{"title":"Possible Manifestation of Compact, Stable Dark Matter Objects in the Solar System","authors":"Yu. E. Pokrovsky","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624700977","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624700977","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of the possible influence of compact stable dark matter (DM) objects on the formation of solar activity cycles [1] has been continued in relation to a primordial black hole (PBH) with a mass on the order of asteroids or planetary satellites. The numerical calculations used the most accurate astronomical data on the orbits of the planets and asteroids in the Solar System. All the dynamical calculations of the Solar System have been carried out in the post-Newtonian approximation, which is particularly important for calculating the significantly eccentric orbit of PBH, which passes close to (and even inside) the Sun’s surface. Such calculations make it possible to use the Solar System as a detector for a possible dark matter planet. It is known [2] that astronomical ground data limit the total mass of dark matter objects within the orbit of Saturn to no more than <span>(1.7~, times {{10}^{{ - 10}}})</span> solar mass (~0.005 mass of the Moon or ~0.4 mass of the asteroid Ceres). It is shown that a PBH with a mass of <span>(sim {kern 1pt} 1~,, times {{10}^{{ - 10}}})</span> solar mass (<span>({{m}_{{{text{Sun}}}}})</span>) in a highly eccentric orbit with a period of 11 years can manifest itself as a trigger of a solar dynamo with a cyclic activity of 11 years. It is also shown that along a particular PBH orbit, the observed variations in solar activity are in good agreement with the available experimental data. Furthermore, the gravitational interaction of such a PBH with the Sun and other planets of the Solar System (in particular with Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) leads to an explanation of the Maunder and Dalton minima, and other long-term changes in the amplitudes of the solar activity cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 6","pages":"1383 - 1385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Principle of Relativity of Inertia in Both General and Entangled Relativities","authors":"O. Minazzoli","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624701132","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624701132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Entangled Relativity is a novel theory of relativity that offers a more economical approach than General Relativity. It successfully recovers both General Relativity and standard quantum field theory within a specific (yet generic) limit. Furthermore, Entangled Relativity precludes the existence of spacetime devoid of the matter that permeates it. Consequently, I argue that Entangled Relativity is not only preferable from the standpoint of Occam’s razor, due to its economical nature, but it also aligns more closely with Einstein’s original vision for a satisfactory theory of relativity.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 6","pages":"1488 - 1493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1063779624701132.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"General Solution of the Schrödinger Equation","authors":"M. N. Sergeenko","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624701168","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624701168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The wave equation in quantum mechanics and its general solution in the phase space are obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 6","pages":"1506 - 1510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mutual Dependence between a Bosonic Black Hole and Dark Matter and the Explanation of Asymptotically Flat Galaxy Rotation Curves","authors":"B. E. Meierovich","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624701004","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624701004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possibility of an equilibrium static state of a collapsed black hole, surrounded by dark matter, makes it possible to understand the existence of flat rotation curves of stars on the periphery of a galaxy. Under the dominant gravity, a Bose–Einstein condensate is the energetically most favourable state of an extremely compressed black hole. It turned out that the longitudinal vector field, as a wave function, adequately describes the observed manifestations of dark matter. Considering as an example a condensate of <i>Z</i>, <i>W</i>, and <i>H</i> bosons of the Standard Model of Elementary Particles (with rest energy of the order of 100 GeV), the dependence of rotation curves of stars on the mass of a black hole at the galaxy center was investigated. With this composition of the black hole of a mass on the order of the solar mass (2 ×10<sup>33</sup> g), the dark matter gives the dominant contribution to the gravitational field. In this case, the plateau on the galaxy rotation curve is explicitly expressed. As the black hole mass increases, a contribution to the gravity from the dark matter decreases, while a contribution from the black hole increases. The mass of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy is seven orders of magnitude greater than the solar mass. The contribution to the gravity from the black hole dominates. Therefore, in our galaxy, the rotation velocity of stars <span>(Vleft( r right))</span> as a function of radius decreases in proportion to <span>({1 mathord{left/ {vphantom {1 {sqrt r }}} right. kern-0em} {sqrt r }})</span> in accordance with Newton’s law.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 6","pages":"1401 - 1407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Interactions of Axion-Like Dark Matter with Standard Model Particles","authors":"A. Ya. Silenko","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624701089","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624701089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Axion-like dark matter interacts with particles like an axion. The axion is a hypothetical particle being a quant of pseudoscalar field. It has been originally postulated by Peccei and Quinn in 1977 to resolve the strong <span>(CP)</span> problem in QCD. If axions exist, they are of interest as a possible component of cold dark matter. The axion photon coupling distorts the electromagnetic field and leads to the inverse Primakoff effect which can be observed with haloscopes. <span>(CP)</span>-noninvariance of the axion-gluon coupling results in an appearance of oscillating nucleon EDMs which are proportional to the axion field. Axions manifest themselves in direct interactions with particles (so-called axion wind effect). We rigorously determine the relativistic spin dynamics defined by the pseudoscalar field of dark matter axions.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 6","pages":"1454 - 1459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. P. Serebrov, R. M. Samoilov, O. M. Zherebtsov, N. S. Budanov
{"title":"The Result of the Neutrino-4 Experiment, Sterile Neutrinos, Dark Matter, and the Standard Model Extended by Right-Handed Neutrinos","authors":"A. P. Serebrov, R. M. Samoilov, O. M. Zherebtsov, N. S. Budanov","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624700989","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624700989","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The analysis of results of the Neutrino-4 experiment and the data of the GALLEX, SAGE, and BEST experiments confirms the parameters of neutrino oscillations claimed by the Neutrino-4 experiment (<span>(Delta m_{{14}}^{2})</span> = 7.3 eV<sup>2</sup> and sin<sup>2</sup>2θ<sub>14</sub> = 0.36) and increases the confidence level up to 5.8σ. This sterile neutrino thermalizes in the cosmic plasma, contributes 5% to the energy density of the Universe, and can explain 15–20% of the dark matter. It is discussed that the extension of the neutrino model by introducing two more heavy sterile neutrinos in accordance with the number of types of active neutrinos, but with very small mixing angles to avoid the thermalization, makes it possible to explain the large-scale structure of the Universe and bring the contribution of sterile neutrinos to the Universe dark matter up to a level of 27%. The dynamic process of generation of the dark matter, consisting of three right-handed neutrinos, is presented. It is shown that the current astrophysical data on the <span>(^{4}{text{He}})</span> abundance make it impossible to draw a definite conclusion in favor of the model of three or four thermalized neutrinos.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 6","pages":"1386 - 1394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing General Relativity with Black Hole X-Ray Data","authors":"C. Bambi","doi":"10.1134/S106377962470103X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106377962470103X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The theory of General Relativity has successfully passed a large number of observational tests without requiring any adjustment from its original version proposed by Einstein in 1915. The past 8 years have seen significant advancements in the study of the strong-field regime, which can now be tested with gravitational waves, X-ray data, and black hole imaging. This is a compact and pedagogical review on the state-of-the-art of the tests of General Relativity with black hole X-ray data.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 6","pages":"1420 - 1425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S106377962470103X.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fundamental Physics Asks Philosophers New Questions","authors":"A. D. Panov","doi":"10.1134/S106377962470117X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106377962470117X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern fundamental physics poses new questions for philosophy, which, as it seems to us, have not yet received appropriate attention from philosophers of science. This paper formulates a number of such questions in order to present them to the attention, first of all, of professional philosophers. A rough list of the main themes is as follows: (1) Cosmic variance problem and the meaning of theoretical cosmology; (2) Epistemological status of the concept of multiverse in cosmology; (3) The operational status of quantum macrostates and the relation of this problem to cosmology; (4) The meaning of the physical reality in the “final theory”; (5) Criticism of the string theory in the relation with the item 4 above.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 6","pages":"1511 - 1516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Astrophysical Tests of General Relativity","authors":"A. F. Zakharov","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624701028","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624701028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At the initial stage of its development, general relativity (GR) was verified and confirmed in a weak gravitational field limit. However, with the development of astronomical observation technologies, GR predictions in a strong gravitational field began to be discussed and confirmed, such as the profile of the X-ray iron <span>(Kalpha )</span> line (in the case if the emission region is very close to the event horizon), the trajectories of stars near black holes and the shapes and sizes of shadows of supermassive black holes in M87* and Sgr A*. In 2005 it was predicted that a shadow formed near a supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center could be reconstructed from observations of ground based global VLBI system or ground—space interferometer acting in mm or sub-mm bands. In 2022 this prediction was confirmed since the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration reported about a shadow reconstructions for Sgr A*. In 2019 the EHT collaboration presented the first image reconstruction around the shadow for the supermassive black hole in M87. In 2021 the EHT collaboration constrained parameters (“charges”) of spherical symmetrical metrics of black holes from an allowed interval for shadow radius. In 2022 the EHT collaboration constrained charges of metrics for the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center. Earlier, we obtained analytical expressions for the shadow radius as a function of charge (including a tidal one) in the case of Reissner–Nordström metric. Based on results of the shadow size evaluation for M87* done by the EHT collaboration we constrained a tidal charge. We discussed opportunities to use shadows to test alternative theories of gravity and alternative models for galactic centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 6","pages":"1413 - 1419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1063779624701028.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. O. Agasian, Z. V. Khaidukov, M. S. Lukashov, Yu. A. Simonov
{"title":"Colour-Electric and Colour-Magnetic Confinement","authors":"N. O. Agasian, Z. V. Khaidukov, M. S. Lukashov, Yu. A. Simonov","doi":"10.1134/S1063779624701041","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063779624701041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The basic properties of the confinement mechanism in QCD—the temperature dependence of the spatial and temporal string tensions (<span>({{sigma }_{{text{s}}}}(T))</span> and <span>({{sigma }_{{text{E}}}}(T))</span>)—are studied in the framework of the Field Correlator Method (FCM). It is shown that both functions are connected respectively to the spatial and temporal parts of the vacuum gluon energy <span>({{epsilon }_{{text{s}}}})</span> and <span>({{epsilon }_{{text{E}}}})</span> which define their equal values at <span>(T = 0)</span>. However at <span>(T > 0)</span> the spatial part is growing with <i>T</i> while the temporal part is destroyed by the hadronic pressure at <span>(T = {{T}_{{text{c}}}})</span> (the deconfinement). Both properties are derived within the same method and are in a good agreement with the corresponding lattice data.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":"55 6","pages":"1426 - 1431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1063779624701041.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}