{"title":"Use of deep eutectic solvents in microbial technology: A review.","authors":"Ayşe Ezgi Ünlü, Abdulkadir Keskin, Serpil Takaç","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new generation green solvents that fulfill most of the principles of green chemistry. A DES is a mixture formed by hydrogen bonds between two or more compounds, of which melting point is much lower than their constituents. They have unique properties such as high solvating capability, low vapor pressure, low toxicity, non-flammability, high thermal stability, easy preparation and being cost-effective. Furthermore, the properties of a DES can be designed for a specific application by proper combinations of their constituents; therefore, they are called \"designer solvents\" or \"tailor-made\" solvents. Deep eutectic solvents are successfully used in numerous fields including chemical reactions, biotransformations, bioactive compound extraction, gas absorption, nanoparticles synthesis, drug delivery, electrochemistry, electropolishing and electroanalysis, purification and production of biodiesel, and metal processing. Recently, with the increasing interest on green technologies, deep eutectic solvents have started to be used in applied microbiology. This review covers the applications of DESs in microbial technology as their utilization in fermentations and whole-cell biotransformations, extraction of bioproducts from the cells and cryopreservation of microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"131 ","pages":"91-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiya Hong, Junjie Deng, Jun Liu, Haiyan Zhong, Jiali Ren, Bo Zhou
{"title":"Research advances in yellow pigments derived from Monascus, an edible filamentous fungus.","authors":"Xiya Hong, Junjie Deng, Jun Liu, Haiyan Zhong, Jiali Ren, Bo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monascus spp., as an important model microorganism in food and medical research, has been used in China for thousands of years. Monascus spp. can produce many beneficial secondary metabolites, including pigments (food colorants), monacolins (cholesterollowering agents), γ -amino butyric acid (antihypertensive substance), and dimerumic acid (antioxidant), and some Monascus strains can also produce citrinin, a nephrotoxic metabolite. Currently, the main industrialized production through Monascus is monascus red pigment and monacolin K. The monascus yellow and orange pigments possessing high protein coloring ability and many biological effects have not been industrially produced by fermentation so far. However, to our knowledge, few systematic review related to monascus yellow pigments research have been reported. This paper provides a systematic review the breeding of Monascus strain and its fermentation processes optimization, the identification of monascus yellow pigments and their structures, the pharmacological properties and biosynthesis pathway of monascus yellow pigments. Finally, an academic view on the future of monascus yellow pigments from the perspective of industrialized production is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"132 ","pages":"83-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Metarhizium robertsii's mycelial consciousness gets its conidia Zen-ready for stress.","authors":"Drauzio Eduardo Naretto Rangel","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This memoir takes a whimsical ride through my professional adventures, spotlighting my fungal stress research on the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii, which transformed many of my wildest dreams into reality. Imagine the magic of fungi meeting science and me, a happy researcher, arriving at Utah State University ready to dive deep into studies with the legendary insect pathologist, my advisor Donald W. Roberts, and my co-advisor Anne J. Anderson. From my very first \"Aha!\" moment in the lab, I plunged into a vortex of discovery, turning out research like a mycelium on a mission. Who knew 18 h/day, seven days a week, could be so exhilarating? I was fueled by an insatiable curiosity, boundless creativity, and a perhaps slightly alarming level of motivation. Years later, I managed to bring my grandest vision to life: the International Symposium on Fungal Stress-ISFUS. This groundbreaking event has attracted 162 esteemed speakers from 29 countries to Brazil, proving that fungi can be both fun and globally fascinating. ISFUS is celebrating its fifth edition in 2024, a decade after its 2014 debut.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"129 ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ángela Machuca, Vicente A Hernández, Christian Deramond, Paulina Contreras-Machuca
{"title":"The colorful fungi of the Chilean forests: Production, chemical characterization and possible applications of their pigments.","authors":"Ángela Machuca, Vicente A Hernández, Christian Deramond, Paulina Contreras-Machuca","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Chile, as in the rest of the world, only a small fraction of the fungal diversity inhabiting the wide variety of its ecosystems is known. This diversity must hide an inestimable richness of species with interesting biotechnological potential, including fungal pigment producers. Recently, interest in filamentous fungi has increased significantly due to their importance as alternative sources of pigments and colorants that are environmentally and human health friendly. As a result, fungal pigments are gaining importance in various industrial applications, such as food, textiles, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc. The increasing consumer demand for \"green label\" natural colorants requires the exploration of different ecosystems in search of new fungal species that are efficient producers of different pigment with a wide range of colors and ideally without the co-production of mycotoxins. However, advances are also needed in pigment production processes through fermentation, scale-up from laboratory to industrial scale, and final product formulation and marketing. In this respect, the journey is still full of challenges for scientists and entrepreneurs. This chapter describes studies on pigment-producing fungi collected in the forests of central-southern Chile. Aspects such as the exploration of potential candidates as sources of extracellular pigments, the optimization of pigment production by submerged fermentation, methods of pigment extraction and purification for subsequent chemical characterization, and formulation (by microencapsulation) for potential cosmetic applications are highlighted. This potential use is due to the outstanding bioactivity of most fungal pigments, making them interesting functional ingredients for many applications. Finally, the use of fungal pigments for textile and spalting applications is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"128 ","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Barreiro, Silvia M Albillos, Carlos García-Estrada
{"title":"Penicillium chrysogenum: Beyond the penicillin.","authors":"Carlos Barreiro, Silvia M Albillos, Carlos García-Estrada","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Almost one century after the Sir Alexander Fleming's fortuitous discovery of penicillin and the identification of the fungal producer as Penicillium notatum, later Penicillium chrysogenum (currently reidentified as Penicillium rubens), the molecular mechanisms behind the massive production of penicillin titers by industrial strains could be considered almost fully characterized. However, this filamentous fungus is not only circumscribed to penicillin, and instead, it seems to be full of surprises, thereby producing important metabolites and providing expanded biotechnological applications. This review, in addition to summarizing the classical role of P. chrysogenum as penicillin producer, highlights its ability to generate an array of additional bioactive secondary metabolites and enzymes, together with the use of this microorganism in relevant biotechnological processes, such as bioremediation, biocontrol, production of bioactive nanoparticles and compounds with pharmaceutical interest, revalorization of agricultural and food-derived wastes or the enhancement of food industrial processes and the agricultural production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"127 ","pages":"143-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L Crespo, B Sede Lucena, F G Martínez, F Mozzi, M Pescuma
{"title":"Selenium bioactive compounds produced by beneficial microbes.","authors":"L Crespo, B Sede Lucena, F G Martínez, F Mozzi, M Pescuma","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element present as selenocysteine (SeCys) in selenoproteins, which have an important role in thyroid metabolism and the redox system in humans. Se deficiency affects between 500 and 1000 million people worldwide. Increasing Se intake can prevent from bacterial and viral infections. Se deficiency has been associated with cancer, Alzheimer, Parkinson, decreased thyroid function, and male infertility. Se intake depends on the food consumed which is directly related to the amount of Se in the soil as well as on its availability. Se is unevenly distributed on the earth's crust, being scarce in some regions and in excess in others. The easiest way to counteract the symptoms of Se deficiency is to enhance the Se status of the human diet. Se salts are the most toxic form of Se, while Se amino acids and Se-nanoparticles (SeNPs) are the least toxic and most bio-available forms. Some bacteria transform Se salts into these Se species. Generally accepted as safe selenized microorganisms can be directly used in the manufacture of selenized fermented and/or probiotic foods. On the other hand, plant growth-promoting bacteria and/or the SeNPs produced by them can be used to promote plant growth and produce crops enriched with Se. In this chapter we discuss bacterial Se metabolism, the effect of Se on human health, the applications of SeNPs and Se-enriched bacteria, as well as their effect on food fortification. Different strategies to counteract Se deficiency by enriching foods using sustainable strategies and their possible implications for improving human health are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"126 ","pages":"63-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140847663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in microbial astaxanthin production.","authors":"Cassamo U Mussagy","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work explores astaxanthin (AXT), a valuable xanthophyll ketocarotenoid pigment with significant health benefits and diverse applications across various industries. It discusses the prevalence of synthetic AXT, and the development of natural-based alternatives derived from microorganisms such as microalgae, bacteria, and yeast. The chapter examines the potential of microbial AXT production, highlighting the advantages and challenges associated with natural AXT. Key microorganisms like Haematococcus pluvialis, Paracoccus carotinifaciens, and Phaffia rhodozyma are emphasized for their role in commercially producing this valuable ketocarotenoid. The narrative covers the complexities and opportunities in microbial AXT production, from cell structure implications to downstream processing strategies. Additionally, the chapter addresses current applications, commercialization trends, and market dynamics of natural microbial AXT, emphasizing the importance of cost-effective production, regulatory compliance, and technological advancements to reduce the market cost of the final product. As demand for natural microbial-based AXT rises, this chapter envisions a future where research, innovation, and collaboration drive sustainable and competitive microbial AXT production, fostering growth in this dynamic market.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"128 ","pages":"105-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of synthetic biology strategies to promote biosynthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives.","authors":"Haiqian Yang, Jie Gao, Xiaowei Peng, Yejun Han","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatty acids and their derivatives are indispensable biomolecules in all organisms, and can be used as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, biofuels and pesticides, and thus their demand has increased dramatically in recent years. In addition to serving as structural components of cell membranes and metabolic energy, fatty acids and their derivatives can also be used as signal transduction and regulatory bioactive molecules to regulate cell functions. Biosynthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives through microbial catalysis provides green and alternative options to meet the goal. However, the low biosynthetic titer of fatty acids and their derivatives limits their industrial production and application. In this review, we first summarize the metabolic pathways and related enzymes of fatty acids and their derivatives biosynthesis. Then, the strategies and research progress of biosynthesis of fatty acids and derivatives through metabolic and enzyme engineering were reviewed. The biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids (medium chain fatty acids and long chain fatty acids), bioactive fatty acids (PUFAs, oxylipins, ether lipids), and their derivatives with microbial and enzymatic catalysis were respectively summarized. Finally, synthetic biology strategies to improve fatty acids and their derivatives production through enzyme rational design, carbon metabolism flux, cofactors balance, and metabolic pathways design were discussed. The review provides references and prospects for fatty acids and their derivatives biosynthesis and industrial production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"128 ","pages":"83-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subcellular biochemistry and biology of filamentous entomopathogenic fungi.","authors":"Sheng-Hua Ying","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Filamentous entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) function as important biotic factors regulating the arthropod population in natural ecosystems and have great potential as biocontrol agents in modern agriculture. In the infection cycle, EPF undergo a plethora of physiological processes, including metabolism (e.g., cuticle hydrolysis and nutrient utilization), development (e.g., dimorphism and conidiation), stress response (e.g., oxidative and osmotic stresses), and immune evasion from the host. In-depth explorations of the mechanisms involved in the lifecycle of EPF offer excellent opportunities to increase their virulence and stability, which increases the efficacy of EPF in biocontrol programs. This review discusses the current state of knowledge relating to the biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of organelles and subcellular structures in the physiology of EPF, as well as some suggestions for future investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"129 ","pages":"35-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Fomina, Olena Gromozova, Geoffrey Michael Gadd
{"title":"Morphological responses of filamentous fungi to stressful environmental conditions.","authors":"Marina Fomina, Olena Gromozova, Geoffrey Michael Gadd","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The filamentous growth mode of fungi, with its modular design, facilitates fungal adaptation to stresses they encounter in diverse terrestrial and anthropogenic environments. Surface growth conditions elicit diverse morphological responses in filamentous fungi, particularly demonstrating the remarkable adaptability of mycelial systems to metal- and mineral-rich environments. These responses are coupled with fungal biogeochemical activity and can ameliorate hostile conditions. A tessellated agar tile system, mimicking natural environmental heterogeneity, revealed negative chemotropism to toxic metals, distinct extreme growth strategies, such as phalanx and guerrilla movements and transitions between them, and the formation of aggregated re-allocation structures (strands, cords, synnemata). Other systems showed intrahyphal growth, intense biomineralization, and extracellular hair-like structures. Studies on submerged mycelial growth, using the thermophilic fungus Thielavia terrestris as an example, provided mechanistic insights into the morphogenesis of two extreme forms of fungal submerged culture-pelleted and dispersed growth. It was found that the development of fungal pellets was related to fungal adaptation to unfavorable stressful conditions. The two key elements affecting morphogenesis leading to the formation of either pelleted or dispersed growth were found to be (1) a lag phase (or conidia swelling stage) as a specific period of fungal morphogenesis when a certain growth form is programmed in response to morphogenic stressors, and (2) cAMP as a secondary messenger of cell signaling, defining the implementation of the particular growth strategy. These findings can contribute to knowledge of fungal-based biotechnologies, providing a means for controllable industrial processes at both morphological and physiological levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"129 ","pages":"115-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}