Frontiers in ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"The evolving role of ciclosporin in the management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.","authors":"Mumta Kanda, Bita Manzouri","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1525868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2025.1525868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the spectrum of allergic eye disease, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is classed as one of the most severe disease entities and can have profound effects on visual development as well as on the emotional and psychological well-being of afflicted children. The traditional mainstay of treatment for the condition, to control the ocular inflammation, has been steroids but the use of these drugs has not been without side effects. Ciclosporin offers an alternative to steroids, providing symptom relief and control of the ocular inflammation, whilst averting the problems associated with raised intraocular pressure, cataract formation and reactivation of herpes simplex keratitis, all recognised side effects of topical steroids. However, the journey to the development of a formulation of an unpreserved ciclosporin for use in human eyes has been a protracted one; the aim of this article is to outline this journey and the role of ciclosporin in the modern management of this debilitating disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1525868"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of illness in thyroid eye disease: current state of the evidence.","authors":"Madhura A Tamhankar, Syed Raza, Erika Brutsaert, Estefanía Urdániz, Yelena Vainilovich, Anne Heyes, Liesl Gildea, Marco Sales-Sanz","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1565762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2025.1565762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a disabling autoimmune condition characterized by proptosis and progressive orbital inflammation involving the extraocular muscles, orbital fat, and connective tissues. Clinical features include facial disfigurement, diplopia, dry eyes, and in severe cases, vision loss. Consequently, individuals with TED suffer significant physical and psychological burdens that impact their quality of life. Currently, there is no standardized definition or <i>International Classification of Diseases</i> code for TED, and the disease landscape remains incompletely understood; moreover, TED diagnostic criteria and treatment recommendations have not been thoroughly assessed across diverse populations. It is necessary to better understand the clinical, humanistic, and economic burden of TED and identify gaps in our knowledge to improve TED management and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To describe the current understanding of TED epidemiology, diagnosis, disease burden, and recent TED treatment guidelines, a targeted literature review was conducted, searching multiple databases using key words of specific search topics (i.e., TED; epidemiology, humanistic, economic, and clinical burden; treatment; and practice guidelines) for articles published between October 2013 and October 2023 in the United States, United Kingdom, and Europe (France, Germany, Italy, and Spain). Articles published between May 2014 and May 2024 describing diverse racial and sociodemographic presentations of TED were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TED is a complex disease with an array of risk factors, including thyroid dysfunction, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobin, smoking, and comorbid conditions. The natural history of TED is not clearly defined, and diagnosis is complicated due to the array of phenotypes and orbital symptoms observed. Although novel first-line treatments are available in select countries, there is an unmet need for improved treatments for moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening TED. Individuals with TED continue to experience poor health-related quality of life due to the clinical burden that TED imposes along with large healthcare resource utilization costs and treatment costs, and economic evaluation studies are limited. Importantly, there is still a need for studies that explore diverse populations and the impact of race and ethnicity on the disease landscape.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TED remains an incompletely characterized disease with major knowledge gaps, particularly among historically underserved populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1565762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of reading spectacle coverage among adults aged 35 years and above living in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia, 2023.","authors":"Matiyas Mamo Bekele, Melkamu Temeselew Tegegn, Nebiyat Feleke Adimassu, Abel Sinshaw Assem, Tarekegn CheklieZeleke, Abebizuhan Zigale Bayabil, Getenet Shumet Birhan, Abebech Fikade Shumye","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1496499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2025.1496499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Near vision impairment can be addressed through several methods, including spectacles, contact lenses, miotic drugs, and refractive surgery. Of these options, spectacles are the most commonly used, affordable, and accessible solution. Reading spectacle coverage is an important indicator of admittance and eye care service utilization. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool for monitoring progress toward achieving universal eye health coverage worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of reading spectacle coverage among adults aged 35 years and above living in Debre Berhan town, North Shewa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study involving 808 adults was conducted in Debre Berhan town from May 8 to June 8, 2023, utilizing a multistage sampling technique. Data were gathered using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire administered by interviewers. The information was collected through Kobo Collect version 2021.4.4 and subsequently exported to Stata version 14 for processing and analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with reading spectacle coverage. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 in the multivariable binary logistic regression were deemed statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 780 participants took part in the study, resulting in a response rate of 96.53%. The average age of the participants was 49.58 ± 9.31 years. The proportion of reading spectacle coverage was 32.69% (95% CI: 28.82, 36.31). Factors positively associated with reading spectacle coverage included higher educational status (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.59, 6.05), awareness of near vision problems (AOR = 3.24, 95% CI: 2.08, 5.05), a history of eye examination (AOR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.58, 6.55), experiencing difficulties with near vision (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.26, 5.21), and adding plus lens power used ≥2.50D (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.16).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that the proportion of reading spectacle coverage was low. A higher level of education, history of awareness of near vision problems, history of difficulties in near vision, history of eye examination, and high adding lens power used were significantly associated with reading spectacle coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1496499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of IL-6 in thyroid eye disease: an update on emerging treatments.","authors":"Jennifer Murdock, John Nguyen, Brady J Hurtgen, Cathy Andorfer, John Walsh, Andrea Lin, Christopher Tubbs, Kristine Erickson, Kimberly Cockerham","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1544436","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1544436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels have been shown to correlate with disease activity in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED), a complex, heterogeneous, autoimmune disease affecting thousands of people worldwide. IL-6 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of TED through three key mechanisms that together may contribute to inflammation, tissue expansion, remodeling, and fibrosis within the orbit. First, IL-6 drives an autoimmune response targeting the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) by promoting the production of autoantibodies (i.e. TSHR-Ab, TSI), thereby triggering TSHR-dependent immune pathways. Second, IL-6 stimulates the activation and differentiation of orbital fibroblasts, which contributes to the inflammatory process and increase adipogenesis. Finally, IL-6 stimulates T-cell-mediated inflammation, amplifying the immune response within orbital tissues. Although corticosteroids and surgery have served as mainstays of TED treatment, a multimodal approach is often required due to the disease's heterogeneous presentation and response to current treatment options. TED is a chronic, lifelong condition characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission, with inflammation playing a central role in disease progression and severity. Because inflammation can flare intermittently throughout a patient's life, there is growing interest in targeting specific components of the immune system to reduce disease activity and severity. This review focuses on the current evidence supporting IL-6 as a key mediator of TED pathogenesis and explores its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1544436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of progression in intermediate age-related macular degeneration among patients using systemic beta-blockers.","authors":"Brady Hogan, Nihaal Mehta, Anne Strong Caldwell, A Itzam Marin, Zafar S Gill, Andres Liske-Cervantes, Marc T Mathias, Niranjan Manoharan, Alan G Palestine, Talisa E de Carlo Forest, Naresh Mandava, Anne M Lynch, Jennifer L Patnaik","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1535791","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1535791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to determine whether systemic beta-blocker use over time influences the progression from intermediate to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study utilized data from the University of Colorado Age-Related Macular Degeneration Registry at the UCHealth Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center. Patients with intermediate AMD (iAMD) enrolled between October 2014 and November 2021. At enrollment, patient demographics and medication history were recorded. Beta-blocker use was assessed at enrollment and at each follow-up visit. Participants were asked to return annually for imaging, and images were classified as either intermediate AMD or conversion to advanced non-neovascular (NNV) AMD or neovascular (NV) AMD by two vitreoretinal specialists using multimodal imaging. Time to conversion was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves for each advanced AMD phenotype and for overall conversion, stratified by beta-blocker status. Progression from intermediate to advanced AMD (NNV or NV) was determined using multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography, color fundus photography, and fundus autofluorescence of the posterior pole.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 292 patients were included in the study, with 22.6% using a systemic beta-blocker and 36.6% (<i>n</i> = 107) progressing from iAMD to advanced AMD in at least one eye. Patients on a beta-blocker at enrollment were more likely to convert to NV AMD (HR: 1.92 [95% CI: 1.04, 3.55], <i>p</i>-value = 0.036), but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for age and treated hypertension. No significant differences were observed in conversion to advanced NNV or any advanced AMD between groups (all <i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In adjusted analyses, systemic beta-blocker use was not significantly associated with the risk of progression from iAMD to advanced NV or NNV AMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1535791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of vision loss associated with complications of cosmetic filler injections.","authors":"Samantha Madala, Shaili Davuluru, Joy Li, Jeffrey Gluckstein, John Martin, Kasra Khatibi, Sandy Zhang-Nunes","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1568370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2025.1568370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Injectable cosmetic fillers have dramatically risen in popularity in recent years. However, as the use of such fillers has become more common, there have been many reports of vision loss secondary to misplaced filler embolizing to the ophthalmic artery resulting in ocular ischemia. Currently, there are no randomized control trials or widely validated clinical guidelines that dictate how injectors should manage ischemic complications of filler embolism. This review aims to explain the possible mechanisms by which a cosmetic filler embolus can occlude the ophthalmic artery, describe the types of treatments that have been attempted thus far, and delineate possible a stroke-like protocol that can be implemented in order to restore perfusion and recover vision after such ischemic complications have occurred.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1568370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femtosecond laser-assisted <i>in situ</i> keratomileusis for the correction of residual ametropia after penetrating keratoplasty: 1-year follow-up.","authors":"Dario Pasquale Mucciolo, Giancarlo Albani, Luca Terracciano, Marco Branchetti, Laura Luchetti, Vittoria Murro, Gianni Virgili, Fabrizio Giansanti","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1562555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2025.1562555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After an optimal corneal transplantation, a residual refractive error is possible due to several factors. We evaluated the 1-yr follow up of laser-assisted <i>in situ</i> keratomileusis using femtosecond laser (LASIK) for the correction of residual ametropia after penetrating keratoplasty (PK).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten eyes of 10 patients were treated using corneal Femto-LASIK (F-LASIK) (WaveLight® Refractive Suite, Alcon) to correct refractive errors after PK at Careggi Teaching Hospital (Florence, Italy). The main outcomes included uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), preoperative and postoperative manifest refraction, and corneal topography. All patients were evaluated the day after surgery and 1, 4, 12, 24, 48 weeks later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the 48-week follow up, all patients showed a significant improvement in their UDVA (mean: 0.95 ± 0.29 LogMAR vs 0.50 ± 0.22 LogMAR, p<0.05) as well as in the spherical equivalent value (SE) (mean: -4.50 ± 2.37 vs. -1.55 ± 0.77, p<0.05), the cylindrical ametropia (mean: -6.13 ± 2.04 vs. -3.20 ± 2.15, p<0.05) and the CDVA also improved (median 0.26 [0.1-0.9] vs 0.22 [0.1-0.4] LogMAR, p<00.05). These values were observed from the 12-week follow up onwards. Post-operative spherical ametropia was not statistically significant. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were not detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UDVA significantly improved using Femto-LASIK without surgical complications. The refractive results were stable from the 3-mth to the 1-yr follow ups. Femto-LASIK is an effective and safe choice to treat post-PK refractive errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1562555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of cataract surgery outcomes at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Amare Atoma Gelalcha, Sisay Bekele, Dagmawit Kifle, Wolela Mulatu, Edosa Kejela Keno, Wondu Reta Demissie","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1547898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2025.1547898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, cataract is the leading cause of blindness accounting for 51% and affecting approximately 39 million people. Visual rehabilitation is achieved through sight-restoring surgery.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to assess the outcomes of cataract surgery that were performed by senior ophthalmologists and residents at Jimma Medical Center (JMC), Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 341 patients who underwent cataract surgery. The surgery outcomes were assessed using the Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS) and WHO guidelines. The primary outcomes of the study were post-surgical visual acuity tests, complications within 30 days following surgery, and any additional procedures required. Finally, the outcome of cataract surgery was rated as good, borderline, or poor based on the post-surgical visual acuity test results according to WHO guidelines, and as good vision, no/mild, moderate, or severe visual impairment (VI), and blindness according to PQRS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 341 cataract surgeries performed, 171 were operated by residents and 170 by senior ophthalmologists, respectively. The overall prevalence of cataract surgery outcomes based on PQRS guidelines for post-operative visual acuity tests showed good vision in 187 cases (54.8%), no/mild VI in 64 cases (18.8%), moderate VI in 46 cases (13.5%), severe VI in 12 cases (3.5%), and blindness in 32 (9.1%). According to the WHO classification, 253 cases (74.2%) had a good outcome, while 45 cases (13.25%) had a borderline outcome and 43 cases (12.6%) had a poor outcome. The prevalence of cataract surgery outcomes varied among healthcare professionals performing the surgeries. Less than 9.7% of patients required re-surgery within the first month of operation due to complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, 54.8% of the patients achieved good vision with an acuity test result of 6/12 or better. This finding meets the minimum Medicare PQRS measure value of ≥50% for both professionals. The overall outcome of cataract surgery showed a statistically significant difference between residents and senior ophthalmologists who performed the procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1547898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of rodent lens morphometrics and biomechanical properties.","authors":"Sepideh Cheheltani, Sadia T Islam, Heather Malino, Kalekidan Abera, Sandeep Aryal, Karen Forbes, Justin Parreno, Velia M Fowler","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1562583","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1562583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Proper ocular lens function requires biomechanical flexibility, which is reduced during aging. As increasing lens size has been shown to correlate with lens biomechanical stiffness in aging, we tested the hypothesis that whole lens size determines gross biomechanical stiffness by comparing lenses of varying sizes from three rodent species (mice, rats, and guinea pigs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Coverslip compression assay was performed to measure whole lens biomechanics. Whole mount staining on fixed lenses, followed by confocal microscopy, was conducted to measure lens microstructures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the three species, guinea pig lenses are the largest, rat lenses are smaller than guinea pig lenses, and mouse lenses are the smallest of the three. We found that rat and guinea pig lenses are stiffer than the much smaller mouse lenses. However, despite guinea pig lenses being larger than rat lenses, whole lens stiffness between guinea pigs and rats is not different. This refutes our hypothesis and indicates that lens size does not solely determine lens stiffness. We next compared lens microstructures, including nuclear size, capsule thickness, epithelial cell area, fiber cell widths, and suture organization between mice, rats, and guinea pigs. The lens nucleus is the largest in guinea pigs, followed by rats, and mice. However, the rat nucleus occupies a larger fraction of the lens. Both lens capsule thickness and fiber cell widths are the largest in guinea pigs, followed by mice and then rats. Epithelial cells are the largest in guinea pigs, and there are no differences between mice and rats. In addition, the lens suture shape appears similar across all three species.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall, our data indicates that whole lens size and microstructure morphometrics do not correlate with lens stiffness, indicating that factors contributing to lens biomechanics are complex and likely multifactorial.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1562583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world impact of latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution 0.024% in glaucoma therapy: a narrative review.","authors":"W Daniel Stamer, Thomas Chiu, Da-Wen Lu, Tsing Hong Wang, Prin Rojanapongpun, Ngamkae Ruangvaravate, Youn Hye Jo, Marlene R Moster, Murray Fingeret, Nora Lee Cothran, Jessica Steen, Ian Benjamin Gaddie, Ömür Uçakhan-Gündüz, Wesam Shamseldin Shalaby, Cindy M L Hutnik","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2025.1554777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2025.1554777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution (LBN) 0.024% is a topical nitric oxide (NO)-donating prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) analog first approved in November 2017 for reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or open-angle glaucoma (OAG). This narrative review describes the unique mechanism of action of LBN and summarizes available real-world data. Upon instillation, LBN is metabolized into latanoprost acid and butanediol mononitrate, which is further reduced to NO and an inactive metabolite. Latanoprost acid increases aqueous humor outflow primarily through the uveoscleral (unconventional) pathway, whereas NO increases outflow through the trabecular (conventional) pathway. Eight studies were identified: 2 studies in newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients with OHT or OAG, 4 studies of adjunctive therapy in patients with glaucoma receiving other IOP-lowering therapies, and 2 studies in which patients with glaucoma switched to LBN monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. Decreases in IOP after initiating LBN in newly diagnosed patients or adding/switching to LBN were generally consistent with reductions observed in clinical trials and sustained throughout the studies. Rates of discontinuation due to inadequate IOP lowering ranged from 12.2% to 17.1%. LBN was generally well tolerated in real-world studies; the most common adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of LBN. Data from real-world studies provide important insights regarding the potential effectiveness and tolerability of LBN in the clinical setting and suggest that LBN is well tolerated and associated with significant, clinically meaningful, and durable reductions in IOP.</p>","PeriodicalId":73096,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in ophthalmology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1554777"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11985852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}