Frontiers in allergy最新文献

{"title":"It's not all about small airways disease: key limitations of oscillometry interpretation.","authors":"David A Kaminsky","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1872486","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1872486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An exciting aspect of oscillometry is the ability to detect small airways disease (SAD), particularly through frequency dependence of resistance, commonly measured as R5-R20. While SAD influences oscillometry measurements, it is important to realize that oscillometry is not specific for SAD. In addition, oscillometry measurements do not take into account lung volume, which can influence the measurements and make interpretation less clear. Finally, while oscillometry is very sensitive at detecting abnormalities of lung function, it is not specific for distinct lung diseases. These limitations should be considered when using oscillometry in respiratory physiology and medicine, where oscillometry provides valuable complimentary information to other lung function tests in evaluation of lung health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1872486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148586195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artemisia pollen-induced allergic rhinitis in mice: multi-omics dissection of local and systemic molecular alterations.","authors":"Jiaoni Chi, Lin Chen, Yuxuan Jin, Jin-Lyu Sun, Yajie Xu","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1835987","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1835987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mugwort (<i>Artemisia vulgaris</i>) is a predominant aeroallergen for allergic rhinitis (AR) in northern China. However, the molecular changes linking local nasal mucosal inflammation with systemic alterations remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to explore the cross-level regulatory network in a mouse model of mugwort-induced AR by combining nasal mucosal transcriptomics and serum metabolomics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BALB/c mice were sensitized with mugwort extract and then challenged intranasally to establish an AR model. Nasal mucosal tissues were collected for RNA sequencing, and serum samples from the same cohort were subjected to non-targeted metabolomic analysis. Transcription factor (TF)-associated analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and integrative multi-omics analysis were used to identify candidate regulatory factors and pathways involved in mugwort-induced allergic inflammation. Targeted validation of arginine-related changes was performed by measuring serum Arg1 and L-arginine levels, followed by <i>ARG2</i> knockdown analysis in BEAS-2B epithelial cells after mugwort extract stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transcriptomic analysis revealed a clear Th2-type immune response in the model group, with significant upregulation of <i>Il13</i>, <i>Arg1</i>, <i>Ccl24</i> and <i>Il6</i>. In addition, many downregulated genes were enriched in pathways related to ciliary function and epithelial differentiation, accompanied by suppression of structural genes such as <i>Krt25</i> and <i>Krt71</i>. Gene set enrichment and TF-associated analyses further highlighted cytokine-mediated signaling and potential upstream regulators, including <i>Fos</i>, <i>Batf</i>, and <i>Mafb</i>. Serum metabolomics showed increased 1-methylhistamine and enrichment of arachidonic acid metabolism in mugwort-treated mice. Integrated analysis of the two omics datasets further pointed to arginine-related metabolism as a shared altered pathway. Consistently, targeted assays showed increased serum Arg1 levels and decreased serum L-arginine concentrations in the mugwort group. In BEAS-2B cells, <i>ARG2</i> knockdown attenuated the induction of <i>IL6</i> and <i>CCL26</i> after mugwort extract stimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, our findings indicate that mugwort-induced AR is accompanied by coordinated local and systemic changes, including immune activation, epithelial/ciliary dysfunction, and serum metabolic remodeling. The arginine-related alterations supported by both omics analysis and targeted validation provide a potential link between nasal mucosal inflammation and systemic metabolic changes in mugwort allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1835987"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13388909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148564050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Qizhi Yishen Capsule-induced bone marrow granulomas and severe myelosuppression.","authors":"Ping Xie, Yuting Zhang, Jinli Jiang, Caiping Chen, Yingying Wang, Liangming Liu","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1889878","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1889878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-induced bone marrow injury is an under-recognised adverse drug reaction (ADR) that can present with fever, cytopenias, and eosinophilia. Drug-induced bone marrow granuloma formation remains exceedingly rare among ADRs, and to our knowledge, no such cases associated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations have been previously reported.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 79-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed fever and marked eosinophilia after six weeks of treatment with Qizhi Yishen Capsule, a sinomenine-containing TCM formulation. She rapidly progressed to agranulocytosis and pancytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed non-caseating granulomas with severe myelosuppression and grade 3 fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry showed CD3⁺ T-cell predominance within granulomas with CD20⁺ B cells absent. The Naranjo score was 7 (probable ADR). Treatment with glucocorticoids and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) resulted in complete hematologic recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case documents bone marrow granulomas and severe myelosuppression following Qizhi Yishen Capsule administration, a sinomenine-containing TCM formulation. A Naranjo score of 7 (probable) and immunohistochemical evidence of CD3⁺ T-cell infiltration within the granulomata support a drug-related, cell-mediated pathogenesis. Clinicians should consider drug-induced bone marrow toxicity in patients receiving this formulation, particularly those with CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1889878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13388561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148564116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological burden in anaphylaxis: a study on alexithymia and quality of life.","authors":"Vincenzo Patella, Luciana Pierro, Tiziana Peduto, Ottavia Inglese, Giovanni Florio, Ada Giuliano, Roberta Zunno","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1791020","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1791020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examines the impact of psychological burden on quality of life (QoL) in patients with anaphylaxis, assessing the relationship between alexithymia, QoL, and the presence of anxiety or depression.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 29 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of anaphylaxis and a prescription for self-injectable epinephrine were recruited. Their QoL, psychological stress levels, and potential presence of anxiety, depression, and alexithymia were assessed using validated questionnaires: The Anaphylaxis Quality of Life Scale for Adults (A-QoL-Adults), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale - Brief Version (WHOQoL-BREF), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Scores were compared, and statistical analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 29 patients who completed the questionnaires, 11 (37.9%) were classified as alexithymic or borderline alexithymic. A moderate positive correlation was observed between TAS-20 scores and perceived anaphylaxis severity (r = 0.435, <i>p</i> = 0.021), with alexithymic/borderline alexithymic patients reporting significantly higher severity compared to non-alexithymic patients (high severity: 35.3% non-alexithymic vs. 81.8% alexithymic/borderline alexithymic, <i>p</i> = 0.016). TAS-20 scores showed a strong positive correlation with HADS-D scores (r = 0.518, <i>p</i> = 0.006) and a strong negative correlation with Environmental-WHOQoL-BREF scores (r = -0.501, <i>p</i> = 0.008). Additionally, moderate positive correlations were found between TAS-20 scores and HADS-A (r = 0.408, <i>p</i> = 0.035), A-QoL-Adults (r = 0.487, <i>p</i> = 0.009), and its subscales SQoL (r = 0.477, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and LoL (r = 0.479, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Finally, TAS-20 scores exhibited a moderate negative correlation with Psychological-WHOQoL-BREF scores (r = -0.501, <i>p</i> = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the significant correlation between alexithymia and QoL in patients with anaphylaxis. Integrating psychological assessments into anaphylaxis management may enable healthcare providers to develop more comprehensive strategies beyond physical symptom control. A holistic approach-including education, emotional support, and psychological interventions-could enhance long-term outcomes for patients prescribed epinephrine auto-injectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1791020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13381437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Dust mite allergy: immunological mechanisms, environmental impact, genetic susceptibility, diagnosis, therapeutic strategies & preventive measures.","authors":"Arghya Laha, Leticia Martín-Cruz, Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1909730","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1909730","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1909730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13376074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148581387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging innovation and risk: the missing role of validated risk-stratification in IgE-mediated food allergy management.","authors":"Heather M Opseth, Michelle Gruver","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1848808","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1848808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last decade, the prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergies has increased, alongside therapeutic innovations such as oral immunotherapy (OIT), omalizumab, combination approaches, intranasal epinephrine, and emerging biomarker-guided strategies. This mini review synthesizes evidence published between 2019 and 2025 and evaluates how these advances intersect with persistent safety and clinical decision-making challenges. Although these therapies demonstrate promising efficacy, validated risk-stratification tools capable of guiding individual treatment selection are lacking. The proposed conceptual framework illustrates how patient characteristics, biomarkers, and treatment-specific risks may ultimately support individualized therapeutic decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1848808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13373091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and pilot validation of a chemiluminescence immunoassay for monitoring immunologic changes during peanut oral immunotherapy using sIgE/sIgG4 ratio.","authors":"Xiao Yang, Austin Vanderkallen, J Joanna Yu, Jinguo Chen, Lili Wan, H Henry Li, Zhongxin Li, Yuhuang Zhu, Iris Xi","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1850931","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1850931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sIgE/sIgG4 ratio has been proposed as a dynamic measure of immune modulation during peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT). This study evaluated a chemiluminescent immunoassay for simultaneous quantification of peanut-specific sIgE and sIgG4 on the automated Autolumo A2000 Plus platform.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analytical performance was assessed for peanut, Ara h 2, and Ara h 6 sIgE and sIgG4. Method comparison with ImmunoCAP was performed across the measurable concentration range. In a separate retrospective pilot cohort of 23 peanut-allergic patients undergoing OIT, longitudinal sIgE, sIgG4 and sIgE/sIgG4 ratio trajectories were compared between A2000 and ImmunoCAP. Associations between ratio trajectories and OIT dose escalation were evaluated as an exploratory treatment-progression measure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The A2000 Plus demonstrated high analytical sensitivity (sIgE LOQ < 0.05 kU/L; sIgG4 LOQ < 0.06 mg/L), precision (intra- and inter-assay CVs < 3% and <5%, respectively), and linearity (R² > 0.990). Method comparison with ImmunoCAP showed high positive percent agreement (82%-97%) and negative percent agreement (92%-100%), with strong concordance for log(sIgE) (<i>ρ</i> = 0.9041), and log(sIgG4) (<i>ρ</i> = 0.8464). Longitudinal analysis showed increased sIgG4 levels and decreased sIgE/sIgG4 ratio over time (<i>p</i> < 0.001), paralleling OIT dose escalation. Log(sIgE/sIgG4) ratio trajectories were strongly concordant between platforms across peanut, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 (<i>ρ</i> = 0.900-0.917).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Autolumo A2000 Plus demonstrated strong analytical performance and captured expected immunologic trends during peanut OIT. These findings support further investigation of this platform as a potential complementary monitoring tool in OIT. Larger prospective studies are required to establish clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1850931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13368872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe recurrent anaphylaxis: investigating underlying mechanisms beyond IgE-mediated allergy - a case report.","authors":"Agnieszka Gawlewicz-Mroczka, Ewelina Gacek, Natalia Zamorska, Krzysztof Sładek","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1866446","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1866446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaphylaxis is a sudden, life-threatening, and generalized allergic reaction that develops within minutes to hours following exposure to an allergen. Cutaneous, respiratory, and cardiovascular symptoms may occur in various combinations, and the severity of the reaction can vary, potentially leading to anaphylactic reactions, which, if untreated with epinephrine, may be fatal. Although anaphylaxis is most commonly caused by allergic mechanisms, cofactors and comorbidities can contribute to increased severity. We present the case of a 34-year-old man who repeatedly experienced severe anaphylactic reactions after consuming products containing defensins. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation confirmed an IgE-dependent allergic reaction to inhalant defensins. Additionally, histamine intolerance was suspected, and suspicion of systemic mastocytosis (SM) was raised. This study aims to describe the diagnostic process and highlight the challenges in differentiating clinical symptoms arising from overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms in these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1866446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13369475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in clinical examination techniques for allergic rhinitis: a review from traditional testing to precision diagnosis.","authors":"Xinyan Liu, Yongtai Wang, Hexiao Tian, Dongdong Zhu, Cuida Meng","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1851667","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1851667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated, non-infectious inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa, and accurate diagnosis is important for individualized treatment. Over the past decade, diagnostic strategies for AR have evolved substantially from conventional methods, such as skin prick testing and serum-specific IgE testing, toward advanced approaches, including molecular allergen diagnostics, biomarker profiling, functional imaging, and artificial intelligence-assisted assessment. This review provides a systematic overview of these developments by summarizing the underlying principles, clinical utility, strengths, and limitations of each method. It also discusses the integration of multi-omics and digital health technologies, which have the potential to support truly precise and individualized diagnostics. By critically reviewing current strategies and future research directions, this article aims to help clinicians optimize patient management and promote further development in the field of AR diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1851667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148450884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routine lipid profiles in allergic disease: a mini review.","authors":"Yu Kyoung Hwang","doi":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1876509","DOIUrl":"10.3389/falgy.2026.1876509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic diseases are traditionally interpreted through epithelial barrier dysfunction, type 2 immune activation, and downstream inflammatory mediators, whereas routine serum lipid measures have usually been considered markers of cardiometabolic risk. However, emerging clinical and mechanistic evidence suggests that high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) may provide additional information about systemic inflammatory and metabolic contexts in allergic diseases. This review synthesizes current evidence on routine lipid profiles across asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, with emphasis on their clinical associations, disease-specific differences, and potential immune mechanisms. Asthma currently provides the strongest case for clinical relevance, with lipid abnormalities linked to disease burden, metabolic complexity, and heterogeneous clinical outcomes. In atopic dermatitis, circulating lipid measures appear less central than epidermal barrier lipid abnormalities, although they may still reflect selected metabolic or cardiovascular risk contexts. In allergic rhinitis, clinical associations remain inconsistent, but mechanistic studies suggest that lipoprotein function, particularly HDL-related regulation of eosinophils, antigen-presenting cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells, may be biologically relevant. Overall, this review presents routine lipid profiles as accessible contextual markers that may help connect systemic metabolism with allergic immune regulation, refine clinical stratification, and generate hypotheses about lipid-immune crosstalk. Future studies integrating routine lipid panels with functional lipoprotein assays, tissue-level immunology, and longitudinal outcome data are needed to determine whether these measures can become useful tools in allergic disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":73062,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in allergy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1876509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13357908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}