Fish and shellfish immunology reports最新文献

{"title":"Host-microbiome interaction in fish and shellfish: An overview","authors":"A.D. Diwan , Sanjay N Harke , Archana N Panche","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The importance of the gut microbiome in the management of various physiological activities including healthy growth and performance of fish and shellfish is now widely considered and being studied in detail for potential applications in aquaculture farming and the future growth of the fish industry. The gut microbiome in all animals including fish is associated with a number of beneficial functions for the host, such as stimulating optimal gastrointestinal development, producing and supplying vitamins to the host, and improving the host's nutrient uptake by providing additional enzymatic activities. Besides nutrient uptake, the gut microbiome is involved in strengthening the immune system and maintaining mucosal tolerance, enhancing the host's resilience against infectious diseases, and the production of anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory compounds. Because of its significant role, the gut microbiome is very often considered an “extra organ,” as it plays a key role in intestinal development and regulation of other physiological functions. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiome is involved in energy homeostasis by regulating feeding, digestive and metabolic processes, as well as the immune response. Consequently, deciphering gut microbiome dynamics in cultured fish and shellfish species will play an indispensable role in promoting animal health and aquaculture productivity. It is mentioned that the microbiome community available in the gut tract, particularly in the intestine acts as an innovative source of natural product discovery. The microbial communities that are associated with several marine organisms are the source of natural products with a diverse array of biological activities and as of today, more than 1000 new compounds have been reported from such microbial species. Exploration of such new ingredients from microbial species would create more opportunities for the development of the bio-pharma/aquaculture industries. Considering the important role of the microbiome in the whole life span of fish and shellfish, it is necessary to understand the interaction process between the host and microbial community. However, information pertaining to host-microbiome interaction, particularly at the cellular level, gene expression, metabolic pathways, and immunomodulation mechanisms, the available literature is scanty. It has been reported that there are three ways of interaction involving the host-microbe-environment operates to maintain homeostasis in the fish and shellfish gut i.e. host intrinsic factors, the environment that shapes the gut microbiome composition, and the core microbial community present in the gut system itself has equal influence on the host biology. In the present review, efforts have been made to collect comprehensive information on various aspects of host-microbiome interaction, particularly on the immune system and health maintenance, management of diseases, nutrient uptake, digestion and absorption, g","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10113762/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9444873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and functional analysis of peroxiredoxin 3 (NdPrx3) from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","authors":"Ce Xu ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Ruirui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuying Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) widely exist in organisms and can prevent oxidative damage. Here, the characterization and biological function of NdPrx3 from <em>Neocaridina denticulata sinensis</em> were analyzed. The coding sequence of <em>NdPrx3</em> consists of 684 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding 227 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 24.7 kDa and theoretical pI 6.49. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the conserved domains of NdPrx3, including catalytic triad, dimer interface, decamer interface, peroxidatic, and resolving cysteines, were similar to those of other organisms. The phylogenetic relationship demonstrated that NdPrx3 clustered in the Prx3 class. The highest relative expression of <em>NdPrx3</em> mRNA was confirmed in gill among the nine tissues from healthy shrimp. The transcript level of <em>NdPrx3</em> was significantly upregulated from 0 h to 48 h and decreased in 72 h under copper challenge, indicating that <em>NdPrx3</em> may play an important role in the copper challenge of <em>N. denticulata sinensis</em>. In addition, NdPrx3 was recombinantly expressed in <em>E. coli</em> and purified to one band on SDS-PAGE. The DNA protection of rNdPrx3 was verified. The enzymatic assay of the recombinant NdPrx3 indicated that it had the oxidoreductase function and was stable at a low temperature (10–30 °C).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49777758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of new oral vaccine feeds against Salmonid novirhabdovirus in rainbow trout","authors":"Bartolomeo Gorgoglione ,&nbsp;Juan-Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Vikram N. Vakharia","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Salmonid novirhabdovirus</em> (IHNV) causes infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in salmonid species. Despite an injectable plasmid-based DNA vaccine of the glycoprotein (G) gene is effective, there are no oral vaccines for mass vaccination of rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) fry. Recombinant baculoviruses were generated, used in cabbage looper (<em>Trichoplusia ni</em>) insect larvae to produce IHNV G and IHNV G-C5a proteins. Western blotting and chemiluminescence assays confirmed the expression of recombinant proteins, which were added to the fish feeding and top-coated with unflavored gelatin binder. Commercial rainbow trout were fed with experimental diets containing either IHNV G or IHNV G-C5a proteins for 2 weeks, and boosted 4 weeks after. Four weeks post-booster, fish were challenged with IHNV by immersion. Survival upon the infection challenge was evaluated. Spleen were sampled at 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi). Non-vaccinated and IHNV G fed trout reached a mortality of 91.7 and 97.6%, and 70.9 and 88.4%, respectively at 8 and 15 dpi. The IHNV G-C5a fed group exhibited a reduced mortality of 51.2% at 8 dpi, reaching 81.7% at 15 dpi, suggesting some level of antiviral protection. The individual viral load was measured by RT-qPCR detection of IHNV N gene, showing no significant difference across experimental groups. The transcription modulation of selected immune response markers was evaluated across experimental groups, including Type I IFN-a, Mx-1, CD4, and IgM. Further study is needed to assess how new oral vaccines may become effective to mitigate IHNV pathogenesis in juvenile trout by modulating the host immune response to protect towards IHNV exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49777764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs in gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio responding to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) stimulation","authors":"Jialin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shanling Sun ,&nbsp;Yiyang Mao,&nbsp;Guo Qiao,&nbsp;Qiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) is a synthesized analogue of viral double-strand RNA and considered as a potential immunostimulant in aquaculture. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in the development of the immune system and in regulation of host antiviral responses. In our earlier study, it was found that poly I:C pre-treatment could stimulate the resistance against cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) infection and enhance the antiviral immune response in gibel carp. To understand the role of miRNAs in regulating the host response to poly I:C treatment, we investigated the expression profiles of miRNAs in the head kidney of poly I:C-treated gibel carp with small RNA sequencing technology. When compared with the untreated group, a total of 24 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the poly I:C-stimulated fish, among which, 7 and 17 miRNAs were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Analysis of target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs found that most targeted mRNAs were involved in catalytic activity, peptidase activity and endopeptidase activity, and were enriched in the metabolic, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathways, suggesting that poly I:C could alter the expression of metabolism-related miRNAs in the kidney of gibel carp. Besides, it was noted that some immune-related miRNAs, including inflammation-related miRNAs (miR-192 and miR-731) and interferon-related miRNAs (miR-194a and miR-122), were downregulated after poly I:C treatment. In summary, it was found that poly I:C could regulate the cellular levels of specific miRNAs involved in metabolism and immune responses in the head kidney of gibel carp, which may increase the capacity of the immune cells to fight against pathogens infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49777765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of co-infection in fish: A review of pathogen-host interaction and clinical outcome","authors":"Ekemini Moses Okon ,&nbsp;Reuben Chukwuka Okocha ,&nbsp;Adesina Babatunde Taiwo ,&nbsp;Falana Babatunde Michael ,&nbsp;Adeniran Moji Bolanle","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Co-infections can affect the transmission of a pathogen within a population and the pathogen's virulence, ultimately affecting the disease's dynamics. In addition, co-infections can potentially affect the host's immunological responses, clinical outcomes, survival, and disease control efficacy. Co-infections significantly impact fish production and can change several fish diseases’ progression and severity. However, the effect of co-infection has only recently garnered limited attention in aquatic animals such as fish, and there is currently a dearth of studies on this topic. This study, therefore, presents an in-depth summary of the dynamics of co-infection in fish. This study reviewed the co-infection of fish pathogens, the interaction of pathogens and fish, clinical outcomes and impacts on fish immune responses, and fish survival. Most studies described the prevalence of co-infections in fish, with various parameters influencing their outcomes. Bacterial co-infection increased fish mortality, ulcerative dermatitis, and intestinal haemorrhage. Viral co-infection resulted in osmoregulatory effects, increased mortality and cytopathic effect (CPE). More severe histological alterations and clinical symptoms were related to the co-infection of fish than in single-infected fish. In parasitic co-infection, there was increased mortality, high kidney swelling index, and severe necrotic alterations in the kidney, liver, and spleen. In other cases, there were more severe kidney lesions, cartilage destruction and displacement. There was a dearth of information on mitigating co-infections in fish. Therefore, further studies on the mitigation strategies of co-infections in fish will provide valuable insights into this research area. Also, more research on the immunology of co-infection specific to each fish pathogen class (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) is imperative. The findings from such studies would provide valuable information on the relationship between fish immune systems and targeted responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6c/96/main.PMC10213192.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9916438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of Carassius auratus gills in response to Aeromonas hydrophila","authors":"Xiucai Hu ,&nbsp;Jie Bai ,&nbsp;Rongrong Liu ,&nbsp;Aijun Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As one of the mucosal barriers, fish gills represent the first line of defense against pathogen infection. However, the exact mechanism of gill mucosal immune response to bacterial infection still needs further investigation in fish. Here, to investigate pathological changes and molecular mechanisms of the mucosal immune response in the gills of crucian carp (<em>Carassius auratus</em>) challenged by <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, the transcriptomics and proteomics were performed by using multi-omics analyses of RNA-seq coupled with iTRAQ techniques. The results demonstrated gill immune response were mostly related to the activation of complement and coagulation cascades, antigen processing and presentation, phagosome, NOD-like receptor (NLR) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathway. Selected 21 immune-related DEGs (ie., <em>Clam, nfyal, snrpf, acin1b, psme, sf3b5, rbm8a, rbm25, prpf18, g3bp2, snrpd3l, tecrem-2, cfl-A, C7, lysC, ddx5, hsp90, α-2M, C9, C3</em> and <em>slc4a1a</em>) were verified for their immune roles in the <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection <em>via</em> using qRT-PCR assay. Meanwhile, some complement (C3, C7, C9, CFD, DF and FH) and antigen presenting (HSP90, MHC Ⅱ, CALR, CANX and PSME) proteins were significantly participated in the process of defense against infections in gill tissues, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network displayed the immune signaling pathways and interactions among these DEPs. The correlation analysis indicated that the iTRAQ and qRT-PCR results was significantly correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.70, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). To our knowledge, the transcriptomics and proteomics of gills firstly identified by multi-omics analyses contribute to understanding on the molecular mechanisms of local mucosal immunity in cyprinid species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49777761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of Pandanus tectorius leaf extract on the resistance of White-leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei towards pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus","authors":"Anupa Anirudhan ,&nbsp;Mat Taib Mimi Iryani ,&nbsp;Yosie Andriani ,&nbsp;Patrick Sorgeloos ,&nbsp;Min Pau Tan ,&nbsp;Li Lian Wong ,&nbsp;Wen Jye Mok ,&nbsp;Wang Ming ,&nbsp;Liang Yantao ,&nbsp;Cher Chien Lau ,&nbsp;Yeong Yik Sung","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Pandanus tectorius</em> leaf extract effect on the White-leg shrimp <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> tolerance against <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> were investigated in this study. Thirty shrimp post-larvae measured at approximately 1 cm were exposed for 24 h to 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g/L leaf extract and subsequently observed for survival and immune-related genes expression (<em>Hsp70, ProPO</em>, peroxinectin, penaeidin, crustin and transglutaminase), followed by determination of their tolerance and histological tissue profiles upon <em>Vibrio</em> challenge. Survival of shrimps treated with 6 g/L of leaf extract improved by up to 95% to controls. Hsp70, crustin, and prophenoloxidase mRNA levels were observed to be 8.5, 10.4, and 1.5-fold higher, respectively. Histopathological analysis of the hepatopancreas and the muscle tissues revealed major tissue degeneration in <em>Vibrio</em>-challenged shrimps but not in shrimps primed with <em>P. tectorius</em> leaf extract. Of all the dose examined, the best pathogen resistance results were obtained with a 24 h incubation of shrimp in 6 g/L <em>P. tectorius</em> methanolic leaf extract. The tolerance towards <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> might be associated with the increased regulation of <em>Hsp70</em>, prophenoloxidase and crustin upon exposure to the extract, all immune-related proteins essential for pathogen elimination in Penaeid shrimp. The present study primarily demonstrated that <em>P. tectorius</em> leaf extract is a viable alternative for enhancing <em>P. vannamei</em> post-larvae resistance against <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>, a major bacterial pathogen in aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of a Reeler domain containing protein in Procambarus clarkii provides new insights into antibacterial immunity in crustacean","authors":"Ming-Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai-Min Zhou ,&nbsp;Xian-Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crayfish, as an invertebrate, relies only on the innate immune system to resist external pathogens. In this study, a molecule containing a single Reeler domain was identified from red swamp crayfish <em>Procambarus clarkii</em> (named as <em>Pc</em>Reeler). Tissue distribution analysis showed that <em>Pc</em>Reeler was highly expressed in gills and its expression was induced by bacterial stimulation. Inhibiting the expression of <em>Pc</em>Reeler by RNA interference led to a significant increase in the bacterial abundance in the gills of crayfish, and a significant increase in the crayfish mortality. Silencing of <em>Pc</em>Reeler influenced the stability of the microbiota in the gills revealed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Recombinant <em>Pc</em>Reeler showed the ability to bind microbial polysaccharide and bacteria and to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms. These results provided direct evidence for the involvement of <em>Pc</em>Reeler in the antibacterial immune mechanism of <em>P. clarkii</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49819094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature impacts Atlantic salmon's (Salmo salar) immunological response to infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv).","authors":"L Groves ,&nbsp;SK Whyte ,&nbsp;SL Purcell ,&nbsp;D Michaud ,&nbsp;WC Cai ,&nbsp;AF Garber ,&nbsp;MD Fast","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ocean temperatures continue to rise annually due to the ever-growing consequences of global climate change. These temperature changes can have an impact on the immunological robustness of cultured fish, especially cold-water species such as Atlantic salmon. The salmon farming industry already loses hundreds of millions of dollars each year to infectious and non-infectious diseases. One particularly important and WOAH reportable disease is infectious salmon anemia caused by the orthomyxovirus ISAv. Considering the changing environment, it is necessary to find ways to mitigate the effect of diseases on the industry. For this study, 20 Atlantic salmon families were housed in each of 38 different tanks at the AVC, with half of the fish being kept at 10 °C and half being kept at 20 °C. Donor Atlantic salmon IP- injected with a highly virulent ISAv isolate (HPR4; TCID₅₀ of 1 × 10⁵/mL) were added to each tank as the source of co-habitation infection. Both temperatures were sampled at onset of mortality in co-habited fish and at resolution of mortality. Family background and temperature significantly impacted ISAv load, as assessed by qPCR, time to mortality and overall mortality. Mortality was more acute at 20 °C, but overall mortality was higher at 10 °C. Based on percent mortality calculated over the course of the study, different families demonstrated different levels of survival. The three families that demonstrated the highest percent mortality, and the three families with the lowest percent mortality were then assessed for their antiviral responses using relative gene expression. Genes significantly upregulated between the unexposed fish and ISAv exposed fish included <em>mx1, il4/13a, il12rb2, and trim25</em>, and these were further impacted by temperature. Understanding how ISAv resistance is impacted by temperature can help identify seasonal risks of ISAv outbreaks as well as ideal responses to be targeted through immunopotentiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49819095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of genes encoding non-specific immunity, anti-oxidative status and aquaporins in β-glucan-fed golden mahseer (Tor putitora) juveniles under ammonia stress","authors":"Alexander Ciji,&nbsp;Priyanka H. Tripathi,&nbsp;Anupam Pandey,&nbsp;Md Shahbaz Akhtar","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigated the effects of dietary administration of β-glucan on aquaporins and antioxidative &amp; immune gene expression in endangered golden mahseer, <em>Tor putitora</em> juveniles, exposed to ammonia stress. For that, fish were fed experimental diets having 0 (control/basal), 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% β-<span>d</span>-glucan for five weeks and then exposed to ammonia (10 mgL⁻¹ total ammonia nitrogen) for 96 h. Administration of β-glucan differentially influenced the mRNA expression of aquaporins, anti-oxidative, and immune genes in ammonia-exposed fish. For instance, the transcript abundance of catalase and glutathione-s-transferase in gill varied significantly among the treatment groups, with the lowest levels in 0.75% β-glucan fed groups. At the same time, their hepatic mRNA expression was similar. Congruently, transcript abundance of inducible nitric oxide synthase considerably decreased in the β-glucan fed ammonia-challenged fish. Conversely, the relative mRNA expression of various immune genes <em>viz.,</em> major histocompatibility complex, immunoglobulin light chain, interleukin 1-beta, toll-like receptors (<em>tlr4</em> and <em>tlr5</em>) and complement component 3 remained largely unchanged in ammonia-exposed mahseer juveniles that were fed with graded levels of β-glucan. On the other hand, a significantly lower transcript level of aquaporins 1a and 3a was noticed in the gill of glucan-fed fish compared to ammonia-exposed fish that received the basal diet. However, branchial aquaporin 3b remained unaltered. Altogether, this study showed that dietary intake of 0.75% β-glucan improved resistance to ammonia stress to a certain degree, probably through activating anti-oxidative system and reducing brachial ammonia uptake.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49819096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}