Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Sports preferences in children and adolescents in psychiatric care—evaluation of a new questionnaire","authors":"Florian Breido, Sebastian Stumm, E. Jenetzky, Michael Huss","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1354595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1354595","url":null,"abstract":"As part of an exploratory and hypothesis-generating study, we developed the Sports Preference Questionnaire (SPOQ) to survey the athletic behavior of mentally ill children and adolescents, subjectively assessed physical fitness and perceived psychological effects of physical activity.In a department of child and adolescent psychiatry, we classified 313 patients (6–18 years) according to their primary psychiatric diagnosis. The patients or—in the parental version of the questionnaire—their parents reported their sport preferences on the SPOQ. As possibly influential factors, we also assessed the frequency of physical activity, the importance of a trainer, coping with everyday life through physical activity, and subjectively perceived physical fitness.One in 3 patients (32.4%) stated that they were not physically active. Patients diagnosed with eating disorders reported, on average, a notably high frequency (median of 3 h/week) and degree of coping with daily life through physical activity (median of 5 on a 6-point Likert scale). Patients with anxiety disorders and depression had the lowest self-perception of physical fitness (mean value of 3.1 or 3.7 on an interval scala from 0 to 9). The presence of a trainer was generally considered not important, except for ADHD patients (median of 3 on a 6-point Likert scale).The SPOQ is sensitive for differential effects of core child and adolescent disorders as well as for main covariates influencing the complex association between physical activity and emotional and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents. Based on this pilot study, we discussed the need for an efficacy study to measure the effects of sports therapy.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140997077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of the severity of child abuse using nationwide survey data from Child Guidance Centers in Japan: focus on infancy and preschool age","authors":"Yasukazu Ogai, Ryoko Nakajima-Yamaguchi, Hirotsuna Ohashi, Kentaro Niwa, Toyoo Sakurayama, Nobuaki Morita","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1305811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1305811","url":null,"abstract":"The present study conducted a secondary data analysis of a comprehensive survey from Child Guidance Centers in Japan to identify factors that are associated with child abuse severity in infancy (0–3 years, 1,868 cases) and preschool age (4–6 years, 1,529 cases). A predictive model for abuse severity was developed.The data originated from a nationwide survey that was conducted in April 2013, consisting of details of abuse cases, including child characteristics, abuser attributes, and family situation. Abuse severity was assessed on a five-level scale (suspected, mild, moderate, severe, and life-threatening) that was converted into a binary outcome. Logistic regression analysis was used to create a predictive model using two-thirds of the data, which was validated with the remaining third of the data.As a result, in infancy, risks of severity increased with younger age of the abused child, physical abuse, neglect, witnessing domestic violence, and the involvement of Child Guidance Centers or hospitals in detection. The abuser's mental problems and cumulative child damage contributed to severity. For preschool age, similar factors applied, with additional risks that included abuse overlap and guardian separation. Cumulative abuser issues and child physical damage impacted severity. Validation yielded moderate prediction accuracy (areas under the curve: 0.703 and 0.714).","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provider attitudes toward evidence-based practice in autism: a mini-review","authors":"Elizabeth A. DeLucia, Samantha M. Harden, Angela Scarpa","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1363532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1363532","url":null,"abstract":"There are many established evidence-based practices (EBPs) for autistic youth which facilitate wellbeing and skill development across a range of domains. However, individuals on the autism spectrum are consistently underserved in mental health settings, limiting their access to these EBPs. Positive provider attitudes toward EBPs may increase their uptake or use. The current mini-review seeks to synthesize the literature regarding attitudes toward EBPs among providers working with autistic youth across a variety of settings (i.e., school, early intervention, and general mental health). Fifteen quantitative studies were included. The majority of studies (n = 13, 87%) utilized the Evidence Based Practice Attitudes Scale (EBPAS) or a variation of this scale. Attitudes toward EBPs were primarily used as a correlate or covariate, although some studies reported descriptive statistics of provider attitudes. When available, the reported results suggest that attitudes toward EBPs are moderately positive at baseline, although they vary between provider types. Two studies (13%) examined change in attitudes toward EBPs and suggested that they may be responsive to intervention. However, findings were mixed as to whether attitudes toward EBPs are predictive of EBP use/uptake. Implications and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preschool mother-child emotional preparation program leads to significant improvement in autonomic regulation: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Martha G Welch, Robert J Ludwig, Justin Kong, Virginia Rauh, Amie A Hane, Marc Jaffe, Anna Witkowski, Michael M Myers","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1308210","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1308210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Many studies have documented the profound impact that the mother-child relationship has on child sociality and behavior. However, the biological mechanisms that govern the relationship are poorly understood. We developed a mother-child emotional preparation program (MCEP), based on a novel autonomic nervous system learning mechanism. MCEP is hypothesized to condition the child's autonomic nervous system to better meet the preschool socioemotional classroom challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a randomized controlled trial of MCEP, comparing a group of children receiving standard curriculum with children receiving standard curriculum plus MCEP. Previously, we reported that the MCEP mother-child dyads (vs controls) were more emotionally connected at six months post intervention and MCEP children (vs controls) displayed better socioemotional behavior at home and in the classroom. At six months post intervention, mothers and children underwent a stressful interaction-interruption paradigm, during which we acquired child ECG. We analyzed heart rate and several measures of child heart rate variability obtained during the 10-minute post-stress recovery period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that MCEP children showed better autonomic regulation following the stressor, as measured by lower heart rate (<i>p</i> = 0.017) and increased high frequency respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) or vagal tone (<i>p</i> = 0.043). Surprisingly, despite a sample size limited by COVID (<i>n</i> = 12 and 12), the effect sizes were large (g's ranging from 0.89 to 1.09). In addition, we found significant correlations with large effect sizes between autonomic measures and scores on the Welch Emotional Connection Screen (WECS).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings support the conclusion that MCEP had a significant positive impact on child autonomic regulation in response to stress, which correlates with behavioral assessments of emotional connection. We discuss theoretical considerations and the implications of our findings for preschool education programs in general. This trial was retrospectively registered (clinicaltrial.gov registry NCT02970565) three months after the start of the first recruitment on April 9, 2019.</p>","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"3 ","pages":"1308210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of psychomotor therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders—a systematic literature review","authors":"Evelien Vriend, Janet Moeijes, Mia Scheffers","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1182188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1182188","url":null,"abstract":"Specific Phobia (SP), Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD), and Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) are the most prevalent anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Although anxiety has a major influence on the body, evidence-based treatments mainly focus on cognitive and behavioral aspects of anxiety. Body- and movement-oriented interventions, such as psychomotor therapy (PMT), address the physical aspects. Bodily experience and interoceptive awareness are used to change behavior, cognition, and emotions. This review aimed to provide an overview of the efficacy of PMT for children and adolescents aged 0–18 years with SP, GAD, or SAD.Data were collected in PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, ERIC, and Web of Science, from January 2020 until April 2022. Two independent researchers (EV and JM) selected the articles and performed a critical appraisal.From 1,438 articles found, only one article met the inclusion criteria.No consensus-based statement about the efficacy of PMT in children and adolescents with SP, GAD, or SAD can be made due to the gap in the literature. Future research is needed to evaluate the efficacy. The first step may be to design treatment protocols. Subsequently, these protocols may be evaluated concerning efficacy.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"52 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and depressive symptoms as predictors of substance use initiation among adolescents living on and near a Tribal reservation in the Great Plains region of the U.S.","authors":"Caroline M Barry, Ashna Jagtiani, Melvin D Livingston, Sierra Talavera-Brown, Hannah LaBounty, Eugena Atkinson, Juli R Skinner, Kelli A Komro","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1390793","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1390793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examines the impacts of anxiety and depressive symptoms on subsequent initiation of alcohol use, cannabis use, and prescription opioid misuse among diverse adolescents attending high schools on or near a Tribal reservation in a rural Great Plains region of the U.S.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In collaboration with Emory University and a Great Plains Tribal nation's behavioral health organization, a community randomized trial of 20 high schools was conducted to prevent substance misuse. Surveys administered at four time points (fall and spring of 10th and 11th grade) included the GAD-7, PHQ-8, and items assessing lifetime alcohol use, cannabis use, prescription opioid misuse, and covariates (age, gender, race, and food insecurity). The analytic sample included students with data at two or more time points (<i>n</i> = 455) from control schools (<i>k</i> = 10). Approximately half of the sample identified as American Indian only or American Indian/White only, and 36%-39% as White only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adjusted generalized estimating equations showed that every 5-point increase in anxiety symptoms was associated with 1.28 and 1.29 times the odds of initiating alcohol and cannabis use respectively the following semester. Similarly, every 5-point increase in depressive symptoms was associated with 1.25, 1.34, and 1.38 times the odds of initiating alcohol use, cannabis use, and prescription opioid misuse respectively the following semester.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results show a consistent 25%-38% increased odds of certain types of substance use initiation following increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Findings underscore the need for targeted prevention and intervention to address mental health issues among a historically marginalized population. Addressing mental health concerns earlier may mitigate later substance use risks and sequelae for rural and American Indian youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11619325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent-onset cannabis use and parenting young children: an investigation of differential effectiveness of a digital parenting intervention.","authors":"Katherine A Hails, Anna Cecilia McWhirter, Audrey C B Sileci, Elizabeth A Stormshak","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1392541","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1392541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is scant empirical work on associations between current and past cannabis use and parenting skills in parents of young children. As recreational cannabis use is now legal in nearly half of states in the U.S., cannabis use is becoming more ubiquitous.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the current study, parents of toddler and pre-school age children were randomly assigned to participate in an app-based parenting skills program that included telehealth coaching (Family Check-Up Online; FCU-O), with a focus on parenting in the context of substance use. We aimed to test associations between adolescent-onset and current cannabis use and parent mental health and parenting skills, as well as whether effects of the FCU-O on parent mental health outcomes varied as a function of past cannabis use. Participants were 356 parents of children ages 1.5-5 participating in a randomized controlled trial of the FCU-O. Parents screened into the study if they reported current or past substance misuse or current depressive symptoms. After completing a baseline assessment, parents were randomly assigned to the FCU-O or control group and completed a follow-up assessment 3 months later. Parents retrospectively reported on the age when they initially used substances, as well as their current use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After accounting for current cannabis use, adolescent-onset cannabis use was significantly associated with higher symptoms of anxiety and depression, but not with parenting skills. Adolescent-onset cannabis use was found to significantly moderate the effect of the FCU-O on parents' anxiety symptoms. Specifically, the FCU-O was particularly effective in reducing anxiety symptoms for parents with adolescent-onset regular cannabis use, after accounting for current cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Adolescent-onset regular cannabis use may be a risk factor for later mental health challenges in parents of children under 5. An app-based parenting intervention may be particularly helpful in reducing symptoms of anxiety for parents who used cannabis regularly as adolescents. The findings have significant implications for the prevention of multigenerational risk for substance use and mental health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The steps that young people and suicide prevention professionals think the social media industry and policymakers should take to improve online safety. A nested cross-sectional study within a Delphi consensus approach","authors":"Jo Robinson, Pinar Thorn, Samantha M. McKay, Hannah Richards, Rikki Battersby-Coulter, Michelle Lamblin, Laura Hemming, Louise La Sala","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1274263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1274263","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns exist about the relationship between social media and youth self-harm and suicide. Study aims were to examine the extent to which young people and suicide prevention professionals agreed on: (1) the utility of actions that social media companies currently take in response to self-harm and suicide-related content; and (2) further steps that the social media industry and policymakers could take to improve online safety.This was a cross-sectional survey study nested within a larger Delphi expert consensus study. A systematic search of peer-reviewed and grey literature and roundtables with social media companies, policymakers, and young people informed the questionnaire development. Two expert panels were developed to participate in the overarching Delphi study, one of young people and one of suicide prevention experts; of them 43 young people and 23 professionals participated in the current study. The proportion of participants “strongly agreeing”, “somewhat agreeing”, “neither agreeing nor disagreeing”, and “somewhat disagreeing” or “strongly disagreeing” for each item were calculated; items that achieved =>80% of agreement from both panels were strongly endorsed.There was limited consensus across the two groups regarding the utility of the safety strategies currently employed by companies. However, both groups largely agreed that self-harm and suicide-related content should be restricted. Both groups also agreed that companies should have clear policies covering content promoting self-harm or suicide, graphic depictions of self-harm or suicide, and games, pacts and hoaxes. There was moderate agreement that companies should use artificial intelligence to send resources to users at risk. Just over half of professionals and just under half of young people agreed that social media companies should be regulated by government. There was strong support for governments to require schools to educate students on safe online communication. There was also strong support for international collaboration to better coordinate efforts.Study findings reflect the complexity associated with trying to minimise the risks of communicating online about self-harm or suicide whilst capitalising on the benefits. However, a clear message was the need for better collaboration between policymakers and the social media industry and between government and its international counterparts","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"90 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad spectrum micronutrients: a potential key player to address emotional dysregulation","authors":"A. Villagomez, Michelle Cross, Noshene Ranjbar","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1295635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1295635","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatric conditions are inherently multifactorial and must be understood and addressed within a multidimensional framework. Adequate nutritional intake is necessary for optimal mental health and is thus an essential component of any psychiatric treatment plan; this is especially true as many patients have a diet high in ultra-processed foods. However, due to a variety of factors such as individual biological and behavioral contributors, modern farming practices, and climate change, implementing a healthy diet alone may not be sufficient to satisfy nutritional requirements. Research studies on three formulations of broad-spectrum micronutrients (BSMs) have demonstrated significant efficacy in treating a range of mental health disorders. In particular, outcomes associated with emotional regulation via BSMs across a variety of psychiatric illnesses (ADHD, autism, trauma, mood disorders, nicotine dependence, and psychosis) to date have been positive.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of routines on emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and on parental anxiety during COVID-19.","authors":"Vera Lees, Rosie Hay, Helen Bould, Alex S F Kwong, Daniel Major-Smith, Daphne Kounali, Rebecca M Pearson","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1114850","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1114850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Covid-19 pandemic and related public health measures, including lockdowns and school closures, have impacted on mental health of children.</p><p><strong>Aims and hypothesis: </strong>We hypothesised that there would be an association between maintaining a routine during lockdown and both lower emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and lower parental anxiety. Routine was taken as keeping to the same basic activities such as mealtimes and bedtimes. We also hypothesised that children of 'keyworker' parents would have fewer emotional and behavioural symptoms due to having maintained more normal routines. The key reason was that children of keyworkers still attended school or nursery and parents would have been getting up and coming home at the same times as pre-Covid. Keyworker status was defined as those whose work was essential to Covid-19 response, including work in health and social care and other key sectors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to explore associations between maintaining a routine, and emotional and behavioural difficulties in children, using linear regression models. All eligible ALSPAC-G2 participants were sent the survey and the responders are representative of the eligible G2 population. We included measures of parental anxiety. We separately explored associations with having a keyworker parent. We used the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire and the Revised Rutter Parent Scale for Preschool Children to establish levels of emotional and behavioural difficulties. The measures were chosen to match previous waves in multi-generations in ALSPAC where they had been shown to be predictive of later mental health in children. The scales measure emotional and behavioural problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred eighty-nine parents completed questionnaires about their 411 children. Keeping a routine was associated with emotional and behavioural difficulty scores 5.0 points lower (95% CI -10.0 to -0.1), <i>p</i> = 0.045 than not keeping a routine. Parents who reported keeping a routine had anxiety scores 4.3 points lower (95% CI -7.5 to -1.1), <i>p</i> = 0.009 than those who did not. Children of keyworkers tended to have lower emotional and behavioural difficulty scores [-3.1 (95%CI -6.26 to 0.08), <i>p</i> = 0.056] than children of non-keyworkers. All models were adjusted for relevant potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maintaining a routine may be beneficial for both child emotional wellbeing and parental anxiety, although it is also possible that lower parental anxiety levels made maintaining a routine easier. Being the child of a keyworker parent during lockdown may have been protective for child emotional wellbeing.</p>","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"2 ","pages":"1114850"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}