Fish and shellfish immunology reports最新文献

{"title":"Evolutionarily conserved IL-27β enhances Th1 cells potential by triggering the JAK1/STAT1/T-bet axis in Nile tilapia","authors":"Ming Geng ,&nbsp;Kang Li ,&nbsp;Kete Ai ,&nbsp;Wei Liang ,&nbsp;Jialong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiumei Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a pleiotropic cytokine in the interleukin (IL)-12 family, IL-27β plays a significant role in regulating immune cell responses, eliminating invading pathogens, and maintaining immune homeostasis. Although non-mammalian IL-27β homologs have been identified, the mechanism of whether and how it is involved in adaptive immunity in early vertebrates remains unclear. In this study, we identified an evolutionarily conserved IL-27β (defined as OnIL-27β) from Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>), and explored its conserved status through gene collinearity, gene structure, functional domain, tertiary structure, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogeny analysis. IL-27β was widely expressed in the immune-related tissues/organ of tilapia. The expression of OnIL-27β in spleen lymphocytes increased significantly at the adaptive immune phase after <em>Edwardsiella piscicida</em> infection. OnIL-27β can bind to precursor cells, T cells, and other lymphocytes to varying degrees. Additionally, IL-27β may be involved in lymphocyte-mediated immune responses through activation of Erk and JNK pathways. More importantly, we found that IL-27β enhanced the mRNA expression of the Th1 cell-associated cytokine IFN-γ and the transcription factor T-bet. This potential enhancement of the Th1 response may be attributed to the activation of the JAK1/STAT1/T-bet axis by IL-27β, as it induced increased transcript levels of JAK1, STAT1 but not TYK2 and STAT4. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the origin, evolution and function of the adaptive immune system in teleost.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/a7/main.PMC9978509.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9098729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recombinant 9E1 monoclonal antibody binds membrane and soluble channel catfish immunoglobulin M","authors":"Miles D. Lange ,&nbsp;Emily M. Churchman ,&nbsp;Allison L. Wise ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Bruce","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development and validation of the recombinant 9E1 monoclonal antibody against channel catfish IgM is described. The variable heavy and light chain domains of the 9E1 hybridoma were cloned into murine IgG1 and IgK expression vectors. These expression plasmids were co-transfected into 293F cells and mature IgG was purified from culture supernatant. It is demonstrated that the recombinant 9E1 monoclonal antibody binds to soluble IgM in ELISA and ELISPOT assays and to membrane-bound IgM by immunofluorescence with different B-cell types. The recombinant 9E1 monoclonal antibody will be a valuable tool in the continued examination of the channel catfish adaptive immune system</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/21/main.PMC9988478.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9084915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of elevated temperature on 8-OHdG expression in the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica): Induction of oxidative stress biomarkers, cellular apoptosis, DNA damage and γH2AX signaling pathways","authors":"Md Faizur Rahman ,&nbsp;Mohammad Maruf Billah ,&nbsp;Richard J. Kline ,&nbsp;Md Saydur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global temperature is increasing due to anthropogenic activities and the effects of elevated temperature on DNA lesions are not well documented in marine organisms. The American oyster (<em>Crassostrea virginica,</em> an edible and commercially important marine mollusk) is an ideal shellfish species to study oxidative DNA lesions during heat stress. In this study, we examined the effects of elevated temperatures (24, 28, and 32 °C for one-week exposure) on heat shock protein-70 (HSP70, a biomarker of heat stress), 8‑hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a biomarker of pro-mutagenic DNA lesion), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), γ-histone family member X (γH2AX, a molecular biomarker of DNA damage), caspase-3 (CAS-3, a key enzyme of apoptotic pathway) and Bcl-2-associated X (BAX, an apoptosis regulator) protein and/or mRNA expressions in the gills of American oysters. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR results showed that HSP70, 8-OHdG, dsDNA, and γH2AX expressions in gills were significantly increased at high temperatures (28 and 32 °C) compared with control (24°C). <em>In situ</em> TUNEL analysis showed that the apoptotic cells in gill tissues were increased in heat-exposed oysters. Interestingly, the enhanced apoptotic cells were associated with increased CAS-3 and BAX mRNA and/or protein expressions, along with 8-OHdG levels in gills after heat exposure. Moreover, the extrapallial (EP) fluid (i.e., extracellular body fluid) protein concentrations were lower; however, the EP glucose levels were higher in heat-exposed oysters. Taken together, these results suggest that heat shock-driven oxidative stress alters extracellular body fluid conditions and induces cellular apoptosis and DNA damage, which may lead to increased 8-OHdG levels in cells/tissues in oysters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49777760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of immersion immunization of koi with Escherichia coli DH5α carrying DNA vaccine against koi herpesvirus","authors":"Jauharotul Afifah,&nbsp;Sukenda Sukenda,&nbsp;Alimuddin Alimuddin,&nbsp;Hasan Nasrullah,&nbsp;Sri Nuryati","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to immunize the koi fingerlings immersion using the formalin-killed and freeze-dried E. coli DH5α carrying plasmid for the KHV DNA vaccine. 200 fish on each tank in a total water volume of 20 L. Each tanks consists of different vaccination group: PBS as control (10 mL; C), empty E. coli DHα (10 mL at 108 CFU mL-1; E), formalinkilled E. coli DHα:ORF81 (10 mL at 108 CFU mL-1; KE), freezedried E.coli DHα:ORF81 without formalin inactivation (10 mL at 108 CFU mL-1; FE), and formalin-killed and then freeze-dried E. coli DHα:ORF81 (10 mL at 108 CFU mL-1; KFE). The bath vaccination was conducted for 1 × 30 min. For the challenged test, fish were immersed with the 100 mL of LD50 dose of KHV (10–2 dilution from the KHV stock) for 30 min. The vaccination using E. coli DH5α:ORF81 could significantly modulate the innate and adaptive immunity of the fish and result in higher fish survival after KHV infection. The vaccination using formalin-killed or formalin-killed and freezedried E. coli DH5α:ORF81 will be further developed as an alternative to the costefficient koi or carp fingerlings vaccination method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genes expression in Penaeus monodon of Bangladesh; challenged with AHPND-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus","authors":"Md. Mer Mosharraf Hossain ,&nbsp;Nawshin Farjana ,&nbsp;Rukaiya Afroz ,&nbsp;Hasan-Uj-Jaman ,&nbsp;Pobitra Kumar Saha ,&nbsp;Hironmoy Shovon Roy ,&nbsp;Md. Anisur Rahman ,&nbsp;Md. Almamun Farid","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100092","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vibrio parahaemolyticus,&lt;/em&gt; the causative agent of Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), was discovered in 2013 as a unique isolate that produces toxins and kills penaeid shrimps in devasting nature in Bangladesh and causes severe economic losses. This research aimed to understand the expressions of immune genes in different stages of the host species, &lt;em&gt;Penaeus monodon,&lt;/em&gt; against virulence and toxin genes upon being challenged with &lt;em&gt;V. parahaemolyticus&lt;/em&gt;. Healthy post-larvae (PL) samples were collected from southwestern of Bangladesh from July 2021 to August 2022. The tryptic soy agar with 1.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) was used to inoculate the cells of &lt;em&gt;V. parahaemolyticus,&lt;/em&gt; and the tryptic soy broth (TSB) with 1.5% NaCl was used to transfer the colonies. The spectrophotometry measured bacteria density. PCR, qPCR, SDS-PAGE, and Western blot measured gene expression and survivability after the immersion challenge. The 1 × 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;CFU/mL of &lt;em&gt;V. parahaemolyticus&lt;/em&gt; was used for 144 h.p.i (hours post-infection) challenge to six stages of post-larvae (PL) of &lt;em&gt;P. monodon&lt;/em&gt; (PL20, PL25, PL30, PL35, PL40, and PL45), PL30 and PL35 showed 100% mortality by day 72 (h.p.i.) after exposure that indicated most vulnerable to &lt;em&gt;V. parahaemolyticus&lt;/em&gt;. The expression of immune and toxic genes was confirmed by qPCR. The immune genes toll-like receptors (TLR), prophenoloxidase (ProPO), lysozyme (lyso), and penaeidin (PEN) of PL20 and PL25 of &lt;em&gt;P. monodon&lt;/em&gt; were expressed robustly up-trends. PL30 and PL35 showed the lowest gene expression at the end of 72 (h.p.i.). At the end of the 144 (h.p.i.) exposure, the immune genes TLR, ProPO, lyso, and PEN expressed highest in PL45 than other post-larvae stages of &lt;em&gt;P. monodon&lt;/em&gt;. The toxic genes (pirA, ToxR, ToxA, ToxB, tlh, tdh, and trh) in PL30 and PL35 of &lt;em&gt;P. monodon&lt;/em&gt; after exposure of &lt;em&gt;V. parahaemolyticus&lt;/em&gt; were expressed highest at the end of the 72 (h.p.i.). The lowest toxic genes expressions were revealed in PL20 and PL45 at the end of the 144 (h.p.i.). The SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins from the bacterium revealed identical protein profiles with toxic genes, and those toxins were further confirmed by Western blot. The 20 kDa, 78 kDa (ToxR), 20 kDa, 25 kDa (ToxA), 25 kDa (ToxB), 20 kDa, 27 kDa, 75 kDa (tdh), and 20 kDa, 27 kDa, 75 kDa, and 78 kDa (trh) proteins were strong responses in Western blot, indicating the crucial involvement of these immune-related genes in the defense and recovery of the first-line defense mechanisms during &lt;em&gt;V. parahaemolyticus&lt;/em&gt; infection to shrimp. The all-toxic genes showed a unique homology and those derived from the common ancestor compared with &lt;em&gt;V. parahaemolyticus&lt;/em&gt; (NCBI accession no. AP014859.1). All clades were derived with different traits with very low genetic distance, where the overall mean distance was 3.18 and showed a very uniform and homogenous pattern among the lineages. The &lt;","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemically-induced trout model of acute intestinal inflammation using TNBS","authors":"Marianna E. Horn ,&nbsp;Helmut Segner ,&nbsp;Markus Brinkmann ,&nbsp;Steven Machtaler","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemically-induced models of intestinal inflammation are a useful tool for the study of immune responses and inflammation. Although well established in mammals, application of these models is currently limited in teleosts. Based on a variety of factors, including genetic diversity, known toxicological sensitivity, and economic importance, we propose salmonids as a model family of fishes for studying intestinal inflammation. We present a rainbow trout model of chemically-induced intestinal inflammation using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), assessed through histological analysis of primary and secondary intestinal folding, enterocyte morphology, goblet cell size and frequency, tissue layer thickness, and immune cell infiltration. Twenty-four hours after treatment with one of three concentrations of TNBS, trout developed classic signs of intestinal inflammation, including notably increased thickness of primary and secondary folds, and increased immune cell infiltration as compared to controls. This study provides a simple, reproducible model of rapid TNBS-induction of moderate intestinal inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9807998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10857028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syk regulates the haemocyte autophagy through inducing the mRNA expressions of autophagy-related genes and the cleavage of CgLC3 in oyster antibacterial immunity","authors":"Hongsheng Yao ,&nbsp;Jiejie Sun ,&nbsp;Tong Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Linsheng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is reported to be involved in activating the autophagy. Recently, a homologue of Syk was identified from Pacific oyster <em>Crassostrea gigas</em> (defined as <em>Cg</em>Syk). In the present study, the molecular characteristics of <em>Cg</em>Syk and its regulation mechanism in autophagy were investigated in oyster <em>C. gigas</em>. The full-length cDNA of <em>Cg</em>Syk was of 4566 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1989 bp. <em>Cg</em>Syk encoded a polypeptide of 662 amino acids, containing two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and one tyrosine kinase catalytic (TyrKc) domain. The deduced amino acid sequence of <em>Cg</em>Syk shared low similarity with the previously identified Syks from other species. In the phylogenetic tree, <em>Cg</em>Syk was first clustered with <em>Crassostrea virginica Cv</em>Syk, and then classified into a branch of invertebrate Syks. In <em>Cg</em>Syk-RNAi oysters, the mRNA expressions of <em>Cg</em>LC3, <em>Cg</em>P62, <em>Cg</em>Beclin-1 and <em>Cg</em>ATG5 in haemocytes decreased significantly at 12 h after <em>Vibrio splendidus</em> stimulation. At the same time, the abundance of <em>Cg</em>LC3Ⅱ in haemocytes, and the autophagy rate of haemocytes in <em>Cg</em>Syk-RNAi oysters decreased significantly at 12 h after <em>V. splendidus</em> stimulation<em>.</em> All the results collectively suggested that <em>Cg</em>Syk regulated the autophagy through inducing the mRNA expressions of autophagy-related genes and the cleavage of <em>Cg</em>LC3 to defend against bacterial invasion in oysters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TL1A induces apoptosis via DR3 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Kangyong Chen ,&nbsp;Qianzi Xiu ,&nbsp;Qingyu Min ,&nbsp;Xingxing Cheng ,&nbsp;Hehe Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhao Jia ,&nbsp;Jianhua Feng ,&nbsp;Yanjie Shi ,&nbsp;Qianli Zhuo ,&nbsp;Junya Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tumor necrosis factor like ligand 1A (TL1A), a member of TNF superfamily, regulates inflammatory response and immune defense. TL1A homologues have recently been discovered in fish, but their functions have not been studied. In this study, a TL1A homologue was identified in grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>) and its bioactivities were investigated. The grass carp <em>tl1a</em> (<em>Citl1a</em>) gene was constitutively expressed in tissues, with the highest expression detected in the liver. It was upregulated in response to infection with <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. The recombinant <em>Ci</em>TL1A was produced in bacteria and was shown to stimulate the expression of <em>il1β, tnfα, caspase 8</em> and <em>ifnγ</em> in the primary head kidney leucocytes. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that <em>Ci</em>TL1A interacted with DR3 and induced apoptosis via activation of DR3. The results demonstrate that TL1A regulates inflammation and apoptosis and is involved in the immune defense against bacterial infection in fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary silver nanoparticles as immunostimulant on rohu (Labeo rohita): Effects on the growth, cellular ultrastructure, immune-gene expression, and survival against Aeromonas hydrophila","authors":"Omoniyi Michael Popoola ,&nbsp;Bijay Kumar Behera ,&nbsp;Vikash Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study aimed at assessing the immunostimulatory properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on <em>Labeo rohita</em>, and understanding how it affects the growth, cellular ultrastructure, the expression level of immune genes, and infection risk from <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. Fish (avg wt: 30.1±3.26 g) were fed diets with four separate AgNP inclusion levels (0 µgKg⁻¹ [basic diet, T1], 10 µgKg⁻¹ [T2], 15 µgKg⁻¹ [T3], and 20 µgKg⁻¹ [T4]) for 56 days. After the feeding trial, growth, histological, immunological parameters, and protective immune response against <em>A. hydrophila</em> were assessed. The fish in the treatment groups including T1(control), the T3 growth indices, such as specific growth rate (7.56±0.26) and percent weight gain (231.05±3.21), was statistically higher (P &lt; 0.05). In the immunological and oxidative parameters, levels of SOD and catalase decreased in correlation with a rise in the inclusion doses of AgNP in the liver, and a reduction in catalase values was recorded in the gill. With the addition of AgNP, the NBT value was decreased in the gill, and T3 had a considerably larger (P&lt;0.05) value in the liver (0.493±0.02). The kidney of the <em>L. rohita</em> fed AgNP (0 and20 µgKg⁻¹ AgNP) showed expansion through Bowman's gaps, severing of glomeruli with haemorrhage, as well as atrophic spots between its gaps. The liver showed fibrosis, karyolysis, and the removal of the hepatocytes wall. The gill, liver, kidney, and muscle of fish-fed diets supplemented with AgNP, showed that interleukin-8 (IL-8), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were up-regulated. Expression was considerably higher in T3 compared with the control. However, the control group that wasn't given AgNP supplemented diet had increased levels of TGF-beta. Additionally, fish on the T3 diet showed much greater post-challenge survival rates (90%). These findings strongly suggest that dietary inclusion of AgNP (at 10 and 15 µgKg⁻¹ feed) enhances growth, health, and protective immune response against <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49777763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro interleukin-12 p40 and p35 subunit response in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) to heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum strain L-137 (HK L-137) supplementation, and immersion challenge with Lactococcus garvieae","authors":"Haruhisa Fukada ,&nbsp;Ayaka Senzui ,&nbsp;Keisuke Kimoto ,&nbsp;Kumiko Tsuru ,&nbsp;Yoshikazu Kiyabu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dietary supplementation of immunostimulants might be effective to reduce the economic losses due to infectious diseases and the use of antibiotics in aquaculture. To investigate the immune response of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in yellowtail <em>Seriola quinqueradiata</em> to heat-killed <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> strain L-137 (HK L-137), we performed a leukocyte culture, feeding trial with diets containing L-137 and an immersion challenge with <em>Lactococcus garvieae</em>. IL-12 (IL-12p70) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 subunits. In the yellowtail-leukocyte culture, HK L-137 treatment stimulated the mRNA expression of one IL12p35 subunit (<em>p35a</em>) and all IL12p40 subunits (<em>p40</em>a, <em>p40b</em>, and <em>p40c</em>) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, mRNA expression of type-I helper (Th-1) cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α, and interferon γ, IFN-γ) was also stimulated by HK L-137. After 6 weeks of feeding yellowtails with diets containing 0, 20, and 100 ppm of HK L-137, the mRNA expression of <em>p35a</em> and <em>p40b</em> in the spleen leukocytes increased with the dietary concentration of HK L-137, and that of <em>p40b, p40c</em>, and <em>ifng</em> in the head kidney leukocytes were the highest in the 20 ppm HK L-137 group. Survival rates in the 20 ppm HK L-137 group after immersion challenge with <em>L. garvieae</em> were significantly higher than the control (0 ppm of HK L-137). The 100 ppm HK L-137 group did not significantly suppress mortality. HK L-137 showed immunostimulant activity by increasing the expression of <em>il-12, tnfa</em>, and <em>ifng</em> mRNA in both in vitro and in vivo tests in yellowtail. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with 20 ppm HK L-137 is the most efficient dose for improving immunity in yellowtail. Furthermore, a high dose of HK L-137 and/or long-term feeding of a diet containing HK L-137 might suppress the immune response, which probably decreases the survival rate of fish. To maintain a high immune response in yellowtail, the optimal dietary concentration of HK L-137 and/or feeding regime should be investigated further.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49777746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}