有机改良剂的质量影响有机农业系统中的土壤微生物组和氮循环细菌

IF 2.1 Q3 SOIL SCIENCE
Ouyang Yang, J. Reeve, J. Norton
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引用次数: 3

摘要

有机改良剂应用于有机耕作系统,为作物吸收提供养分,改善土壤健康。出于食品安全原因,堆肥通常比新鲜粪便更受青睐,而新鲜粪便可能是易于获得的氮(N)的宝贵来源。然而,新鲜粪便与堆肥粪便在多个季节对土壤微生物和氮循环功能群落的影响差异尚不清楚。采用分类学和功能学方法比较了堆肥牛粪和新鲜牛粪对土壤微生物群落的影响。在有机生产系统中,采用对照(无改良剂)、堆肥(堆肥,全氮224 kg/ hm2)和新鲜肥料(粪肥,全氮224 kg/ hm2)三种处理方式收集田间土壤。利用Illumina扩增子测序技术对细菌群落(16S rRNA基因)、真菌群落(ITS)、溶尿群落(ureC)、几丁质降解群落(chiA)、细菌氨氧化剂(AOB amoA)、亚硝酸盐氧化剂(Nitrospira nxrB)进行综合评价。结果表明,堆肥和粪肥处理均显著改变了土壤微生物群落。粪肥处理对土壤细菌和真菌群落组成、溶脲菌群和几丁质菌群的影响强于堆肥处理,而堆肥处理的土壤微生物丰富度高于粪肥处理的土壤。分类学和功能学方法均表明,微生物群落对新鲜肥料的响应大于堆肥。粪肥处理的土壤也比堆肥处理的土壤有更复杂的微生物相互作用。与土壤化学性质(土壤有机碳、可提取有机碳和pH)相比,氮素循环官能团丰度和群落组成在驱动氮素循环过程中的作用往往更为有限。我们的研究结果可以指导有机耕作系统中有机改良剂的管理策略,并为土壤微生物群落与土壤功能之间的联系提供见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The quality of organic amendments affects soil microbiome and nitrogen-cycling bacteria in an organic farming system
Organic amendments are applied in organic farming systems to provide nutrients for crop uptake and to improve soil health. Compost is often favored over fresh manure for food safety reasons, while fresh manure can be a valuable source of readily available nitrogen (N). However, the potential for fresh versus composted manure to differentially affect soil microbial and N-cycling functional communities over multiple seasons remains unknown. We compared the effect of composted vs. fresh cattle manure on soil microbial communities using taxonomic and functional approaches. Soils were collected from field plots with three organic N treatments: control (no amendment), composted manure (compost, 224 kg/ha total N), and fresh manure (manure, 224 kg/ha total N) in an organic production system. Illumina amplicon sequencing was used to comprehensively assess the bacterial community (16S rRNA genes), fungal community (ITS), ureolytic community (ureC), chitinolytic community (chiA), bacterial ammonia oxidizers (AOB amoA), and nitrite oxidizers (Nitrospira nxrB). The results showed that both compost and manure treatment significantly changed the soil microbial communities. Manure had a stronger effect than compost on soil bacterial and fungal community composition, as well as on the ureolytic and chitinolytic communities, while compost treated soils had higher microbial richness than manure treated soils. Both taxonomic and functional approaches showed that the microbial community was more responsive to fresh manure than to compost. Manure treated soil also had more complex microbial interactions than compost treated soil. The abundance and community composition of N-cycling functional groups often played more limited roles than soil chemical properties (soil organic carbon, extractable organic carbon, and pH) in driving N-cycling processes. Results from our study may guide strategies for the management of organic amendments in organic farming systems and provide insights into the linkages between soil microbial communities and soil function.
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