{"title":"Substrate effects on the growth, yield, and nutritional composition of edible mushrooms.","authors":"Thaynã Gonçalves Timm, Matheus Samponi Tucunduva Arantes, Eduardo Henrique Silva de Oliveira, Lorena Benathar Ballod Tavares, Álvaro Luiz Mathias, Vítor Renan da Silva, Cristiane Vieira Helm","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Edible mushrooms are a valuable source of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, essential elements, and bioactive compounds with significant nutraceutical benefits for human health. Their popularity has grown in recent years due to their gluten-free nature and essential amino acid profile, making them appealing to vegetarians, vegans, and individuals with celiac disease. The nutritional composition and biological efficiency of mushrooms depend on the species and production system, particularly the substrate used and cultivation conditions. This review explores how different substrates, particularly those containing agribusiness by-products, affect mushrooms' productivity, nutritional, and element content from the Agaricus, Lentinula, and Pleurotus genera. It underscores the importance of these mushrooms in the human diet and highlights how using agro-industrial wastes as substrates offers a sustainable cultivation method. This approach supports a circular bioeconomy, providing an ecologically and economically viable solution while aiding in waste recovery and minimizing environmental impacts associated with improper disposal of agro-industrial wastes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"130 ","pages":"159-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive review of steroid metabolism in Comamonas testosteroni TA441 with insights from other aerobic steroid-degrading bacteria.","authors":"Masae Horinouchi, Toshiaki Hayashi","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comamonas testosteroni TA441 is a model bacterium for aerobic steroid degradation. This review summarizes its steroid degradation pathways, including the genetic organization and enzymatic mechanisms involved in C17-side chain degradation, A,B-ring cleavage, and β-oxidation of B,C,D-rings. Comparative insights from other aerobic steroid-degrading bacteria highlight the evolutionary conservation of key enzymes. Understanding these pathways provides crucial insights into microbial steroid metabolism and its environmental significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"131 ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microbial synthesis of serotonin and melatonin.","authors":"Huiqin Wang, Zhangyu Liu, Xiaomei Sun, Xin Wang, Alei Zhang, Kequan Chen","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serotonin is a widely distributed monoamine neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in emotion regulation and management in animals. It also serves as a key intermediate in the melatonin biosynthesis pathway. Melatonin is crucial for circadian rhythm regulation, antioxidant defense, and plant growth as well as stress resistance. Both serotonin and melatonin are involved in signaling transduction pathways that modulate various nervous system activities. Currently, serotonin is primarily obtained through natural extraction and chemical synthesis. However, these methods are time-consuming, low-yielding, and environmentally unfriendly. In recent years, environmentally friendly bio-fabrication has garnered significant attention. Microbial synthesis, characterized by short growth cycles and eco-friendly production processes, has emerged as a promising platform for the synthesis of serotonin and melatonin. Nevertheless, the production yield of serotonin and melatonin in microorganisms remains insufficient to meet industrial production demands. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties and physiological functions of serotonin and melatonin with a focus on their biosynthesis. In addition, it examines recent advancements in microbial biosynthesis of serotonin and melatonin, identifies key bottlenecks limiting production efficiency, and proposes metabolic engineering strategies to enhance microbial synthesis efficiency, aiming for scalable industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"132 ","pages":"169-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tauseef K Babar, Travis R Glare, John G Hampton, Mark R H Hurst, Josefina Narciso
{"title":"Heads or tails? An insight into the nature of antibacterial proteins of entomopathogenic bacteria.","authors":"Tauseef K Babar, Travis R Glare, John G Hampton, Mark R H Hurst, Josefina Narciso","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial pesticides derived from entomopathogenic bacteria occupy the greater share of the global biopesticides market. Since the late 1990s, the exploration of such bacterial species has intensified and expanded beyond the well-described Bacillus thuringiensis to other spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria including Brevibacillus laterosporus and Lysinibacillus sphaericus. Among the non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacteria Chromobacterium spp., Serratia spp., and Pseudomonas spp. are of interest for their insect active properties. Unfortunately, all these bacterial species are susceptible to the effects of some putative antibacterial proteins (ABPs), including bacteria-eating viruses (phages), encapsulins, and phage tail-like bacteriocins (PTLBs). Phage-derived bacteriocins can be either contractile phage tail-like (R-type) or non-contractile tail-like (F-type) structures. Encapsulins, a class of high molecular-weight (HMW) putative ABPs resembling phage capsid or head-like structures have been identified in different bacterial species. These putative ABPs are known to pose a serious threat to the mass production of these useful bacteria by causing a collapse of the culture through lysis of the cells. For instance, B. thuringiensis specific phages can cause production batch failures ranging from 15 to 100%. Recently, the stunted growth of the insect pathogenic B. laterosporus strains 1821L and 1951 from New Zealand has been associated with production of HMW putative ABPs of 31.4 kDa, Linocin M18, and ∼48 kDa, phage-like element PBSX-protein XkdK. This article provides an overview of the biological attributes of the putative ABPs and their implications in harnessing the insecticidal potential of B. thuringienesis and the emerging biocontrol agent B. laterosporus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"132 ","pages":"1-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aldo-keto reductases, short chain dehydrogenases/reductases, and zinc-binding dehydrogenases are key players in fungal carbon metabolism.","authors":"Astrid Müller, Miia R Mӓkelӓ, Ronald P de Vries","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon metabolism is an essential process in fungal physiology, balancing energy availability, growth, and survival through the assimilation and breakdown of organic carbon sources. This review focuses on three major families of oxidoreductases that play central roles in fungal carbon metabolism: PF00248, PF00106, and PF00107. These enzymes are not only crucial for energy production but also for the synthesis and breakdown of complex organic molecules. PF00248, the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, is involved in a wide range of redox reactions, while PF00106 includes diverse short-chain reductase/dehydrogenases important for fungal growth and environmental adaptation. PF00107 comprises zinc-binding dehydrogenases with a role in processes such as alcohol metabolism and zinc uptake. These oxidoreductases are evolutionarily conserved with respect to amino acid sequence motifs but show significant genetic diversity across fungal species, reflecting their ecological adaptability and metabolic versatility. Understanding the functions within these enzyme families can enhance the design of efficient fungal cell factories for biotechnological applications, such as biofuel and biochemical production from plant biomass. This review highlights the importance of these enzymes in central carbon metabolism and their potential for industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"130 ","pages":"123-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organic (methyl-, ethyl-, phenyl-) and total mercury (Hg) in fungal biomass: The influence of species, substrates, source proximity and analytics on reported occurrences.","authors":"Jerzy Falandysz, Alwyn R Fernandes, Heesoo Eun","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercury occurs in inorganic and organic forms in abiotic and biotic environments, food and humans. Diet is a primary pathway to chronic exposure and the Hg content of food is regulated, including the three most cultivated edible fungi. The reliable determination of total Hg and organo-Hg compounds in fungi is therefore crucial from the regulatory and human exposure viewpoint. So far, no fungal species have been identified that exhibit mercury hyperaccumulation. Chronologically, external fungal biomass decomposition, elementary Hg<sup>0</sup> vapour generation and cold vapour-atomic absorption spectroscopy measurement was the first popular instrument technique used to measure Hg in mushrooms. In more recent time, chemical vapour generation - atomic fluorescence spectrometry is getting more popular. Radiochemical analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and electrochemical techniques (anodic stripping voltammetry, differential pulsed anodic stripping voltammetry and potentiometry) were occasionally used. More recently and going forward, ICP-MS technique that allow precise measurement of multiple elements including Hg simultaneously are likely to most widely used. For speciation studies of Hg in fungal biomass, CV-AAS and a variation of the instrumental couplings of gas- and liquid chromatography (combined with chemical vapor generation) and non-chromatographic separations with various detectors have been used. From the use of L-cysteine as a complexing agent to the quantitative capture and determination of MeHg in various matrices, a number of applications, modifications and updates to the methodology have been introduced since then. L-cysteine has the potential to capture MeHg, EtHg and PhHg or possibly any organo-Hg compound in a sample extract.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"130 ","pages":"1-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detoxification of mycotoxins by microorganisms.","authors":"Jimena A Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by a wide variety of filamentous fungi. These compounds are toxic to humans and animals, and, in several cases, also to invertebrates, plants and microbial cells. Contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins can occur at different stages of the production chain, thus making mycotoxins a very important dietary risk factor. Various methods based on physical and chemical principles can be implemented to mitigate mycotoxin contamination. However, these methods possess two important disadvantages: the generation of toxic residues and the alteration of the nutritional and palatability qualities. Several bacterial and fungal species can detoxify mycotoxins by adsorption and/or biotransformation. Adsorption implies the interaction of the mycotoxin with a cellular component, while biotransformation is the chemical modification of the toxin. There are plenty of examples that demonstrate that detoxification of mycotoxins employing microbial cells or microbial enzymes is an environmentally friendly, efficient, specific and safe method. This chapter focuses on the biological detoxification of structurally different mycotoxins by adsorption to microbial cells or microbial biotransformation. It includes a comprehensive review of the discovery of the most critical mycotoxins, the use of probiotics to remove mycotoxins by surface adsorption, and the microbial biotransformation reactions, products, and mechanisms known to date that result in the detoxification of aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, patulin and fusaric acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"131 ","pages":"21-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of deep eutectic solvents in microbial technology: A review.","authors":"Ayşe Ezgi Ünlü, Abdulkadir Keskin, Serpil Takaç","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new generation green solvents that fulfill most of the principles of green chemistry. A DES is a mixture formed by hydrogen bonds between two or more compounds, of which melting point is much lower than their constituents. They have unique properties such as high solvating capability, low vapor pressure, low toxicity, non-flammability, high thermal stability, easy preparation and being cost-effective. Furthermore, the properties of a DES can be designed for a specific application by proper combinations of their constituents; therefore, they are called \"designer solvents\" or \"tailor-made\" solvents. Deep eutectic solvents are successfully used in numerous fields including chemical reactions, biotransformations, bioactive compound extraction, gas absorption, nanoparticles synthesis, drug delivery, electrochemistry, electropolishing and electroanalysis, purification and production of biodiesel, and metal processing. Recently, with the increasing interest on green technologies, deep eutectic solvents have started to be used in applied microbiology. This review covers the applications of DESs in microbial technology as their utilization in fermentations and whole-cell biotransformations, extraction of bioproducts from the cells and cryopreservation of microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"131 ","pages":"91-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiya Hong, Junjie Deng, Jun Liu, Haiyan Zhong, Jiali Ren, Bo Zhou
{"title":"Research advances in yellow pigments derived from Monascus, an edible filamentous fungus.","authors":"Xiya Hong, Junjie Deng, Jun Liu, Haiyan Zhong, Jiali Ren, Bo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monascus spp., as an important model microorganism in food and medical research, has been used in China for thousands of years. Monascus spp. can produce many beneficial secondary metabolites, including pigments (food colorants), monacolins (cholesterollowering agents), γ -amino butyric acid (antihypertensive substance), and dimerumic acid (antioxidant), and some Monascus strains can also produce citrinin, a nephrotoxic metabolite. Currently, the main industrialized production through Monascus is monascus red pigment and monacolin K. The monascus yellow and orange pigments possessing high protein coloring ability and many biological effects have not been industrially produced by fermentation so far. However, to our knowledge, few systematic review related to monascus yellow pigments research have been reported. This paper provides a systematic review the breeding of Monascus strain and its fermentation processes optimization, the identification of monascus yellow pigments and their structures, the pharmacological properties and biosynthesis pathway of monascus yellow pigments. Finally, an academic view on the future of monascus yellow pigments from the perspective of industrialized production is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"132 ","pages":"83-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ángela Machuca, Vicente A Hernández, Christian Deramond, Paulina Contreras-Machuca
{"title":"The colorful fungi of the Chilean forests: Production, chemical characterization and possible applications of their pigments.","authors":"Ángela Machuca, Vicente A Hernández, Christian Deramond, Paulina Contreras-Machuca","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Chile, as in the rest of the world, only a small fraction of the fungal diversity inhabiting the wide variety of its ecosystems is known. This diversity must hide an inestimable richness of species with interesting biotechnological potential, including fungal pigment producers. Recently, interest in filamentous fungi has increased significantly due to their importance as alternative sources of pigments and colorants that are environmentally and human health friendly. As a result, fungal pigments are gaining importance in various industrial applications, such as food, textiles, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc. The increasing consumer demand for \"green label\" natural colorants requires the exploration of different ecosystems in search of new fungal species that are efficient producers of different pigment with a wide range of colors and ideally without the co-production of mycotoxins. However, advances are also needed in pigment production processes through fermentation, scale-up from laboratory to industrial scale, and final product formulation and marketing. In this respect, the journey is still full of challenges for scientists and entrepreneurs. This chapter describes studies on pigment-producing fungi collected in the forests of central-southern Chile. Aspects such as the exploration of potential candidates as sources of extracellular pigments, the optimization of pigment production by submerged fermentation, methods of pigment extraction and purification for subsequent chemical characterization, and formulation (by microencapsulation) for potential cosmetic applications are highlighted. This potential use is due to the outstanding bioactivity of most fungal pigments, making them interesting functional ingredients for many applications. Finally, the use of fungal pigments for textile and spalting applications is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"128 ","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}