pH, inorganic C content, and in the proportion of pedogenic carbonates in the topsoil (0-30 cm) of a carbonate-rich soil in Navarre (N Spain). Five treatments were compared: no amendments as a control (SC), mineral fertilization (MF), and the application of sewage sludge at different doses (80 Mg ha-1 every year (80-1), 40 Mg ha-1 every year (40-1) and 40 Mg ha-1 every four years (40-4). Results showed a decrease in soil pH values by increasing the amount of sewage sludge and a small alteration in the calcite structure particularly in 40-4. However, no significant differences between treatments were found in the total content of carbonates nor in the proportion of pedogenic carbonates. The high concentration of total carbonates in the soil (16.09 ± 0.48%), and of the proportion of pedogenic carbonates (40.21 ± 1.29%, assuming a δ13C of primary carbonates = 0 ‰) seemed elevated enough to compensate for the observed acidification in the studied soil. In the case of MF, no changes were observed in the pH values, nor in the carbonate content (total and pedogenic). This suggests that the use of sewage sludge could induce changes in the future at a faster rate and of greater dimension than the use of mineral fertilizers such as the ones used in this field (46% urea, superphosphate and ClK).","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46955898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of incorporating geology, soil, and landscape knowledge in freshwater farm planning in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"L. Burkitt, M. Bretherton","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.956692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.956692","url":null,"abstract":"Over half of Aotearoa New Zealand’s (NZ’s) land area is under agriculture or forestry production. Long term monitoring has shown declines in freshwater quality in regions with the most intensive agriculture. The New Zealand government has historically focused on reducing the impact of agriculture on water quality through its Resource Management Act 1991. Lack of improvement in freshwater quality has resulted in the 2020 Essential Freshwater package of reforms which will require all pastoral farms >20 ha in size and all arable farms > 5 ha in size to develop a Freshwater Farm Plan (FFP) by a certified Freshwater Farm Planner. As far as we are aware, New Zealand is the first country in the world to mandate compulsory FFPs. This paper describes the key geological, soil, and landscape factors that need to be considered in an FFP for it to be successful in meeting the 2020 Essential Freshwater objectives. We argue that a greater emphasis should be placed on understanding a farm’s natural resources, as they provide the physical interface between the farming system and both the freshwater and atmospheric ecosystems. Documenting our learning in this area could assist other countries considering Freshwater Farm Planning as a strategy to reduce the impact of agriculture on freshwater quality.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44319392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}