Frontiers in aging最新文献

{"title":"Effects of mind-body exercise on balance function in pre-frail and frail older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Wangyouyi Chen, Yiwen Bai, Liuling Song","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1915136","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1915136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty and pre-frailty are common geriatric conditions associated with reduced physiological reserve and a higher risk of falls. Mind-body exercises such as Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Yoga are widely recommended as low-intensity interventions, while their specific effects on different aspects of balance remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of mind-body exercise on overall, dynamic, and static balance in pre-frail and frail older adults and to examine whether frailty stage and exercise characteristics influence outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Databases up to March 2026. Randomized controlled trials comparing mind-body exercise with usual care, health education, or no intervention in pre-frail or frail older adults were included. Pooled effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models. Prespecified subgroup analyses were performed according to frailty stage, exercise frequency, session duration, and intervention length.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten RCTs with 12 comparisons were included. Mind-body exercise showed significant improvements in overall balance (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI 0.17-0.91), dynamic balance (SMD = -1.08, 95% CI -1.41 to -0.76), and static balance (SMD = 1.36, 95% CI 0.43-2.30). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested that interventions delivered 2-4 times weekly, lasting 31-60 min per session, and continuing for at least 13 weeks were associated with relatively more consistent effects; however, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because they were derived from indirect subgroup comparisons rather than formal dose-response analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mind-body exercise appears to be an effective and practical strategy for improving balance in pre-frail and frail older adults, particularly when implemented early in the frailty trajectory.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1915136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149027248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular markers, mechanisms and metrics of biological aging: a scoping review.","authors":"Alison Ziesel, Jennifer Reeves, Anastasia Mallidou, Lorelei Newton, Ryan E Rhodes, Jie Zhang, Theone Paterson, Hosna Jabbari","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1682867","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1682867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological aging is a rapidly growing area of research, which entails characterizing the rate of aging independent of an individual's chronological age. In this scoping review, we analyze the results of biological aging research in 435 papers published in a 12 year window spanning 2011 through June 2023, 309 of which focus on non-methylation-based biomarkers, revealing changing patterns of molecular markers of biological aging use over time as well as the development of novel metrics of biological aging. We further identify consistent and discordant research findings, as well as areas of potential future research focusing on questions of measurement with biomarker-based assessment and other variables relevant to the study of biological age.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1682867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149027211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between preoperative cognitive impairment and perioperative neurocognitive disorders within 30 days after surgery in elderly patients: a secondary exploratory retrospective analysis.","authors":"Keke Song, Ping He, Xiaoqi Zhao, Rongsheng Zhou, Yaomin Zhu, Xiaofei Liu, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1835897","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1835897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preoperative cognitive impairment (PCI) is a recognized risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction, but its association with the broader syndrome of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) within 30 days after surgery requires further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative cognitive performance, assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the risk of PND in elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary exploratory retrospective analysis based on a completed prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) cohort included 236 patients aged ≥65 years undergoing non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia. Preoperative cognitive performance was evaluated using the MoCA, with a score <26 defining PCI. PND was defined as either postoperative delirium (assessed daily with CAM-ICU) or delayed neurocognitive recovery (assessed by MoCA at 7 and 30 days postoperatively). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between PCI (as a binary and continuous variable) and PND, adjusting for confounders including age, education, frailty, and surgical factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall incidence of PND was 40.7%. Patients with PCI (n = 81) had a significantly higher incidence of PND compared to those without PCI (74.1% vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001). In unadjusted analysis, PCI was associated with a 9.44-fold increased odds of PND (OR = 9.44, 95% CI: 5.07-17.58). After multivariable adjustment, PCI remained independently associated with PND (adjusted OR = 6.95, 95% CI: 2.71∼17.79). When analyzed as a continuous variable, each 1-point increase in the MoCA score was associated with a 32% reduction in the odds of PND (adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58∼0.80). Subgroup analyses showed no statistically significant interaction was observed with age, education, or frailty.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative cognitive impairment, assessed by the MoCA, is an independent risk factor for PND within 30 days after surgery in elderly patients. Preoperative MoCA screening may help identify high-risk patients for targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1835897"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in the association between marriage and epigenetic age.","authors":"Theo O Moran, Alina M Kushner, Theodore F Robles, Jennifer W Robinette","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1931190","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1931190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Being married is related to better health, but many studies reveal greater health benefits among men relative to women. Some research has indicated that married individuals exhibit decelerated epigenetic age relative to individuals who are not married, but questions remain regarding gender differences therein. The purpose was to investigate gender differences in associations of marital status to epigenetic age (ing) assessed on three clocks/algorithms (PhenoAge, GrimAge, and DunedinPACE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 762 participants in the national Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS II; men <i>N</i> = 382, women <i>N</i> = 380) were used. Weighted linear regressions were conducted to test the hypotheses that 1) being married would be associated with decelerated epigenetic age (ing) and that 2) this association would be stronger among men than women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Being married, relative to being separated or divorced, was associated with decelerated epigenetic aging on DunedinPACE, although not PhenoAge or GrimAge. Investigating gender differences revealed a divergence regarding never marrying, a marital status that accelerated GrimAge and DunedinPACE scores among men, but not women.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results contribute new knowledge about marital status and early risk for disease, as indicated by accelerated pace of aging among men and women whose relationships dissolved. More research is needed to identify factors explaining why men who never marry may be at risk for accelerated epigenetic aging while women are not.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1931190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and behavioral benefits of newspaper reading in community-dwelling older adults: a feasibility randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Mamoru Sato, Sawako Negoto, Shinya Nakano, Chihoko Urata, Tetsuya Ioji, Hideya Kodama, Emi Yoshimura, Yukinori Tasaki, Shinichiro Goroku, Kiichiro Morita, Yoshihisa Shoji","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1929793","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1929793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are reports suggesting that reading newspapers is an accessible daily intellectual activity that may help prevent neurocognitive disorders, while no prospective studies have accurately investigated its effectiveness on cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a randomized controlled trial designed to explore the effects of reading newspapers on cognitive function and activity levels in community-dwelling older adults. The study included 163 non-subscribers aged 60 years or older; after screening, 64 participants were selected. Participants were randomly assigned to either the newspaper reading group (n = 31) or the non-reading group (n = 32), and a 26-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. One person was disqualified because they could not be contacted. The newspaper reading group was instructed to read the newspaper at least four days a week, and compliance was verified by checking entries on activity log sheets. In addition, both groups were assessed before and after the trial. The primary outcome was cognitive function assessed using the Japanese Version of the MONTREAL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT (MoCA-J). Secondary outcomes included the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE-J), the Japanese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15-J), the Life-Space Assessment (LSA), and the Vitality Index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When comparing the changes in these test items after 26 weeks, the newspaper reading group showed significantly better results than the non-reading group for the MoCA-J (difference: 1.47 [95% CI: 0.31-2.63], p = 0.013), GDS-15-J (difference: -1.85 [95% CI: -3.01 to -0.68], p = 0.002), and LSA (difference: 14.74 [95% CI: 7.13-22.35], p < 0.001). A significant trend was also observed in the newspaper reading group for the MMSE-J (difference: 2.46 [95% CI: 1.34-3.58], p = 0.065).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that reading newspapers is a low-cost, self-directed intervention that can be easily incorporated into preventive care for community-dwelling older adults and may have beneficial effects on cognitive function and activity levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1929793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13585924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149003121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between digital literacy and cognitive function in older adults: the multiple mediating roles of self-efficacy, social participation, and psychological resilience.","authors":"Rui Ren, Reyisaimu Wumaierjiang, Rui Li, Rui Hou, Kangjia Yang","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1902964","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1902964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital literacy refers to the ability to safely and effectively use digital technologies to access, manage, and apply information for daily living and social participation, and has been recognized as a key strategy for promoting healthy aging. However, limited research has simultaneously examined multiple psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between digital literacy and cognitive function in older adults. This study aimed to examine the parallel mediating roles of self-efficacy, social participation, and psychological resilience in the relationship between digital literacy and cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was employed. We recruited older adults aged ≥60 years from a city in China to complete a questionnaire survey. The survey instruments included a general information questionnaire, the Digital Literacy Scale for Older Adults, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Social Participation Scale for Older Adults, the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). A multiple mediation model was constructed using structural equation modeling (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 630 participants, the largest proportion of participants were aged 70-79 years (45.9%), and 52.1% were male. The mean MMSE score was 25.71 (SD = 3.38), indicating that the sample, on average, fell within the normal cognitive range (scores below 24 are typically considered indicative of mild cognitive impairment). Digital literacy was significantly correlated with cognitive function (<i>r</i> = 0.246, <i>P</i> < 0.01). The total effect of digital literacy on cognitive function was 0.347 (95% CI 0.258-0.417, <i>P</i> = 0.002). Mediation analysis revealed that digital literacy indirectly influenced cognitive function through three pathways: self-efficacy, social participation, and psychological resilience. The total indirect effect accounted for 39.5% of the total effect, and the direct effect accounted for 60.8%. Among the three mediating pathways, self-efficacy showed the strongest indirect effect (16.4%), followed by social participation (13.0%) and psychological resilience (10.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Digital literacy not only shows a direct association with cognitive function in older adults but also shows indirect associations through self-efficacy, social participation, and psychological resilience. Therefore, multifaceted, synergistic interventions may be considered that integrate digital skills training with social engagement and psychological support are associated with cognitive health and the quality of life for older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1902964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13585908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Acute changes in ankle dorsiflexor strength and fNIRS-derived cortical activation following a single session of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in healthy older adults.","authors":"Yingqi Li, Luyi Wang, Congxiao Wang, Hujun Wang, Shaoting Zhang, Anda Xiu, Shengxuan Duan, Yingpeng Wang, Shuyan Qie","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1975276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2026.1975276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2026.1726632.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1975276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13583421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myosteatosis: an emerging biomarker of aging.","authors":"Lauren S Roe, Joseph M Zmuda, Iva Miljkovic","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1868010","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1868010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adipose tissue infiltration into skeletal muscle (i.e., myosteatosis) has emerged as an independent contributor to metabolic disorders and declines in skeletal muscle function with age. It remains unclear whether myosteatosis is a marker of aging or simply a consequence of disease or disuse. This review summarizes evidence from population-based epidemiologic studies that utilized non-invasive imaging to measure myosteatosis and to evaluate age-related changes among community-dwelling middle aged and older adults. Myosteatosis consistently increased with age, independent of weight change, and the burden of myosteatosis was greater among women, and non-White racial and Hispanic ethnic groups after accounting for physical activity levels, chronic disease burden, and overall body size. Myosteatosis accumulation is not uniform throughout the body and is differentially associated with clinically meaningful age-related outcomes, including changes to gait, balance, muscle strength, and physical function. Hormonal, cellular, genetic, and lifestyle differences comprise the biological pathways that may lead to age-related increases in myosteatosis. Future work in diverse populations using standardized imaging methodologies could include longitudinal measures of biological markers to better understand the biological precursors that accompany the phenotypic change. In conclusion, evidence from several well-characterized epidemiologic studies is consistent with myosteatosis an independent marker of aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1868010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13583432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral adaptive immune remodeling associated with severe hearing loss in older adults: a single-center flow-cytometry study with mouse cochlear transcriptomic context.","authors":"Qunhui Zhang, Wei Liu, Meijun Shao, Jinyu Wang, Qianyi Zhong, Linlan Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1925166","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1925166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between severe hearing loss and systemic immune aging in older adults using participant-level clinical immunophenotyping, and to explore potential inflammatory pathways and cellular contexts using public mouse cochlear transcriptomic data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed a single-center cohort of 76 older adults, classified into normal hearing (NH), mild-to-moderate hearing loss (MMHL), or severe-to-profound hearing loss (SPHL) groups. Age- and sex-adjusted models were used to assess immune profiles. Prespecified sensitivity and diagnostic analyses evaluated age specification, overlap weighting, influential observations, and the stability of the inversion model. Additionally, public mouse cochlear bulk transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data were examined to identify relevant inflammatory pathways and cell-type-specific immune-stress modules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SPHL was significantly associated with a higher T-cell/CD8 skew, increased CD4 differentiation, an elevated EM/naive CD4 balance, a lower CD8 activation/checkpoint score, and increased odds of CD4/CD8 inversion. These associations remained consistent across sensitivity analyses. Mouse bulk transcriptomics highlighted inflammatory response and IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways, while snRNA-seq localized immune-stress modules primarily to broad macrophage and perivascular macrophage-like cell populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Severe hearing loss in older adults is associated with distinct peripheral immune remodeling features indicative of systemic immune aging. These findings support an association-focused framework linking hearing loss severity with immune dysregulation, though validation in larger, clinically annotated cohorts is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1925166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13582394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grip strength as a systems biomarker of aging: neuromuscular junction constraints and biomarker decoupling in gene therapy.","authors":"Patrick E Sewell, Christopher Jensen","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1908078","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1908078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grip strength has emerged as one of the most robust predictors of mortality, disability and healthspan across populations. Yet its predictive validity rests on an often-unstated assumption: that grip strength serves as a passive readout of systemic biological integrity rather than an isolated measure of forearm function. Here we propose that grip strength derives its prognostic power from its position as a convergent output of multiple aging-sensitive physiological systems-including neuromuscular, vascular, metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory networks. We highlight the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as a particularly critical and often-overlooked rate-limiting factor, noting that age-related strength loss (∼2.5-4% annually) outpaces mass loss (∼0.6-1% annually) by two-to fivefold-a disparity attributable in large part to NMJ deterioration. We introduce the concept of biomarker decoupling and apply it to the emerging landscape of longevity gene therapies being explored in early translational and compassionate-use settings-including follistatin, klotho, FOXO3, hTERT, SIRT1, PGC-1α, VEGF and FGF21. Critically, we argue that follistatin's anabolic efficacy is contingent on intact NMJ integrity, with denervated muscle fibers exhibiting a blunted net anabolic response despite elevated follistatin expression-creating a therapeutic paradox wherein mass gains can occur without proportional functional improvement. We provide a conceptual analysis of how each therapy may influence grip strength, predict decoupling risk based on the breadth of systems affected, outline plausible timing windows for intervention, and propose a heuristic framework for clinical interpretation. The decoupling categories and any numeric ranges presented here are conceptual and hypothesis-generating rather than empirically validated.</p>","PeriodicalId":73061,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aging","volume":"7 ","pages":"1908078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}