Foot & ankle specialistPub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2022-01-07DOI: 10.1177/19386400211068239
Ezra Goodrich, Bryan Vopat, Ashley Herda
{"title":"Treatment of Chronic Ankle Instability in the Military Population: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ezra Goodrich, Bryan Vopat, Ashley Herda","doi":"10.1177/19386400211068239","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19386400211068239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high incidence of ankle sprain within the military sets the stage for prevalent chronic ankle instability. The purpose of this review was to compare and evaluate chronic ankle instability treatment strategies in the military population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases were systematically searched in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines for English-language, human studies with a military patient population that had been diagnosed with and treated for chronic ankle instability. Exclusion criteria were animal, cadaver, and review studies and case reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 695 military service members-625 males (89.9%) and 70 females (10.1%)-and 4 treatment strategies: Broström-related procedures, modified Watson-Jones procedure, Colville's technique, and anatomic lateral ligament reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon allograft. The percentage of satisfactory outcomes was 100% for Colville's technique, and ranged from 73.2% to 94.7% for Broström-related procedures and 72% to 80% for the modified Watson-Jones procedure. Mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores, anterior drawer displacement, talar tilt, and visual analogue scale scores were also reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review demonstrates that the Bröstrom procedure has consistently satisfactory outcomes within the military population, and Colville's technique is another promising option for this patient population but would require additional studies to support this claim.</p><p><strong>Levels of evidence: </strong>Level IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"208-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39652101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Study for Surgical Treatment of Acute Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmotic Lesions Using the Modified Suture-Button Fixation Versus Static Syndesmotic Screw Fixation.","authors":"Mohamed Jlidi, Walid Bouaicha, Siwar Sbaihi, Hedi Gharbi, Mouldi Lamouchi, Karim Mallek, Salma Jaziri, Selim Daas","doi":"10.1177/19386400241256440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400241256440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Several techniques to treat acute distal tibiofibular instability are described consisting in static and dynamic fixation procedures. The aim of our work is to compare the outcomes of acute syndesmotic injury fixation between the modified technique of dynamic fixation using the suture-button principle as an efficient and low-cost method and the classic static fixation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It is a prospective study including patients presenting with acute syndesmotic injury. After fracture fixation, residual syndesmotic instability was managed using syndesmotic screw in group A and dynamic fixation with a double Ethibond suture in group B. Functional results were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (AOFAS) score. Radiological evaluation was done by a postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan of both ankles and plain X-rays of the ankle after surgery and at 18 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group A included 20 patients meanwhile 35 patients were in group B. The reduction was satisfactory in the 2 groups according to the postoperative CT scan measurements. The mean healing time in group A was 49.65 days and 51.49 days in group B (P = .45). We did not find any significant difference in terms of loss of reduction in the 2 groups. The return to work was faster in group B (P = .04). Patients in group B had better AOFAS score (P = .03) and ankle range of motion than those in group A. The difference was statistically significant (P = .02 for dorsal flexion and P = .001 for plantar flexion). For group A, we did not note any early complications. Meanwhile, 7 patients developed skin complications in group B (P = .03). However, no significant difference was found in terms of late complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The modified dynamic suture-button fixation remains a therapeutic alternative in low-income countries that could achieve better outcomes than static fixation, with easy postoperative follow-up.</p><p><strong>Levels of evidence: </strong><i>Level II</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400241256440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inconsistency in the Reporting Terminology of Adverse Events and Complications in Hallux Valgus Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Abdulmohsen AlMeshari, Yasir AlShehri, Lindsay Anderson, Madeleine Willegger, Alastair Younger, Andrea Veljkovic","doi":"10.1177/19386400241256215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400241256215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical complications are inevitable in any surgical subspecialty. Throughout the years, many classification systems have been developed to better understand and report such complications. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the variability and frequency of reporting terms used to describe adverse events and complications in hallux valgus reconstruction. We hypothesized that the terms used would be highly inconsistent, which further promotes a need for a standardized terminology reporting system. Studies related to hallux valgus reconstruction outcomes that met our predetermined inclusion criteria were investigated to identify and report the related adverse terms and complications. Adverse terms and complications were grouped into 9 categories. Of the 142 studies included, 376 distinct terms that described adverse events or complications related to hallux valgus reconstruction were identified. Of these, 73.4% (276/376) were mentioned only once in their respective studies. Five of 376 terms were mentioned in at least 25% of the papers, and only 2 of 376 were mentioned in at least 50%. The most frequently reported adverse events were \"Recurrence,\" mentioned in 77 of 142 studies (54%), followed by \"Nonunion,\" mentioned in 76 of 142 studies (53%). The most reported category was \"Bone/Joint\" with 135 related terms, mentioned in 135 of 376 of the papers (95.1%). The terminology used in reporting adverse events and complications in surgical hallux valgus correction was highly inconsistent and variable. This represents yet another barrier in accurate reporting of these terms, and subsequently a difficult analysis of the outcomes related to hallux valgus reconstruction. To overcome these challenges, we suggest developing a standardized terminology reporting system.<b>Levels of Evidence:</b> <i>Level III; systematic review of Level III studies and above</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400241256215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141089408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Painful Peroneal Tendon Subluxation in a Patient With a Prior Ankle Fusion.","authors":"Richard A Zell, Ananya Mehta","doi":"10.1177/19386400241251908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400241251908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes a patient who underwent an ankle fusion using a lateral approach and fibular-onlay strut 14 years ago. She presented with increasing lateral ankle pain and giving way. Despite bracing and steroid injections, she had continued symptoms and surgery for hardware removal was recommended. While under anesthesia, she was found to have subluxation of her peroneal tendons. Operative findings included impingement of the peroneal brevis on the screw head from her fibular-onlay strut and a peroneal tendon tear. Hardware removal, a peroneal tenodesis, and reconstruction of the peroneal retinaculum were performed with a good clinical result.<b>Level of Evidence:</b> V (case report).</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400241251908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carl Brandon Lindberg, Rishika Lagisetti, Amol Saxena
{"title":"Limb Salvage by Means of Hindfoot Arthrodesis Utilizing Bulk Allograft and External Fixation.","authors":"Carl Brandon Lindberg, Rishika Lagisetti, Amol Saxena","doi":"10.1177/19386400241251519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400241251519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Format: </strong>Retrospective Review.</p><p><strong>Length of follow-up: </strong>18 months.</p><p><strong>Classification: </strong>Rearfoot and Ankle Reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Level 4 Retrospective Review.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>A retrospective review was performed of 6 patients who had undergone limb salvage procedures between January 2016 and April 2019. Patients underwent surgery due to severe limb-threatening diagnosis including Charcot and/or osteomyelitis. Salvage arthrodesis was performed with bulk femoral head allograft incorporation using a hexapod external fixation system. The external fixation was retained for an average of 16 weeks. All patients were followed for a postoperative period of 16 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Successful rearfoot arthrodesis and limb salvage was achieved in ⅚ (83%) of patients.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review demonstrates that limb salvage and arthrodesis are possible using femoral head allograft incorporation by external fixation alone. The involved patients had resolution of the osteomyelitis and Charcot deformity, salvage arthrodesis of the rearfoot and avoidance of a major limb amputation.</p><p><strong>Levels of evidence: </strong>IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400241251519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parimal Rana, Jane Brennan, Andrea Johnson, Caroline Donegan, Jake Gelfand, Adrienne Spirt, David Keblish, Justin Turcotte, Elizabeth Friedmann
{"title":"Addressing Barriers to Timely Orthopaedic Follow-up for Foot and Ankle Fractures After Emergency Department Visits.","authors":"Parimal Rana, Jane Brennan, Andrea Johnson, Caroline Donegan, Jake Gelfand, Adrienne Spirt, David Keblish, Justin Turcotte, Elizabeth Friedmann","doi":"10.1177/19386400241249807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400241249807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Foot and ankle fractures present common challenges in emergency departments, warranting careful follow-up protocols for optimal patient outcomes. This study investigates the predictors of orthopaedic follow-up for these injuries after an emergency department (ED) visit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study of 1450 patients seen in the ED with foot or ankle fractures from July 2015 to February 2023 was conducted. All included patients were discharged with instructions to follow-up with an orthopaedic provider. Demographic data, fracture details, and follow-up patterns were extracted from medical records. Social vulnerability was assessed using the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Social Vulnerability Index. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of follow-up. A subgroup analysis comparing patients who followed up >7 days from ED presentation (ie, delayed follow-up) to those who followed up within 7 days of presentation was then performed. Statistical significance was assessed at P < .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 974/1450 (67.2%) patients followed up with orthopaedics at an average time of 4.16 days. After risk adjustment, Medicaid coverage (odds ratio [OR] = 0.56, P = .018), increased overall social vulnerability (OR = 0.83, P = .032), and increased vulnerability across the dimensions of socioeconomic status (P = .002), household characteristics (P = .034), racial and ethnic minority status (P = .007), and household type and transportation (P = .032) were all associated with lower odds of follow-up. Phalangeal fractures were also associated with decreased odds of follow-up (OR = 0.039, P < .001), whereas ankle fractures were more likely to follow-up (OR = 1.52, P = .002). In the subgroup analysis, patients of older age (P = .008), non-white race (P = .024), motor vehicle accident (MVA) (P = .027) or non-private insurance (P = .027), those experiencing phalangeal fractures (P = .015), and those seen by an orthopaedic provider in the ED (P = .006) were more likely to present with delayed follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with increased social vulnerability and Medicaid insurance are less likely to seek follow-up care after presentation to the ED with foot and ankle fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400241249807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel T DeGenova, Zachary P Hill, Adam D Hoffman, Avery R Taylor, Boston Dues, Mallory Faherty, Benjamin C Taylor
{"title":"Does the Subtalar or Tibiotalar Joint Need Fused in Primary Retrograde Tibiotalocalcaneal Nailing for Fragility Ankle Fractures?","authors":"Daniel T DeGenova, Zachary P Hill, Adam D Hoffman, Avery R Taylor, Boston Dues, Mallory Faherty, Benjamin C Taylor","doi":"10.1177/19386400241249583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400241249583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As an alternative to traditional open reduction internal fixation of ankle fragility fractures, primary retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) nailing has been investigated as a treatment option. These results suggest that this treatment is an acceptable alternative treatment option for these injuries. There are still questions about the need for formal joint preparation at the subtalar or tibiotalar joint when performing primary TTC nailing for fragility fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we retrospectively evaluated 32 patients treated with primary retrograde TTC nail without subtalar or tibiotalar joint preparation for a mean of 2.4 years postoperatively. We specifically reviewed the charts for nail breakages at either joint, patients developing subtalar or tibiotalar joint pathology requiring additional treatment, including return to the operating room for formal joint preparation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fracture union occurred in 100% of patients. There were 3 cases (10.0%) of hardware failure, and 2 of these cases were asymptomatic and did not require any treatment. One patient (3.3%) developed hardware failure with nail breakage at the subtalar joint. This patient developed progressive pain and symptoms requiring revision surgery with formal arthrodesis of the subtalar and tibiotalar joint.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows that retrograde hindfoot nailing without formal subtalar or tibiotalar joint preparation is an acceptable potential treatment option in ankle fragility fractures. Mid-term follow-up demonstrates favorable outcomes without the need for formal joint preparation in this high-risk population. Comparative studies with higher patient numbers and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm the results of this study.<b>Levels of Evidence:</b> Level IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400241249583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca Martin, Michael Dean, Rajesh Kakwani, An Murty, Ian Sharpe, David Townshend
{"title":"Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty Using a Novel Modular Fixed-Bearing Revision Ankle System.","authors":"Rebecca Martin, Michael Dean, Rajesh Kakwani, An Murty, Ian Sharpe, David Townshend","doi":"10.1177/19386400241251903","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19386400241251903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Large bone defects such as those encountered after failed total ankle replacement have previously been a relative contraindication to revision ankle replacement due to inadequate bone stock. We describe our experience and patient reported outcomes with a modular ankle replacement system with tibial and talar augments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective case series analysis of patients who underwent a total ankle replacement using the INVISION system across 2 centers between 2016 and 2022. Patients completed the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS), and EQ-5D pre-operatively and then post-operatively at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years. Medical records were reviewed for complications and re-operations. X-rays were reviewed for lucencies and alignment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 patients were included in the study; 14 men and 3 women with an average age at the time of surgery of 67.9 years (range 56-80 years). The average follow-up post-operatively was 40.5 months (range 7-78) at the time of this study. The indication for surgery was revision of failed total ankle replacement (TAR) in 16 and revision of failed ankle fusion in 1. An augmented tibia was used in 13, an augmented talus in 13, and both augmented tibia and talus in 9 cases. There were no early surgical complications. One patient required debridement and implant retention for late deep infection. No implants have been revised. The average MOXFQ score improved by 19.3 points at most recent follow-up. The average AOS score improved by 25.2 points.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The early results of a modular augmented ankle arthroplasty system have shown satisfactory patient outcomes with a low complication and re-operation rate and present another option for patients with larger bone defects. This is a small series, and a larger series with long-term follow-up would be beneficial.</p><p><strong>Levels of evidence: </strong>Level IV: Case series.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400241251903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140878084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alan P Samsonov, Akram Habibi, James J Butler, Raymond J Walls, John G Kennedy
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Language Models Are Useful Tools for Patients Undergoing Total Ankle Replacement.","authors":"Alan P Samsonov, Akram Habibi, James J Butler, Raymond J Walls, John G Kennedy","doi":"10.1177/19386400241249810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400241249810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLMs), such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), have gained traction as both augmentative tools in patient care but also as powerful synthesizing machines. The use of ChatGPT in orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery, particularly as an informative resource for patients, has not been described to date. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of information provided by ChatGPT in response to commonly asked questions about total ankle replacement (TAR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ChatGPT was asked 10 frequently asked questions about TAR in a conversational thread. Responses were recorded without follow-up, and subsequently graded A, B, C, or F, corresponding with \"excellent response,\" \"adequate response needing mild clarification,\" \"inadequate response needing moderate clarification,\" and \"poor response needing severe clarification.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 10 responses, 2 were grade \"A,\" 6 were grade \"B,\" 2 were grade \"C,\" and none were grade \"F.\" Overall, the LLM provided good-quality responses to the posed prompts. Conclusion. Overall, the provided responses were understandable and representative of the current literature surrounding TAR. This study highlights the potential role LLMs in augmenting patient understanding of foot and ankle operative procedures.</p><p><strong>Levels of evidence: </strong><i>IV</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400241249810"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140878083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jason Silvestre, Jared J Reid, Daniel J Scott, Amiethab A Aiyer, Christopher E Gross
{"title":"Variability in Surgical Case Volume Performed During ACGME-Accredited Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Fellowship Training.","authors":"Jason Silvestre, Jared J Reid, Daniel J Scott, Amiethab A Aiyer, Christopher E Gross","doi":"10.1177/19386400241247256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400241247256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previous studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between case volume and outcomes in foot and ankle surgery. This study elucidates surgical case volume benchmarks for Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited orthopaedic foot and ankle fellowship training in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ACGME provided case logs for orthopaedic residents and foot and ankle fellows (2018-2021). Variabilities in reported fellowship case volumes were defined as the fold-difference between 90th and 10th percentiles. Reported case volumes were compared between training cohorts with parametric tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Case logs from 65 orthopaedic foot and ankle fellows and 3146 orthopaedic residents were included. Fellows reported 1.3- to 1.5-fold more foot and ankle cases during fellowship training than during residency training (P < .001). On average, orthopaedic foot and ankle fellows reported 405.4 cases and most were arthrodesis (17%), forefoot reconstruction (17%), mid/hindfoot reconstruction (13%), tendon repair/transfer (12%), and trauma ankle hindfoot (11%). Case categories with the highest variabilities were amputation (14.8-fold difference), infection/tumor (11.6-fold difference), arthroscopy (9.2-fold difference), and calcaneus (8.7-fold difference).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Case volume benchmarks can assist trainees and faculty during orthopaedic foot and ankle training. More research is needed to determine case minimum requirements needed for autonomous practice in foot and ankle surgery.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong><i>Level III</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":73046,"journal":{"name":"Foot & ankle specialist","volume":" ","pages":"19386400241247256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}