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From the First Observations of Cosmic Rays to the Physics of Relativistic Nuclei 从首次观测宇宙射线到相对论核物理
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700643
P. I. Zarubin
{"title":"From the First Observations of Cosmic Rays to the Physics of Relativistic Nuclei","authors":"P. I. Zarubin","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—Research of cosmic rays at the Physical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences resulted in the construction of the JINR Synchrophasotron. For this purpose the Electro physical Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences was founded in 1953, which became part of JINR in 1956 as the High Energy Laboratory. The initial milestones to develop experiments at the Laboratory on the Synchrophasotron are presented. Leaders and key participants in the experiments are highlighted, as well as the lessons and results relevant today.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The SHiP Experiment: the Problem of Multidimensional Muon Shielding Optimization SHiP实验：多维渺子屏蔽优化问题
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700382
E. O. Kurbatov, F. D. Ratnikov, E. D. Ursov
{"title":"The SHiP Experiment: the Problem of Multidimensional Muon Shielding Optimization","authors":"E. O. Kurbatov, F. D. Ratnikov, E. D. Ursov","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700382","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>SHiP (Search for Hidden Particles) is a new general purpose experiment on the SPS ring at CERN, which aims to search for hidden particles proposed by numerous theories beyond the Standard Model, potentially explaining dark matter, neutrino oscillations, and baryon asymmetry of the universe. SHiP is declared as a zero background experiment. The key element to achieve this is the muon shielding. On the one hand, it should provide good background suppression, and on the other hand, it should not be too heavy. This paper presents the results of obtaining muon shielding configurations using Bayesian optimization. This made it possible to reduce the background level by 2.5 times while maintaining the mass of shielding at the same level.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strong-Coupling Extrapolation of Gell-Mann–Low Functions 盖尔-曼低函数的强耦合外推法
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700576
V. I. Yukalov, E. P. Yukalova
{"title":"Strong-Coupling Extrapolation of Gell-Mann–Low Functions","authors":"V. I. Yukalov, E. P. Yukalova","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700576","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Gell-Mann–Low functions can be calculated by means of perturbation theory and expressed as truncated series in powers of asymptotically small coupling parameters. However, it is necessary to know there behavior at finite values of the parameter and, moreover, their behavior at asymptotically large coupling parameters is also important. The problem of extrapolation of weak-coupling expansions to the region of finite and even infinite coupling parameters is considered. A method is suggested allowing for such an extrapolation. The basics of the method are described and illustrations of its applications are given for the examples where its accuracy and convergence can be checked. It is shown that in some cases the method allows for the exact reconstruction of the whole functions from their weak-coupling asymptotic expansions. Gell-Mann–Low functions in multicomponent field theory, quantum electrodynamics, and quantum chromodynamics are extrapolated to their strong-coupling limits.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modern Microelectronics for MPD-ITS. Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors and Readout System 用于 MPD-ITS 的现代微电子技术。单片有源像素传感器和读出系统
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700692
Yu. A. Murin, C. Ceballos Sanchez
{"title":"Modern Microelectronics for MPD-ITS. Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors and Readout System","authors":"Yu. A. Murin, C. Ceballos Sanchez","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700692","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The development and production of relevant products in the microelectronics industry in Russia have been crucially dependent on foreign technologies for several decades. In the current scenario, the need to find a way to gain sanction-free access to cutting-edge electronic components from modern technological processes required for the experiments in the NICA complex seems obvious. The MPD-ITS project aims to achieve this goal by organizing a consortium of interested institutes in Russia and China coordinated by the VBLHEP JINR (Dubna) in Russia and the CCNU (Wuhan) in the People’s Republic of China representing several Chinese institutions for the joint development and production of state-of-the-art Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) for fundamental and applied science experiments, including ASICs-based front-end electronics from the GBTx family which is the standard in modern High Energy Physics experiments for its fast duplex data flow between the high radiation level experimental area and the remote on-line servers, thus making these technologies freely accessible to China and Russia. These chips will be the focus of collaborative research and development for the construction of the NICA setups to be used in fundamental and applied science projects i.e. the MPD Inner Tracking System, and a prototype of a clinical tomograph for the particle Computer Tomography (pCT) for the ARIADNA project. Here we present our current achievements and future developments.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence of Production of Twisted Particles in Heavy-Ion Collisions 重离子碰撞中产生扭曲粒子的普遍性
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700734
A. J. Silenko, P. Zhang, L. Zou
{"title":"Prevalence of Production of Twisted Particles in Heavy-Ion Collisions","authors":"A. J. Silenko, P. Zhang, L. Zou","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700734","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Particles produced in noncentral heavy-ion collisions are mostly twisted (vortex). They are created in electromagnetic and strong interactions. Particles emitted in strong interactions are twisted if initial interacting partons are in twisted states and are untwisted in the opposite case. A vorticity of nuclear matter plays an important role for the production of twisted particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two Particles Correlations in Ion Collisions 离子碰撞中的两粒子相关性
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700795
O. Rogachevsky, A. Bychkov, S. Hnatič
{"title":"Two Particles Correlations in Ion Collisions","authors":"O. Rogachevsky, A. Bychkov, S. Hnatič","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700795","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Two particles correlations are a useful tool to study the event structures of particle production in multiparticle events of particle interactions. Structures of events are caused by various mechanisms of particle production and could be separated with some global observables of the events. Examining event structures with these methods can give new insight into the nature of these interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cumulative Proton Production in p + C Interactions at 4.2 and 10 GeV/c and the Uncertainty Principle 4.2 和 10 GeV/c 下 p + C 粒子相互作用中的累积质子生成量与不确定性原理
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700783
Ts. Baatar, A. I. Malakhov, N. Khishigbuyan, B. Otgongerel, M. Sovd, G. Sharkhuu, R. Togoo, M. Urangua
{"title":"Cumulative Proton Production in p + C Interactions at 4.2 and 10 GeV/c and the Uncertainty Principle","authors":"Ts. Baatar, A. I. Malakhov, N. Khishigbuyan, B. Otgongerel, M. Sovd, G. Sharkhuu, R. Togoo, M. Urangua","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700783","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this paper we study the cumulative proton production in <span>(p + C)</span> interactions at <span>(4.2)</span> and 10 <span>({text{GeV/}}c)</span>. Cumulative protons in comparison with the noncumulative ones are produced at large values of the variable <span>({{n}_{{text{c}}}} &gt; 1)</span> and in this region the energy of cumulative protons also increases. The experimentally obtained values of the cumulative proton energies are compared with the estimations got by the formula of the uncertainty principle. It has been shown that the energy of cumulative protons obtained by using the formula of the uncertainty principle is in agreement with the experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neutron Reconstruction in the BM@N Experiment Using Machine Learning 利用机器学习在 BM@N 实验中重建中子
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700400
V. Bocharnikov, D. Derkach, M. Golubeva, F. Guber, S. Morozov, P. Parfenov, F. Ratnikov
{"title":"Neutron Reconstruction in the BM@N Experiment Using Machine Learning","authors":"V. Bocharnikov, D. Derkach, M. Golubeva, F. Guber, S. Morozov, P. Parfenov, F. Ratnikov","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700400","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>At present, new compact highly granular neutron detector is being developed for the BM@N experiment. This detector will be used to identify neutrons, to measure their energies using time-of-flight method, neutron yields and azimuthal flow of neutrons in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies up to 4 <i>A</i> GeV. Application of machine learning techniques and preliminary results of neutron identification and energy reconstruction are discussed. First predictions of the anisotropic flow of neutrons using the DCM-QGSM-SMM model of heavy-ion collisions are shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proton and Carbon-Ion Minibeam Therapy: From Modeling to Treatment 质子和碳离子微束疗法：从建模到治疗
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700606
I. A. Pshenichnov, U. A. Dmitrieva, S. D. Savenkov, A. O. Svetlichnyi
{"title":"Proton and Carbon-Ion Minibeam Therapy: From Modeling to Treatment","authors":"I. A. Pshenichnov, U. A. Dmitrieva, S. D. Savenkov, A. O. Svetlichnyi","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700606","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Arrays of minibeams of protons and <sup>12</sup>C in tissue-like media were modeled with Geant4 toolkit. A set of beam energies was used in simulations to provide a Spead-out Bragg peak (SOBP) extended by 6 cm in depth for protons as well as for <sup>12</sup>C. In both cases, beams of 0.3 or 0.5 mm FWHM were arranged at the entrance to a water phantom either on a rectangular or an hexagonal grid to compare two kinds of projectiles and different minibeam patterns. Differential and cumulative dose-volume histograms (DVH) were calculated and compared for protons and <sup>12</sup>C as dose uniformity metrics. A uniform dose distribution was easily achieved with protons due to an enhanced lateral scattering of these projectiles in comparison to <sup>12</sup>C. The cumulative DVHs calculated for 0.3 or 0.5 mm minibeams almost coincide in the target volume, but diverge for different grid patterns. In contrast, cumulative entry DVHs were found similar for both grid patterns, but different for 0.3 and 0.5 mm minibeams.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantum Phase Transitions in an Accelerated Medium 加速介质中的量子相变
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1134/s1063779624700709
G. Yu. Prokhorov, O. V. Teryaev, V. I. Zakharov
{"title":"Quantum Phase Transitions in an Accelerated Medium","authors":"G. Yu. Prokhorov, O. V. Teryaev, V. I. Zakharov","doi":"10.1134/s1063779624700709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063779624700709","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The usual Minkowski vacuum in an accelerated frame of reference is known to look like a “thermal bath” of particles. This effect is well known and called the Unruh effect, and is an analog of Hawking radiation in space with zero curvature. Thus, the Minkowski vacuum looks like a heated medium from the point of view of an accelerated observer, and the natural goal is to study the properties of such a medium in more detail. We show that if the Minkwoski vacuum is cooled, and we achieve a temperature below the Unruh temperature, then a phase transition occurs associated with the “fall beyond the horizon” of the lower Matsubara modes. This transition has many remarkable features, for example, for massless particles it is “polynomial,” and is also associated with the breaking of conformal symmetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":729,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Particles and Nuclei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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