Advances in Dental Research最新文献_第4页

Oral Health Effects of Tobacco Products: Science and Regulatory Policy 烟草制品对口腔健康的影响：科学与监管政策

Advances in Dental Research Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519872481

Scott L. Tomar

引用次数: 2

Novel Nicotine Delivery Systems 新型尼古丁传递系统

Advances in Dental Research Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519872475

Purnima S. Kumar, P. Clark, M. Brinkman, D. Saxena

{"title":"Novel Nicotine Delivery Systems","authors":"Purnima S. Kumar, P. Clark, M. Brinkman, D. Saxena","doi":"10.1177/0022034519872475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034519872475","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are devices that contain a power source, a heating element, and a tank or cartridge containing an “e-liquid,” which is a mixture of nicotine and flavoring in a glycerol–propylene glycol vehicle. Their increasing popularity among adolescents might be attributed to aggressive marketing in physical venues, social media outlets, as well as irreversible changes caused by nicotine in the developing brains of youth and young adults, predisposing them to addictive behaviors. Adolescent ENDS users were 4 times more likely to initiate cigarette smoking, and the odds of quitting smoking were lower and, in many instances, delayed for those using ENDS. ENDS also renormalize cigarette-like behaviors, such as inhaling/exhaling smoke. The oral cavity is the initial point of contact of ENDS and the first affected system in humans. Oral health depends on an intricate balance in the interactions between oral bacteria and the human immune system, and dysbiosis of oral microbial communities underlies the etiology of periodontitis, caries, and oral cancer. Emerging evidence from subjects with periodontitis as well as periodontally healthy subjects demonstrates that e-cigarette use is associated with a compositional and functional shift in the oral microbiome, with an increase in opportunistic pathogens and virulence traits.","PeriodicalId":7300,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Dental Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"11 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0022034519872475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43089500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Review of Fluoride Intake and Appropriateness of Current Guidelines. 对氟化物摄入量的审查和现行指南的适当性。

Advances in Dental Research Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517750850

M A R Buzalaf

{"title":"Review of Fluoride Intake and Appropriateness of Current Guidelines.","authors":"M A R Buzalaf","doi":"10.1177/0022034517750850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517750850","url":null,"abstract":"Since the classical epidemiological studies by Dean, it has been known that there should be an optimum level of exposure to fluoride that would be able to provide the maximum protection against caries, with minimum dental fluorosis. The \"optimal\" daily intake of fluoride for children (0.05-0.07 mg per kilogram bodyweight) that is still accepted worldwide was empirically determined. In the present review, we discuss the appropriateness of the current guidance for fluoride intake, in light of the windows of susceptibility to caries and fluorosis, the modern trends of fluoride intake from multiple sources, individual variations in fluoride metabolism, and recent epidemiological data. The main conclusion is that it is very difficult to think about a strict recommendation for an \"optimal\" range of fluoride intake at the individual level in light of existing knowledge of 1) the mechanisms of action of fluoride to control caries, 2) the mechanisms involved in dental fluorosis development, 3) the distinct factors that interfere in the metabolism of fluoride, and 4) the windows of susceptibility to both dental caries and fluorosis development. An \"optimal\" range of fluoride intake is, however, desirable at the population level to guide programs of community fluoridation, but further research is necessary to provide additional support for future decisions on guidance in this area. This list includes the effect of factors affecting fluoride metabolism, clinical trials on the effectiveness of low-fluoride dentifrices to prevent caries in the primary dentition, and validation of biomarkers of exposure to fluoride.","PeriodicalId":7300,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Dental Research","volume":"29 2","pages":"157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0022034517750850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35846766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 58

Summary of General Discussion and Conclusions. 一般性讨论和结论摘要。

Advances in Dental Research Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517750591

F V Zohoori

引用次数: 7

Guidelines for Fluoride Intake: Second Discussant. 氟化物摄入指南:第二位讨论者。

Advances in Dental Research Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517750594

A W G Walls

引用次数: 2

Introduction: Guidelines for Fluoride Intake-Are They Appropriate? 导言:氟化物摄入指南是否合适?

Advances in Dental Research Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517750588

A J Rugg-Gunn

引用次数: 2

Understanding Optimum Fluoride Intake from Population-Level Evidence. 从人群水平的证据理解最佳氟化物摄入量。

Advances in Dental Research Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517750592

A J Spencer, L G Do, U Mueller, J Baines, M Foley, M A Peres

{"title":"Understanding Optimum Fluoride Intake from Population-Level Evidence.","authors":"A J Spencer, L G Do, U Mueller, J Baines, M Foley, M A Peres","doi":"10.1177/0022034517750592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517750592","url":null,"abstract":"Policy on fluoride intake involves balancing caries against dental fluorosis in populations. The origin of this balance lies with Dean's research on fluoride concentration in water supplies, caries, and fluorosis. Dean identified cut points in the Index of Dental Fluorosis of 0.4 and 0.6 as critical. These equate to 1.3 and 1.6 mg fluoride (F)/L. However, 1.0 mg F/L, initially called a permissible level, was adopted for fluoridation programs. McClure, in 1943, derived an \"optimum\" fluoride intake based on this permissible concentration. It was not until 1944 that Dean referred to this concentration as the \"optimal\" concentration. These were critical steps that have informed health authorities through to today. Several countries have derived toxicological estimates of an adequate and an upper level of intake of fluoride as an important nutrient. The US Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1997 estimated an Adequate Intake (AI) of 0.05 mg F/kg bodyweight (bw)/d and a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of 0.10 mg F/kg bw/d. These have been widely promulgated. However, a conundrum has existed with estimates of actual fluoride intake that exceed the UL without the expected adverse fluorosis effects being observed. Both the AI and UL need review. Fluoride intake at an individual level should be interpreted to inform more nuanced guidelines for individual behavior. An \"optimum\" intake should be based on community perceptions of caries and fluorosis, while the ultimate test for fluoride intake is monitoring caries and fluorosis in populations.","PeriodicalId":7300,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Dental Research","volume":"29 2","pages":"144-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0022034517750592","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35846181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Guidelines for Fluoride Intake: First Discussant. 氟化物摄入指南:第一讨论者。

Advances in Dental Research Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517750590

E A Martinez-Mier

引用次数: 10

Current Guidance for Fluoride Intake: Is It Appropriate? 现行氟化物摄入量指南:是否合适?

Advances in Dental Research Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517750589

I Mejàre

{"title":"Current Guidance for Fluoride Intake: Is It Appropriate?","authors":"I Mejàre","doi":"10.1177/0022034517750589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517750589","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this report is to examine critically the appropriateness of the current guidance for fluoride intake in the population (0.05-0.07 mg F/kg bodyweight/d), consider whether changes to the current guidance are desirable, and suggest further research that will strengthen the evidence base for future decisions on guidance/advice in this area. The benefits and the risks of using fluoride particularly concern preschool children because it is at this age that excessive fluoride intake may result in dental fluorosis. Data from mostly cross-sectional studies show a wide variation in exposure and a considerable variation in the amount of fluoride ingested. Fluorosis, mostly mild, is commonly observed. For considering changes in current guidance, there is a need for more knowledge on the relationship between exposure to fluoride at an early age and the development of fluorosis. For that, prospective epidemiological studies with sufficiently large and representative samples of children are required. It is also important to study children in communities both with and without water fluoridation and to include populations where salt or milk fluoridation is used. There is also a need for professional agreement on acceptable levels of mild and moderate/severe fluorosis and a more comprehensive knowledge on the appreciation of mild fluorosis among the public.","PeriodicalId":7300,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Dental Research","volume":"29 2","pages":"167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0022034517750589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35846179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cariogenic Biofilm Microenvironment. 针对致龋性生物膜微环境的治疗策略

Advances in Dental Research Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517736497

Y Liu, Z Ren, G Hwang, H Koo

{"title":"Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cariogenic Biofilm Microenvironment.","authors":"Y Liu, Z Ren, G Hwang, H Koo","doi":"10.1177/0022034517736497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517736497","url":null,"abstract":"Cariogenic biofilms are highly structured microbial communities embedded in an extracellular matrix, a multifunctional scaffold that is essential for the existence of the biofilm lifestyle and full expression of virulence. The extracellular matrix provides the physical and biological properties that enhance biofilm adhesion and cohesion, as well as create a diffusion-modulating milieu, protecting the resident microbes and facilitating the formation of localized acidic pH niches. These biochemical properties pose significant challenges for the development of effective antibiofilm therapeutics to control dental caries. Conventional approaches focusing solely on antimicrobial activity or enhancing remineralization may not achieve maximal efficacy within the complex biofilm microenvironment. Recent approaches disrupting the biofilm microbial community and the microenvironment have emerged, including specific targeting of cariogenic pathogens, modulation of biofilm pH, and synergistic combination of bacterial killing and matrix degradation. Furthermore, new \"smart\" nanotechnologies that trigger drug release or activation in response to acidic pH are being developed that could enhance the efficacy of current and prospective chemical modalities. Therapeutic strategies that can locally disrupt the pathogenic niche by targeting the biofilm structure and its microenvironment to eliminate the embedded microorganism and facilitate the action of remineralizing agents may lead to enhanced and precise anticaries approaches.","PeriodicalId":7300,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Dental Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0022034517736497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35755744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53