Fish and shellfish immunology reports最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro interleukin-12 p40 and p35 subunit response in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) to heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum strain L-137 (HK L-137) supplementation, and immersion challenge with Lactococcus garvieae’ [Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports 4 (2023) 100095]","authors":"Haruhisa Fukada , Ayaka Senzui , Keisuke Kimoto , Kumiko Tsuru , Yoshikazu Kiyabu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667011923000178/pdfft?md5=293c4c737f14f9af13f8f1cd670cf191&pid=1-s2.0-S2667011923000178-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature impacts Atlantic salmon's (Salmo salar) immunological response to infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv).","authors":"L Groves ,&nbsp;SK Whyte ,&nbsp;SL Purcell ,&nbsp;D Michaud ,&nbsp;WC Cai ,&nbsp;AF Garber ,&nbsp;MD Fast","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ocean temperatures continue to rise annually due to the ever-growing consequences of global climate change. These temperature changes can have an impact on the immunological robustness of cultured fish, especially cold-water species such as Atlantic salmon. The salmon farming industry already loses hundreds of millions of dollars each year to infectious and non-infectious diseases. One particularly important and WOAH reportable disease is infectious salmon anemia caused by the orthomyxovirus ISAv. Considering the changing environment, it is necessary to find ways to mitigate the effect of diseases on the industry. For this study, 20 Atlantic salmon families were housed in each of 38 different tanks at the AVC, with half of the fish being kept at 10 °C and half being kept at 20 °C. Donor Atlantic salmon IP- injected with a highly virulent ISAv isolate (HPR4; TCID₅₀ of 1 × 10⁵/mL) were added to each tank as the source of co-habitation infection. Both temperatures were sampled at onset of mortality in co-habited fish and at resolution of mortality. Family background and temperature significantly impacted ISAv load, as assessed by qPCR, time to mortality and overall mortality. Mortality was more acute at 20 °C, but overall mortality was higher at 10 °C. Based on percent mortality calculated over the course of the study, different families demonstrated different levels of survival. The three families that demonstrated the highest percent mortality, and the three families with the lowest percent mortality were then assessed for their antiviral responses using relative gene expression. Genes significantly upregulated between the unexposed fish and ISAv exposed fish included <em>mx1, il4/13a, il12rb2, and trim25</em>, and these were further impacted by temperature. Understanding how ISAv resistance is impacted by temperature can help identify seasonal risks of ISAv outbreaks as well as ideal responses to be targeted through immunopotentiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49819095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of co-infection in fish: A review of pathogen-host interaction and clinical outcome","authors":"Ekemini Moses Okon ,&nbsp;Reuben Chukwuka Okocha ,&nbsp;Adesina Babatunde Taiwo ,&nbsp;Falana Babatunde Michael ,&nbsp;Adeniran Moji Bolanle","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Co-infections can affect the transmission of a pathogen within a population and the pathogen's virulence, ultimately affecting the disease's dynamics. In addition, co-infections can potentially affect the host's immunological responses, clinical outcomes, survival, and disease control efficacy. Co-infections significantly impact fish production and can change several fish diseases’ progression and severity. However, the effect of co-infection has only recently garnered limited attention in aquatic animals such as fish, and there is currently a dearth of studies on this topic. This study, therefore, presents an in-depth summary of the dynamics of co-infection in fish. This study reviewed the co-infection of fish pathogens, the interaction of pathogens and fish, clinical outcomes and impacts on fish immune responses, and fish survival. Most studies described the prevalence of co-infections in fish, with various parameters influencing their outcomes. Bacterial co-infection increased fish mortality, ulcerative dermatitis, and intestinal haemorrhage. Viral co-infection resulted in osmoregulatory effects, increased mortality and cytopathic effect (CPE). More severe histological alterations and clinical symptoms were related to the co-infection of fish than in single-infected fish. In parasitic co-infection, there was increased mortality, high kidney swelling index, and severe necrotic alterations in the kidney, liver, and spleen. In other cases, there were more severe kidney lesions, cartilage destruction and displacement. There was a dearth of information on mitigating co-infections in fish. Therefore, further studies on the mitigation strategies of co-infections in fish will provide valuable insights into this research area. Also, more research on the immunology of co-infection specific to each fish pathogen class (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) is imperative. The findings from such studies would provide valuable information on the relationship between fish immune systems and targeted responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6c/96/main.PMC10213192.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9916438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro interleukin-12 p40 and p35 subunit response in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) to heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum strain L-137 (HK L-137) supplementation, and immersion challenge with Lactococcus garvieae","authors":"Haruhisa Fukada ,&nbsp;Ayaka Senzui ,&nbsp;Keisuke Kimoto ,&nbsp;Kumiko Tsuru ,&nbsp;Yoshikazu Kiyabu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dietary supplementation of immunostimulants might be effective to reduce the economic losses due to infectious diseases and the use of antibiotics in aquaculture. To investigate the immune response of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in yellowtail <em>Seriola quinqueradiata</em> to heat-killed <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> strain L-137 (HK L-137), we performed a leukocyte culture, feeding trial with diets containing L-137 and an immersion challenge with <em>Lactococcus garvieae</em>. IL-12 (IL-12p70) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 subunits. In the yellowtail-leukocyte culture, HK L-137 treatment stimulated the mRNA expression of one IL12p35 subunit (<em>p35a</em>) and all IL12p40 subunits (<em>p40</em>a, <em>p40b</em>, and <em>p40c</em>) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, mRNA expression of type-I helper (Th-1) cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α, and interferon γ, IFN-γ) was also stimulated by HK L-137. After 6 weeks of feeding yellowtails with diets containing 0, 20, and 100 ppm of HK L-137, the mRNA expression of <em>p35a</em> and <em>p40b</em> in the spleen leukocytes increased with the dietary concentration of HK L-137, and that of <em>p40b, p40c</em>, and <em>ifng</em> in the head kidney leukocytes were the highest in the 20 ppm HK L-137 group. Survival rates in the 20 ppm HK L-137 group after immersion challenge with <em>L. garvieae</em> were significantly higher than the control (0 ppm of HK L-137). The 100 ppm HK L-137 group did not significantly suppress mortality. HK L-137 showed immunostimulant activity by increasing the expression of <em>il-12, tnfa</em>, and <em>ifng</em> mRNA in both in vitro and in vivo tests in yellowtail. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with 20 ppm HK L-137 is the most efficient dose for improving immunity in yellowtail. Furthermore, a high dose of HK L-137 and/or long-term feeding of a diet containing HK L-137 might suppress the immune response, which probably decreases the survival rate of fish. To maintain a high immune response in yellowtail, the optimal dietary concentration of HK L-137 and/or feeding regime should be investigated further.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49777746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of a Reeler domain containing protein in Procambarus clarkii provides new insights into antibacterial immunity in crustacean","authors":"Ming-Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai-Min Zhou ,&nbsp;Xian-Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crayfish, as an invertebrate, relies only on the innate immune system to resist external pathogens. In this study, a molecule containing a single Reeler domain was identified from red swamp crayfish <em>Procambarus clarkii</em> (named as <em>Pc</em>Reeler). Tissue distribution analysis showed that <em>Pc</em>Reeler was highly expressed in gills and its expression was induced by bacterial stimulation. Inhibiting the expression of <em>Pc</em>Reeler by RNA interference led to a significant increase in the bacterial abundance in the gills of crayfish, and a significant increase in the crayfish mortality. Silencing of <em>Pc</em>Reeler influenced the stability of the microbiota in the gills revealed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Recombinant <em>Pc</em>Reeler showed the ability to bind microbial polysaccharide and bacteria and to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms. These results provided direct evidence for the involvement of <em>Pc</em>Reeler in the antibacterial immune mechanism of <em>P. clarkii</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49819094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monoclonal antibody generated against Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) IgT heavy chain using a peptide-based strategy","authors":"Janet Velázquez ,&nbsp;Lynn Cruz ,&nbsp;Maylin Pérez-Bernal ,&nbsp;Onel Valdivia ,&nbsp;Arlette Haidar ,&nbsp;Alianet Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Fidel Herrera ,&nbsp;Osmany González ,&nbsp;Antonio Morales ,&nbsp;Lisbet Ulloa ,&nbsp;Reinaldo Blanco ,&nbsp;Joel Pérez ,&nbsp;Dayamí Dorta ,&nbsp;Yaramis Luna ,&nbsp;Hilda Elisa Garay ,&nbsp;David Diago Abreu ,&nbsp;Yassel Ramos ,&nbsp;Vladimir Besada ,&nbsp;Yeosvany Cabrera ,&nbsp;Mario Pablo Estrada ,&nbsp;Yamila Carpio","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Teleost IgT/Z plays a principal role in the defense mechanisms against infectious agents in the mucosal compartments and in systemic immunity. Previously, Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) IgT was discovered and characterized at transcription level. In this work, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that specifically recognized the Nile tilapia IgT. BALB/c mice were immunized with three synthetic peptides conjugated to KLH. The sequences of these peptides derived from the constant region of the Nile tilapia IgT heavy chain. ELISA and Western blotting confirmed the specificity of the polyclonal sera and the culture supernatant from a positive hybridoma clone. We observed immunoreactivity against a recombinant IgT fragment and native IgT in skin mucus. The anti-IgT mAb did not cross-react with purified tilapia IgM. Direct ELISA analysis allowed the quantification of skin mucus IgM and IgT concentrations. Flow cytometry analysis revealed differences in the percentage of IgT⁺ B cell populations between juveniles and adults in peripheral blood, head kidney and spleen lymphocytes and among the tissues analyzed. For further validation of the anti-IgT mAb utility, a recombinant vaccine candidate against sea lice (TT-P0 <em>Ls</em>) was injected into juvenile tilapia. Direct ELISA results revealed a differential secretion of skin mucus IgT and IgM after immunostimulation. In addition, the percentages of IgT⁺ B cells were determined at 7 days after booster and <em>ex-vivo</em> stimulation by flow cytometry. This mAb constitutes an important immunological tool to study the biological function and structural characteristics of tilapia IgT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49778007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genes expression in Penaeus monodon of Bangladesh; challenged with AHPND-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus","authors":"Md. Mer Mosharraf Hossain ,&nbsp;Nawshin Farjana ,&nbsp;Rukaiya Afroz ,&nbsp;Hasan-Uj-Jaman ,&nbsp;Pobitra Kumar Saha ,&nbsp;Hironmoy Shovon Roy ,&nbsp;Md. Anisur Rahman ,&nbsp;Md. Almamun Farid","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus,</em> the causative agent of Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), was discovered in 2013 as a unique isolate that produces toxins and kills penaeid shrimps in devasting nature in Bangladesh and causes severe economic losses. This research aimed to understand the expressions of immune genes in different stages of the host species, <em>Penaeus monodon,</em> against virulence and toxin genes upon being challenged with <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. Healthy post-larvae (PL) samples were collected from southwestern of Bangladesh from July 2021 to August 2022. The tryptic soy agar with 1.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) was used to inoculate the cells of <em>V. parahaemolyticus,</em> and the tryptic soy broth (TSB) with 1.5% NaCl was used to transfer the colonies. The spectrophotometry measured bacteria density. PCR, qPCR, SDS-PAGE, and Western blot measured gene expression and survivability after the immersion challenge. The 1 × 10⁵CFU/mL of <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> was used for 144 h.p.i (hours post-infection) challenge to six stages of post-larvae (PL) of <em>P. monodon</em> (PL20, PL25, PL30, PL35, PL40, and PL45), PL30 and PL35 showed 100% mortality by day 72 (h.p.i.) after exposure that indicated most vulnerable to <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. The expression of immune and toxic genes was confirmed by qPCR. The immune genes toll-like receptors (TLR), prophenoloxidase (ProPO), lysozyme (lyso), and penaeidin (PEN) of PL20 and PL25 of <em>P. monodon</em> were expressed robustly up-trends. PL30 and PL35 showed the lowest gene expression at the end of 72 (h.p.i.). At the end of the 144 (h.p.i.) exposure, the immune genes TLR, ProPO, lyso, and PEN expressed highest in PL45 than other post-larvae stages of <em>P. monodon</em>. The toxic genes (pirA, ToxR, ToxA, ToxB, tlh, tdh, and trh) in PL30 and PL35 of <em>P. monodon</em> after exposure of <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> were expressed highest at the end of the 72 (h.p.i.). The lowest toxic genes expressions were revealed in PL20 and PL45 at the end of the 144 (h.p.i.). The SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins from the bacterium revealed identical protein profiles with toxic genes, and those toxins were further confirmed by Western blot. The 20 kDa, 78 kDa (ToxR), 20 kDa, 25 kDa (ToxA), 25 kDa (ToxB), 20 kDa, 27 kDa, 75 kDa (tdh), and 20 kDa, 27 kDa, 75 kDa, and 78 kDa (trh) proteins were strong responses in Western blot, indicating the crucial involvement of these immune-related genes in the defense and recovery of the first-line defense mechanisms during <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> infection to shrimp. The all-toxic genes showed a unique homology and those derived from the common ancestor compared with <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> (NCBI accession no. AP014859.1). All clades were derived with different traits with very low genetic distance, where the overall mean distance was 3.18 and showed a very uniform and homogenous pattern among the lineages. The <","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-microbiome interaction in fish and shellfish: An overview","authors":"A.D. Diwan ,&nbsp;Sanjay N Harke ,&nbsp;Archana N Panche","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The importance of the gut microbiome in the management of various physiological activities including healthy growth and performance of fish and shellfish is now widely considered and being studied in detail for potential applications in aquaculture farming and the future growth of the fish industry. The gut microbiome in all animals including fish is associated with a number of beneficial functions for the host, such as stimulating optimal gastrointestinal development, producing and supplying vitamins to the host, and improving the host's nutrient uptake by providing additional enzymatic activities. Besides nutrient uptake, the gut microbiome is involved in strengthening the immune system and maintaining mucosal tolerance, enhancing the host's resilience against infectious diseases, and the production of anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory compounds. Because of its significant role, the gut microbiome is very often considered an “extra organ,” as it plays a key role in intestinal development and regulation of other physiological functions. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiome is involved in energy homeostasis by regulating feeding, digestive and metabolic processes, as well as the immune response. Consequently, deciphering gut microbiome dynamics in cultured fish and shellfish species will play an indispensable role in promoting animal health and aquaculture productivity. It is mentioned that the microbiome community available in the gut tract, particularly in the intestine acts as an innovative source of natural product discovery. The microbial communities that are associated with several marine organisms are the source of natural products with a diverse array of biological activities and as of today, more than 1000 new compounds have been reported from such microbial species. Exploration of such new ingredients from microbial species would create more opportunities for the development of the bio-pharma/aquaculture industries. Considering the important role of the microbiome in the whole life span of fish and shellfish, it is necessary to understand the interaction process between the host and microbial community. However, information pertaining to host-microbiome interaction, particularly at the cellular level, gene expression, metabolic pathways, and immunomodulation mechanisms, the available literature is scanty. It has been reported that there are three ways of interaction involving the host-microbe-environment operates to maintain homeostasis in the fish and shellfish gut i.e. host intrinsic factors, the environment that shapes the gut microbiome composition, and the core microbial community present in the gut system itself has equal influence on the host biology. In the present review, efforts have been made to collect comprehensive information on various aspects of host-microbiome interaction, particularly on the immune system and health maintenance, management of diseases, nutrient uptake, digestion and absorption, g","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10113762/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9444873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TL1A induces apoptosis via DR3 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Kangyong Chen ,&nbsp;Qianzi Xiu ,&nbsp;Qingyu Min ,&nbsp;Xingxing Cheng ,&nbsp;Hehe Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhao Jia ,&nbsp;Jianhua Feng ,&nbsp;Yanjie Shi ,&nbsp;Qianli Zhuo ,&nbsp;Junya Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tumor necrosis factor like ligand 1A (TL1A), a member of TNF superfamily, regulates inflammatory response and immune defense. TL1A homologues have recently been discovered in fish, but their functions have not been studied. In this study, a TL1A homologue was identified in grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>) and its bioactivities were investigated. The grass carp <em>tl1a</em> (<em>Citl1a</em>) gene was constitutively expressed in tissues, with the highest expression detected in the liver. It was upregulated in response to infection with <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. The recombinant <em>Ci</em>TL1A was produced in bacteria and was shown to stimulate the expression of <em>il1β, tnfα, caspase 8</em> and <em>ifnγ</em> in the primary head kidney leucocytes. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that <em>Ci</em>TL1A interacted with DR3 and induced apoptosis via activation of DR3. The results demonstrate that TL1A regulates inflammation and apoptosis and is involved in the immune defense against bacterial infection in fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and functional characterization of the oyster Crassostrea gasar circulating hemocytes: Cell types and phagocytosis activity","authors":"Jesarela Merabe Silva Freire ,&nbsp;Natanael Dantas Farias ,&nbsp;Hélène Hégaret ,&nbsp;Patricia Mirella da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hemocytes are the circulating cells of the hemolymph of oysters and are responsible for numerous physiological functions, including immune defense. The oyster <em>Crassostrea gasar</em> is a native species inhabiting mangrove habitat and is of great commercial interest, cultured throughout the Brazilian coast, mainly in the north and northeast. Despite its commercial importance, little is known about its immunological aspects and defense cells, the hemocytes. This work aimed to morphologically characterize hemocytes of the oyster <em>C. gasar</em> and to study one of the main cellular defense response, phagocytosis, using light microscopy and flow cytometry. The results showed the presence of six hemocyte populations in <em>C. gasar</em> hemolymph. These comprise of large and small granulocytes, large and small hyalinocytes, blast-like cells and a rare type classified as vesicular or serous hemocytes. Hyalinocytes were highly abundant and the most heterogeneous cell population, while small granulocytes, along with vesicular hemocytes were the less abundant population. Hemocytes of <em>C. gasar</em> oysters demonstrated capabilities to phagocytose three different types of particles tested: zymosan A, latex particles and <em>Escherichia coli</em>, indicating a broad defense capacity. The zymosan A were the most engulfed particles, followed by beads, mainly phagocytized by granulocytes, the most phagocytic cells, and finally <em>E. coli</em>, which were the least phagocytized. This study is the first characterization of <em>C. gasar</em> oyster hemocytes and will support future studies that aim to understand the participation of different hemocyte types in defense responses against pathogens and/or environmental changes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73029,"journal":{"name":"Fish and shellfish immunology reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49790016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}