Frontiers in allergy最新文献

{"title":"Association of humidity and precipitation with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Wangyang Gu, Dan Xie, Qinpeng Li, Huike Feng, Yihao Xue, Yang Chen, Jingyi Tang, Yushi Zhou, Dan Wang, Shilu Tong, Shijian Liu","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1483430","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1483430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The relationship of asthma with humidity and precipitation remains controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of increased humidity and precipitation with asthma risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across various databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Wanfang, CQVIP, and CNKI. A total of 21 studies with 1,052,960 participants from 9 countries or regions were included. The fixed and random effect model were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.0489 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0061, 1.0935] for the association between humidity and asthma risk. Specifically, among individuals under 18 years of age, the OR (95% CI) was 1.0898 (1.0290, 1.1541). Furthermore, the OR (95% CI) for developing countries or regions was 1.0927 (1.0220, 1.1684), while it was 1.1298 (0.9502, 1.3433) for regions with a high latitude (41°-51°). The pooled OR for precipitation and asthma risk was 0.9991 (0.9987, 0.9995). The OR (95%CI) values were 0.9991 (0.9987, 0.9995), 0.9991 (0.9987, 0.9995) and 0.9990 (0.9986, 0.9994) in people above the age of 18, developing countries or regions, and middle latitudes (31°-41°), respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The impact of humidity on asthma risk is particularly pronounced among individuals below 18 years of age, people living in developing countries or regions and in regions located in high latitudes. And the influence of precipitation on asthma persons over the age of 18, developing countries or regions, and middle latitudes significantly. Increased humidity appears to elevate asthma risk, and increased precipitation may reduce the risk. In addition, there appears to be a combined effect of humidity and precipitation on asthma.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO, identifier, CRD42023482446.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1483430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk ladder: Who? When? How? Where? with the lowest risk of reaction.","authors":"Betul Buyuktiryaki, Ozge Soyer, Gulbin Bingol, Ceren Can, Hikmet Tekin Nacaroglu, Aysen Bingol, Ebru Arik Yilmaz, Metin Aydogan, Cansin Sackesen","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1516774","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1516774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The milk ladder (ML) approach, which is the gradual reintroduction of the milk allergen from the least allergenic forms to the most allergenic forms into the diet of the patients, has been utilized mostly in non-IgE-mediated but in some countries also in IgE-mediated-CMPA due to its possible benefits which include nutrition, quality of life and tolerance induction. Despite increasing interest, so far, there is no guideline on ML; thus, the use of this approach shows discrepancies among healthcare professionals as many factors such as dietary habits, patient history, test results, workload, and facilities of the hospitals, the anxiety of the parents/patients may affect the decision on how, when, where and whom to use ML. Here, we reviewed current data on implementing the ML, suggested a 4-step ML including receipts and amounts, and shared our experience on optimal patient selection, appropriate time and steps for initiating ML, and time intervals between the steps targeting the lowest risk of reaction. We also added the newly developed twice-baked biscotti cake to the ML. We presented the analyses of this product, showing its low allergenicity compared to conventional cake, which provides a safer introduction of milk into the diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1516774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and sensitization profile in peach allergy due to LTP sensitization.","authors":"Zambrano Ibarra Gabriela, Rodríguez Mazariego M Elena, López Tovar Carlos, Blanco López Marta, Baeza Ochoa M Luisa","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1477364","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1477364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lipid transfer proteins (LTP) are associated with a wide range of severity of allergic reactions. However, the risk factors associated with this severity are not fully understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the clinical characteristics of peach-allergic patients due to LTP sensitization and analyze the relationship between the severity of the reactions and patients' sensitization profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of peach-allergic patients was performed. Patients were classified into LTP-monoallergic (only peach allergy) or LTP-Syndrome (peach allergy and allergy to other plants-foods related with LTP). Symptoms with Rosaceae family and other related plant foods, skin prick tests (SPTs), and IgE values were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-one patients were included, 46.5% suffering from anaphylaxis, 32.3% from urticaria angioedema, and 21.2% from oral allergy syndrome. Six had monoallergy to LTP and 65 LTP syndrome. Clinical severity showed no differences according to peach SPT wheal size or <i>Pru p 3</i> IgE levels. We also found no differences between the components of LTP-containing foods analyzed, the number of LTPs recognized, and the severity of symptoms. However, anaphylaxis was more frequent in patients with concomitant allergies to ≥3 groups of plant foods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LTP syndrome was the most common presentation in patients with Rosaceae food allergy. The severity of the reactions was not related to peach SPT wheal size or sIgE levels to Pru p 3, but concomitant allergies to ≥3 plant food groups could be a good marker of severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1477364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of offending drugs and cutaneous adverse drug reactions requiring hospitalisation in a tertiary South African hospital in TB/HIV endemic setting.","authors":"S P P Konyana, N F Teixeira, L Pirjol, B Thwala, W Nkoyane, M Porter, F Gxolo, E Phillips, R Lehloenya, A Mankahla, J Peter","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1481281","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1481281","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Cutaneous immune-mediated adverse drug reactions are more prevalent in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCAR) are a life-threatening subset of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) and a significant public health issue in settings endemic for human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis. However, limited data are available on CADR requiring hospitalisation in African settings. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology, offending drugs and outcomes of CADRs requiring admission to a South African tertiary dermatology service.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective folder review was conducted on all CADRs requiring hospitalisation at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa between 30 July 2015 and 15 December 2022. This data was compared to prospective inclusion of CADR admissions between 03 March 2021 and 09 April 2024 as part of the Immune-Mediated Adverse Drug Reactions (IMARI) Registry and Biorepository and AFRISCAR consortium. Where possible, phenotype and drug causality assessment was performed through RegiSCAR, or Naranjo and/or ALDEN scoring respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;CADR admissions included 122 cases: 89 and 33 in the retrospective and prospective cohorts respectively. The commonest SCAR phenotype was Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) at 59.8% (73/122), although other validated SCAR phenotypes included drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) and generalized fixed bullous drug eruption (GBFDE). Cutaneous presentations included typical and atypical SCAR features against a background Fitzpatrick skin tones of type IV and above. Amongst the retrospective cohort 16.9% (15/89) of phenotypes were unclassifiable due to lack of photographs. The overall median (IQR) age was 38 (25-50) years, 50.8% (62/122) were male and 60.7% (74/122) were PWH [median (IQR) CD4T-cell count of 267 (76-470) cells/mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;]. The commonest offending drugs included cotrimoxazole in 24.6% (30/122); and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in 13.9% (17/122). No offending drug could be identified in 24.7% (22/89) of the retrospective cohort. The median (IQR) length of hospital stay for validated SCAR was 13 (8-21) days for the retrospective cohort and 19 (13-28) days for the prospective cohort (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03). The median (IQR) length of hospital stay for non-SCAR was 9 (5-13) days for the retrospective cohort and 11 (9-16) days for the prospective cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Typical and atypical presentations of SCAR were represented in this vulnerable South African cohort of predominantly PWH. SJS/TEN was the commonest phenotype, and cotrimoxazole the most frequent offending drug. This data emphasises the need for prospective data collection across a diverse African population for valid SCAR pheno","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1481281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of allergic rhinitis and its prevention strategies.","authors":"Ruzhi Chen, Wei An, Xueting Liu, Jie Yan, Yuyi Huang, Junyan Zhang","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1509552","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1509552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global disease with high prevalence. It reduces the patient's quality of life seriously. The health care and management of AR was also a heavy social burden. Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only curative treatment for AR that may alter the natural course of this disease. However, acceptance and compliance of SIT in AR patients are still not high and many patients are not effectively controlled. Disease prevention based on known risk factors is much more cost-effective compared to post-diagnosis treatment. There have been some reports on the risk factors of AR up to now, but the information is fragmented. This review systemically clarified the risk factors of AR including hereditary factors and family history, maternal situation & mode of delivery and feeding, personal characteristics, nutrition and food intake, personal behavior and habits, acquired environmental and chemical exposure, diseases and health status. The preventive strategies were also proposed briefly. This review was hopeful to improve people's awareness of the risk factors of AR and put forward AR prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1509552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease: molecular mechanism, management and treatment.","authors":"J J Ley-Tomas, A M Xicotencatl-Tellez, M L García-Cruz, M A Jiménez-Chobillon","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1462985","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1462985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been estimated that Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (N-ERD) previously named as Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (A-ERD) affects around 1.4 million persons in the United States. Its prevalence in asthmatic patients has widely been underestimated, as a considerable number of patients would need an aspirin provocation test to confirm the diagnosis. N-ERD physiopathology is somehow complex, but basically involves an imbalance in the arachidonic acid metabolite pathway. The syndrome is characterized by the presence of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and NSAID and aspirin intolerance. Despite maximal and comprehensive medical treatment, the disease tends to be severe, with difficult to treat asthma and highly aggressive and recurrent ethmoidal polyposis. Recently, monoclonal antibodies aimed at reducing type 2 inflammation have demonstrated very promising results on disease control. The goal of this review is to provide the most recent published advances and evidence on physiopathology, diagnostic protocols and therapeutic strategies of N-ERD.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1462985"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11631927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common pollen and related allergen components in patients with allergic diseases in the Beijing area.","authors":"Yi-Bo Hou, Jin-Lu Sun","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1478392","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1478392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pollen is the most common outdoor allergen that causes allergic rhinitis and asthma, which seriously affects patient quality of life and extensive cross-reactivity occurs between pollen allergens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study enrolled 84 patients with respiratory allergies and at least one pollen allergy who visited the clinic. Specific-IgE was detected via immunoblotting in the sera of patients with positive respiratory allergies to pollen. IgE of the components and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) were evaluated using a fluorescence-encoded microsphere assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results suggest that <i>Artemisia absinthium</i>, <i>Artemisia vulgaris, Humulus scandens</i>, <i>Amaranthus, Parietaria micrantha</i> allergies are most common in the northern region, and that weed pollen remains the major pollen allergen in the northern region. Among the different age groups, the positive rate of <i>Platanus</i> pollen allergens was significantly higher in patients ≤18 years of age than in those aged >18 years (55.56% vs. 9.17%, <i>χ</i>² = 0.55, <i>p</i> < 0.027). Patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma had an increased positive rate for <i>Betula</i> pollen allergen (20.00% vs. 37.93 <i>χ</i>² = 7.87, <i>p</i> = 0.005) and <i>Platanus</i> pollen allergen (27.27% vs. 51.72%, <i>χ</i>² = 11.05, <i>p</i> = 0.0008) than those with allergic rhinitis alone, although the allergen positivity rate did not significantly differ between sexes. In addition, the positivity of sIgE of allergen components did not reveal a correlation with clinical symptoms and anti-CCD IgE positivity was 1.19% (1/84) among all patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found the distribution characteristics of common pollen allergens in Beijing among patients of different ages and genders and with different allergic diseases, as well as the relationship between pollen allergen components and symptoms. The positivity rate of CCD for respiratory allergic diseases in Beijing was not high as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1478392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acari Hypothesis, VI: human sebum and the cutaneous microbiome in allergy and in lipid homeostasis.","authors":"Andrew C Retzinger, Gregory S Retzinger","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1478279","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1478279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Acari Hypothesis posits that acarians, i.e., mites and ticks, are causative agents of IgE-mediated conditions. This report further develops The Hypothesis, providing rationale for the childhood predilection of allergy. In short, <i>Malassezia</i>, a fungus native to human skin and utterly dependent on sebaceous lipids, prevents allergy by deterring acarians. Because sebum output is limited before puberty, children are more prone to allergy than are adults. Competition for sebaceous lipids by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> influences not only <i>Malassezia</i> number-and, consequently, allergic predisposition-but also lipid homeostasis. The latter, in turn, contributes to dyslipidemia and associated conditions, e.g., the metabolic syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1478279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phototherapy as an alternative in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria.","authors":"María Inés Giustozzi, Ana Clara Torre, Carla Ritchie, Claudio Alberto Salvador Parisi","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1468983","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1468983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as the occurrence of hives, angioedema, or both, lasting for more than 6 weeks. The treatment is based on the use of antihistamines, omalizumab, and/or cyclosporine following a stepwise algorithm recommended by international guidelines with a high level of evidence. Nevertheless, management can be challenging as some patients do not respond to the suggested drugs or have difficulties accessing them for various reasons. In such cases, phototherapy has been reported as a potential treatment option. The evidence on the effectiveness of phototherapy is limited. Most studies have methodological limitations and involve small numbers of patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis of four studies in 2020 concluded that, despite the limited number of randomized controlled trials and the low level of evidence, considering overall efficacy, risk/benefit balance, and costs, narrow band ultraviolet B therapy (NB-UVB) may be a useful adjunct therapy for CSU. Other studies have suggested that the effectiveness of combined antihistamine and phototherapy appears to be more effective than antihistamine alone, although this is based on very low-quality evidence. Additionally, the risk of recurrence was lower with the combination therapy. The objective of this review was to evaluate the role of phototherapy in the treatment of CSU. While randomized studies with a larger number of participants providing a high level of evidence are still needed, we consider phototherapy to be a valuable tool in specific clinical contexts, such as a bridge to the initiation of other medications or until spontaneous remission of the condition occurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1468983"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household fuel use, smoking and prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis in university students in Palestine: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Nuha El Sharif, Lana Hnaihen","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1492213","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2024.1492213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In Palestine, few studies investigated the prevalence of allergies and the factors associated with their occurrence. An online survey was conducted on health complex University students in Jerusalem to determine the prevalence of allergy rhinitis (AR) and its relationship with indoor environmental exposures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a modified online Google form of the Global Asthma Network's Adult Questionnaire. The data were reported as frequency and percentage. The chi-square test of independence was performed to investigate the association between AR diagnosis and other factors. Multivariable models were used to identify the independent risk factors for AR after adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data was collected from a total of 819 participants. The mean age of the participants was 20 ± 2 years and 78.1% (<i>n</i> = 640) were females. The AR diagnostic rate was 10.3%. In addition, having asthma and eczema were found to be substantially associated with AR. Additionally, a family history of AR and other allergens were major predictors of AR. The findings revealed that utilizing animal dung for heating increased the likelihood of AR fourfold (AOR = 4.870, <i>p</i>-value = 0.004), whereas e-cigarette vaping increased the possibility of AR by 2.5 times. However, using natural gas for cooking was not significantly associated with AR, and participant age was only slightly associated with AR diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study found that the AR prevalence rate is low when compared to the same population in other countries. Genetics, biomass fuel consumption, and e-smoking are all significant risk factors for AR in Palestine. An awareness campaign must be developed to educate university students and the general public about the risks of smoking, indoor air pollution, respiratory disorders, and AR. Longitudinal research is required to discover whether these associations are only transient.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"5 ","pages":"1492213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11614814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}