Frontiers in ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"The global landscape of myopia prevalence and its social determinants in children and adolescents: a cross-regional analysis.","authors":"Chengfei Liu, Wei Dong, Zihao Wang, Yanying Li, Boyang Song, Yukang Li, Ye Zhang, Xiaokang He, Zhaojiang Du","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1793615","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1793615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Investigation of the global profile of myopia prevalence in children and adolescents and analysis of the impact of social factors, including economic development level, social welfare, education, demographic structure, and geographical environment, on the progression of myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study analyzed data from 31 global datasets (2004-2023) to assess social determinants of myopia prevalence. Using univariate and multiple linear regression, we evaluated the associations between myopia prevalence in children and adolescents and macroeconomic, educational, demographic, and environmental factors sourced from public databases. To further assess the robustness of the results, sensitivity analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that GDP (β = 0.369, <i>P</i> = 0.027, R² = 0.128) and longitude (β = 0.551, <i>P</i> = 0.001, R² = 0.280) are significantly positively correlated with myopia prevalence. The multiple linear regression model demonstrated a good overall fit (R = 0.834, R² = 0.695, adjusted R² = 0.565), and in this model, GDP per capita was negatively associated with myopia prevalence (β = -0.863, <i>P</i> = 0.001), whereas population distribution in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (β = 0.572, P = 0.011), urban population (% of total population) (β = 0.737, <i>P</i> = 0.008), and longitude (β = 0.508, <i>P</i> = 0.006) were significantly positively correlated with myopia prevalence (<i>P</i> < 0.05).The negative associations of GDP per capita and average sunshine duration with myopia prevalence remained directionally consistent across most sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>East Asia exhibits the highest global prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents, while Europe and the Americas demonstrate comparatively lower, though variable, rates. Key influencing factors include economic development (GDP), social welfare (GDP per capita), demographic structure (population distribution and urbanization), and geographical setting (longitude).</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1793615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical coherence tomography biomarkers of posterior scleritis in different stages of the disease activity.","authors":"Sameera Nayak, Niroj Kumar Sahoo, Udit Ajmani, P Srinivas Rao, Raja Narayanan, Ritesh Narula, Rajeev R Pappuru","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1789004","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1789004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to analyze the optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics in different stages of posterior scleritis (PS) and explore possible correlations between OCT features and the different stages of PS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study on clinically diagnosed cases of PS with transparent media and good OCT images at an academic tertiary eye care center in India between April 2014 and March 2019. Stage-specific prevalence, distribution, and associations of 25 predefined OCT biomarkers across the acute, resolving, and resolved stages of PS were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 104 OCT plates from 31 patients were analyzed; 43, 28, and 33 were associated with active, resolving, and resolved stages of PS, respectively. Acute PS demonstrated choroidal thickening (100%), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroidal bump (97.7%), internal limiting membrane (ILM) folds (90.7%), and neurosensory detachment (NSD) (86.0%); resolving PS showed hyperreflective dot (HRD) prevalence (inner retina 92.9%, subretinal space 92.9%, and outer retina 89.3%); while resolved PS was characterized by ellipsoid zone (EZ) reflectivity (54.5%), variable external limiting membrane (ELM) reflectivity (51.5%), and epiretinal membrane (ERM) (39.4%). Median central foveal thickness (CFT) declined significantly from 737 µm in acute PS to 269 µm in resolving PS and 212 µm in resolved PS (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Acute PS was strongly associated with RPE-choroidal bump [odds ratio (OR) 527.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 54.8-5,079.4], ILM folds (OR 73.1, 95% CI 19.5-273.9), RPE thickening (OR 29.0, 95% CI 9.1-92.3), NSD (OR 14.8, 95% CI 5.0-44.0), cystoid macular edema (OR 8.3, 95% CI 3.4-20.5), and vitreous cells (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.2-7.6). Resolving PS showed associations with HRD involving the inner retina (OR 8.39, 95% CI 1.95-36.2), outer retina (OR 7.10, 95% CI 1.94-25.9), subretinal space (OR 7.43, 95% CI 1.72-32.2), and choroid (OR 4.50, 95% CI 1.20-16.8). Resolved PS was associated with variable reflectivity of the EZ (OR 15.6, 95% CI 3.75-65.0) and ELM (OR 7.31, 95% CI 1.87-28.5), and posterior vitreous detachment (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.29-6.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OCT characteristics analyzed in this study can aid in identifying the stage of disease activity in PS.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1789004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148586276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal changes in anatomic biomarkers on optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Rachel Liu, Isaac Bakis, Megan Steinkerchner, Kevin Sun, Sapna Gangaputra, Stephen J Kim, Lok Hin Lee","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1860036","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1860036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-derived biomarkers correlating with diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity and characterize longitudinal retinal microvascular changes across DR stages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this 3-year prospective study, we analyzed OCTA images from 328 eyes of 164 adults with type II diabetes and 33 eyes from 17 healthy controls. Patients were categorized as no DR, mild, moderate, or severe nonproliferative DR (NPDR), or proliferative DR (PDR) at baseline. Bilateral OCTA scans were obtained at each visit and processed with a validated pipeline to extract seven microvascular indices from the superficial and deep capillary plexuses: vessel density, skeleton density, acircularity index, average vessel caliber, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ perimeter, and fractal dimensions. Linear regression quantified changes over time, and intergroup comparisons were made using ANOVA and <i>post-hoc</i> testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 361 eyes (328 diabetic eyes and 33 control eyes) were followed for a mean of 3 years. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated stage-dependent microvascular changes across DR severity groups. In the deep capillary plexus, eyes with severe NPDR exhibited greater annual declines in vessel density (-0.563 ± 0.39% per year) and skeleton density (-0.296 ± 0.23% per year) compared with controls. Acircularity index increased over time, with greater annual increases observed in severe NPDR relative to mild NPDR (0.16 ± 0.12% per year), consistent with progressive macular ischemia. In the superficial plexus, eyes with severe NPDR showed greater annual reductions in average vessel caliber (-4.5e-4 ± 0.0005% per year) compared with earlier disease stages. Across the cohort, most OCTA metrics demonstrated small but statistically significant longitudinal trends, reflecting gradual microvascular remodeling detectable over repeated measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longitudinal OCTA analysis reveals stage-specific microvascular changes in DR. These dynamic biomarkers may provide early indicators of DR progression and offer a quantitative foundation for individualized monitoring and timely intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Translational relevance: </strong>OCTA-derived biomarkers offer a noninvasive tool for detecting early DR changes and guiding personalized care strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1860036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148581447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oculofacial plastic surgery fellowship director perspectives on accreditation council for graduate medical education (ACGME) accreditation.","authors":"Ayaka Fujihashi, Katerina Tori, Michael M Han, John B Holds, Alon Kahana, Steven M Couch, Hui Bae H Lee","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1867005","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1867005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Currently, the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is considering a transition to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accreditation for oculofacial plastic surgery fellowships. We evaluated fellowship directors' perspectives and identified perceived benefits and barriers to this change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, national survey was conducted in October 2025 of all American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery fellowship directors. A three-question electronic survey assessed support for Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accreditation (yes/no), with predefined response options for opposition and an open-ended field for support.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-four directors completed the survey (83.0%). Nine (20.5%) supported transitioning to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accreditation, and 35 (79.5%) opposed. Among those opposed, the most frequently cited concerns were the burden of regulation (n=33, 94.3%), duty-hour restrictions (n=29, 82.9%), decreased training (n=23, 65.7%), cost (n=25, 71.4%), limitations on fellows' billing ability (n=24, 68.6%), and lack of institutional support (n=21, 60.0%). Supporters of the change cited the credibility of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education oversight as the \"gold standard\" in graduate medical education and the potential pathway toward American Board of Medical Specialties certification.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Most fellowship directors oppose transitioning to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accreditation due to regulatory and financial concerns, while a minority view it as an avenue for enhanced legitimacy and board certification.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1867005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13388120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in higher-order aberrations: toric implantable collamer lens implantation versus ICL combined with limbal relaxing incision.","authors":"Zhichao Liu, Caiyuan Liu, Ruixia Li, Lin Zheng, Shangkun Ou","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1812066","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1812066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the safety, efficacy and changes in corneal aberrations between Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) combined with Limbal Relaxing Incision (LRI) and Toric ICL (TICL) implantation for moderate astigmatism (1.00-1.75 D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study included 30 subjects (46 eyes) assigned to ICL combined with LRI (23 eyes) or TICL (23 eyes) group. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), objective refraction, astigmatism vector analysis were assessed preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively; corneal aberrations were compared preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed comparable outcomes in visual acuity, refraction postoperatively. Surgically Induced Astigmatism (SIA) showed a decreasing trend in the LRI group (1.07 to 0.92, P = 0.044), while it remained stable in the TICL group (1.11 to 1.20, P = 0.507). Total corneal wavefront aberrations, spherical aberration and horizontal coma postoperatively showed reduction in LRI group, whereas slightly increased in the TICL group (all P< 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both ICL combined with LRI and TICL implantation achieve good efficacy in correcting moderate astigmatism. The TICL group showed better postoperative astigmatism stability. The LRI group demonstrated reductions in several corneal aberration parameters compared with the TICL group.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1812066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13375452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148581461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world evaluation of an OCT-based AI decision-support system for neovascular AMD activity triage in teleophthalmology.","authors":"Kai Rothaus, Michael Grün, Henrik Faatz, Martin Ziegler, Georg Spital, Albrecht Lommatzsch, Matthias Gutfleisch, Britta Heimes-Bussmann, Clemens Lange","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1870572","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1870572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate real-world agreement between a CE-marked OCT-based AI decision-support system and routine retreatment decisions for neovascular AMD within a teleophthalmology workflow.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective clinical study including 429 OCT examinations from 247 patients (306 treated eyes) with neovascular AMD. Retinal specialists made routine retreatment decisions (\"inject\" vs \"watch-and-wait\") using full clinical context. Independently, the AI system (deepeye^® TPS, version 1.2) analyzed the current OCT volume only (no prior OCT, visual acuity, treatment interval, or clinical notes) and generated a Disease Activity Score (DAS; 0-100) used to derive an \"inject\" vs \"watch-and-wait\" recommendation. Discrepant cases were re-evaluated by senior graders to establish a double-senior-graded (DSG) reference standard. Implementation analyses assessed a deferral (\"safety zone\") strategy. Main outcome measures included agreement/accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity versus real-world decisions and the double-senior-graded (DSG) reference standard, as well as decision coverage under deferral.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Agreement between real-world decisions and AI recommendations was 83.2% (sensitivity 74.7%, specificity 88.0%). Against the double-senior-graded reference standard (DSG), accuracy in the full analysis set (FAS), analyzed at the examination level, was 85.5% (sensitivity 77.2%, specificity 90.4%). Using an empirically optimized DAS threshold, accuracy increased to 88.6% (sensitivity 78.5%, specificity 94.9%) in the eligible retreatment-decision set (ERDS). Application of a deferral policy (\"safety zone\", DAS 33-64) resulted in automated recommendations for 78.4% of eligible examinations, while 21.6% were deferred due to intermediate DAS values; among examinations with an automated recommendation, accuracy was 92.3% (sensitivity 83.2%, specificity 97.5%). Most misclassifications involved subtle IRF/SRF and SHRM as identified by the reading center and tended to be underestimated by the AI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evaluated OCT-only AI decision-support output showed substantial agreement with routine retinal-specialist retreatment decisions in a real-world teleophthalmology workflow, particularly when intermediate Disease Activity Scores were deferred to human review. However, false-negative cases and context-dependent discrepancies highlight that the system should support, not replace, clinician judgement. Prospective multicenter validation using longitudinal and multimodal input data is required before broader workflow integration can be recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1870572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13368572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Resolution of negative dysphotopsia after capsulorhexis revision in an extended depth of focus intraocular lens.","authors":"Rafael Lucena, David Goldblum, Tamer Tandogan","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1852810","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1852810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Negative dysphotopsia (ND) is a known cause of patient dissatisfaction following cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. While IOL explantation is often considered in persistent cases, identifying reversible anatomical factors is essential to minimize surgical risk. Capsulorhexis size and configuration have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ND but remain underrecognized as a direct therapeutic target. A 73-year-old woman underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification with implantation of an extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOL in the left eye. Postoperatively, she experienced persistent negative dysphotopsia despite optimal visual acuity, which significantly impacted her daily activities. At 6 months, she was referred to a university hospital where IOL explantation was recommended. On presentation to our department for a second opinion, slit-lamp examination revealed optimal IOL centration but a markedly small and irregular capsulorhexis. No posterior capsule defect, opacification, or refractive error was noted. The patient underwent surgical enlargement of the anterior capsulorhexis and removal of fibrotic capsular tissue using microsurgical scissors. The IOL remained stable, and no intraoperative complications occurred. Postoperatively, the patient reported progressive improvement in visual quality. At the 1-month follow-up, negative dysphotopsia had resolved, visual acuity remained stable, and patient satisfaction was high, avoiding the need for IOL explantation. Small or irregular capsulorhexis can be an underrecognized and reversible cause of IOL intolerance. Surgical revision of capsulorhexis may represent a safe and effective, lens-preserving alternative to IOL explantation in selected patients. Careful anterior segment evaluation should be considered in the diagnostic workup of postoperative dysphotopsia to identify candidates for this targeted intervention. This approach may be considered prior to IOL explantation in the management of persistent negative dysphotopsia.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1852810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13368554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous laser treatment of port-wine stains and its impact on ocular manifestations in Sturge-Weber syndrome.","authors":"Susan Darby Keith, Grace Herrick, Ashton Arlen, Halrleen K Multani, Kelly Frasier, Kathryn Dempsey, Paul McDaniel","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1843605","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1843605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the presence of port-wine stains (PWS) and ophthalmologic complications, including glaucoma and choroidal hemangiomas. These manifestations result from somatic mutations in the <i>GNAQ</i> gene, leading to vascular malformations that affect both the skin and ocular tissues. This review aims to evaluate the impact of laser treatment for PWS on ocular manifestations in SWS, considering both clinical outcomes and underlying biological mechanisms. PWS are common in SWS patients and significantly impair quality of life (QoL) and necessitate effective treatment strategies. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy, which targets the abnormal blood vessels within PWS, has been established as an effective method for reducing the size and appearance of these stains. Clinical studies suggest that PDL therapy not only improves dermatologic outcomes but may also have possible association with ocular vascular dynamics such as reducing intraocular pressure and ameliorating choroidal hemangiomas. The review evaluates data from various studies and highlights changes in intraocular pressure, the incidence of glaucoma, and modifications in choroidal hemangiomas following laser treatment. Mechanistic insights suggest that laser therapy may improve dermatologic and ocular symptoms by modulating sebaceous gland activity and enhancing the skin's barrier function, thereby indirectly affecting ocular health. Additionally, the review discusses the safety profiles of different laser systems, the importance of multidisciplinary care, and the need for standardized treatment protocols to minimize risks and optimize patient outcomes. Integrated dermatologic and ophthalmologic care remains crucial in improving the overall health and QoL for patients with SWS.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1843605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13364581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148450915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A concise overview of using the P300 component of the event-related potential for objective estimation of visual acuity.","authors":"Julia Haldina, Michael Bach, Céline Z Duval, Michael B Hoffmann, Sven P Heinrich","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1846725","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1846725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual acuity (VA) assessment traditionally relies on patient cooperation, which can be unreliable in pediatric cases, cognitive impairment, or suspected malingering. While the visual evoked potential (VEP) provides an objective alternative, it primarily reflects the integrity of the early visual pathways and may overestimate VA in conditions like amblyopia. This concise review explores the P300 event-related potential as a promising cognitively-driven tool for objective VA estimation. A literature search was conducted to identify studies utilizing the P300-a marker of high-level cognitive processing and conscious perception-for VA estimation. Additional literature was included to provide a broader context. Unlike the VEP, which depends on physical stimulus characteristics, the P300 is elicited during conscious stimulus categorization, typically using an oddball paradigm. Therefore, P300-based VA estimation can utilize standard clinical optotypes, such as Landolt Cs, allowing for a more direct comparison with gold-standard psychophysical testing. For instance, P300-based VA mirrors psychophysical deficits in amblyopia better than VEP-based methods. The P300 serves as a valuable objective complement to traditional visual electrophysiology, bridging the gap between physiological stimulus processing and conscious perception. While challenges such as recording duration still need to be resolved, the ability to use custom-tailored stimuli offers significant potential for forensic evaluations and complex clinical cases in ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1846725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13349929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148426985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Ocular surface disorders- an insight.","authors":"Hon Shing Ong, Shweta Agarwal","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1895030","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2026.1895030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1895030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13349833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148426958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}