Weiwei Tang, Jingjing Shui, Li Cao, Dongxin Guo, Wenyu Su, Jiahui Jiang, Honggui Wen, Guanlin Liu, Lingyu Wan
{"title":"Multi-Mode Hybrid Generator Utilizing Gravitational, Magnetic, and Inertial Forces Synergistically","authors":"Weiwei Tang, Jingjing Shui, Li Cao, Dongxin Guo, Wenyu Su, Jiahui Jiang, Honggui Wen, Guanlin Liu, Lingyu Wan","doi":"10.1002/adsu.202500175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The summary has been shortened to the following: The integration of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and electromagnetic generators (EMGs) is an effective strategy for constructing high-performance blue energy harvesters. However, in conventional hybrid nanogenerators, TENGs and EMGs function independently, lacking a cooperative effect. This, combined with suboptimal spatial efficiency, restricts their overall output performance. In this study, a compact, multi-mode hybrid generator (MMHG) is proposed composed of free standing TENGs, contact-separation TENGs, and EMGs. These generators leverage the synergistic interaction between gravitational, magnetic, and inertial forces. On a six-degree-of-freedom platform, the free-standing TENG and the contact-separation TENG achieve the maximum transferred charges of 83 and 187 nC respectively, while the EMG reachs peak open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of 4.59 V and 1.94 mA, achieving a peak power density of 125.41 W m<sup>−3</sup>. Triggered by water waves in lab, 5-integrated MMHGs charge a 10 mF capacitor to 3.59 V within 158 s. In the real ocean, the free-standing TENG and the contact-separation TENG achieve maximum transferred charges of 81.17 and 184.7 nC respectively, with the EMG reaching maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of 2.87 V and 1.42 mA. The MMHG efficiently harvests ocean wave energy, serving as a good reference for the development of self-powered marine devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":7294,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mairui Zhang, Yang Liao, Nara Han, Seoku Lee, Gyu Leem, Kwang Ho Kim, Xuejun Pan, Jeong Jae Wie, Chang Geun Yoo
{"title":"Upcycling Industrial Biomass Wastes Into Aerogels Using Zinc Chloride Salt Hydrates (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 4/2025)","authors":"Mairui Zhang, Yang Liao, Nara Han, Seoku Lee, Gyu Leem, Kwang Ho Kim, Xuejun Pan, Jeong Jae Wie, Chang Geun Yoo","doi":"10.1002/adsu.202570041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202570041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Upcycling Industrial Biomass Waste</b></p><p>This cover image demonstrates an innovative method to upcycle unrecyclable biomass waste, such as food packaging and rejected fibers, into high-performance aerogels using zinc chloride salt hydrate. The process eliminates the need to separate impurities, which instead enhances the aerogel's mechanical and thermal properties. More details of this work can be found in article number 2400688 by Jeong Jae Wie, Chang Geun Yoo, and co-workers.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":7294,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsu.202570041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Öyküm Başgöz, Ahmet Güngör, Ömer Güler, Emre Erdem
{"title":"High-Entropy Alloys and Oxides as Supercapacitor Electrodes: A Structural and Electrochemical Perspective for Energy Storage","authors":"Öyküm Başgöz, Ahmet Güngör, Ömer Güler, Emre Erdem","doi":"10.1002/adsu.202500201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500201","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the performance of high entropy alloys [Fe<sub>3</sub>Cr<sub>3</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>NiV, HEA)] and high entropy oxides [(Fe<sub>3</sub>Cr<sub>3</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>NiV)O<sub>4</sub>, HEO)] as electrode materials for supercapacitors. HEA is synthesized through mechanical alloying, followed by HEO forming via an oxidation process. XRD results demonstrate HEA comprises both amorphous and crystalline phases, whereas HEO has an entirely crystalline structure. SEM analyses showed HEA exhibits larger and irregular particles, whereas HEO displays a smaller and spherical morphology. EPR analyses revealed significant changes in defect structures and unpaired electron configurations during the transition from HEA to HEO. HEA is prone to diffusion-controlled processes due to their regular structure and strong magnetic interactions; however, HEO exhibits capacitive behavior based on surface redox reactions and pseudo-capacitive mechanisms due to their irregular structure and oxygen vacancies. CV analyses revealed that HEO contributes more capacitive via surface redox reactions, while GCPL results suggested that HEO demonstrated superior energy density (40.8 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>) and power density (14.3 kW kg<sup>−1</sup>). Impedance analyses revealed that HEO exhibited reduced internal resistance and enhanced ion conductivity, whereas HEA demonstrated higher resistance and diffusion-controlled processes. In conclusion, HEA and HEO exhibit distinct energy storage mechanisms, and these materials can be optimized for supercapacitor applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7294,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsu.202500201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanaz Khademolqorani, Kinjal J Shah, Mandana Dilamian, Ahmed I. Osman, Esra Altiok, Shohreh Azizi, Ilunga Kamika, Yuxin Yang, Fatma Yalcinkaya, Andre Yvaz, Seyedeh Nooshin Banitaba
{"title":"Innovative Integration of Layered Carbon Materials in Biopolymer Fibrous Membranes for Sustainable Water Treatment","authors":"Sanaz Khademolqorani, Kinjal J Shah, Mandana Dilamian, Ahmed I. Osman, Esra Altiok, Shohreh Azizi, Ilunga Kamika, Yuxin Yang, Fatma Yalcinkaya, Andre Yvaz, Seyedeh Nooshin Banitaba","doi":"10.1002/adsu.202500035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change and socioeconomic shifts are straining water resources, threatening public welfare and ecosystems, making it crucial to address hazardous pollutants in industrial wastewater before they enter the environment. Amidst the global transition toward a circular bioeconomy, biopolymers have emerged as a promising alternative to synthetic polymeric membranes. Their biodegradability into harmless byproducts positions them as eco-friendly options. Biopolymeric materials, particularly in fibrous forms, offer exceptional flux and permeability, enhanced resistance to fouling, and highly selective filtration. Their remarkable specific surface area and interconnected porous structure make them a superior choice for advanced filtration applications. A progressive advancement in this domain unfolds by integrating carbon-based materials into biopolymeric filtration membranes. Represented by materials like MXene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes, such fillers augment biopolymeric membranes, offering exceptional attributes such as remarkable surface area, superior adsorption and ion exchange capabilities, selective permeability, chemical versatility, and antibacterial features. This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of engineering biopolymeric membranes, emphasizing their evolution into efficient structures for wastewater treatment. It also explores the synergistic amalgamation of biopolymeric networks with carbon-based nanostructures, highlighting their collective potential in advancing environmentally conscious green membranes and achieving the ultimate objective of ensuring clean water resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":7294,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsu.202500035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sichang Wang, Xiaodong Ji, Zibo Chen, Yunfa Si, Yongyi Ji, Wanglei Xian, Cheng Chen, Huihui Jin, Daping He
{"title":"Enhanced Roughness of Graphene Foam for Optimizing Surface Active Copper With Efficient Electrochemical Detection of Nitrate","authors":"Sichang Wang, Xiaodong Ji, Zibo Chen, Yunfa Si, Yongyi Ji, Wanglei Xian, Cheng Chen, Huihui Jin, Daping He","doi":"10.1002/adsu.202500104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In light of the growing concern over nitrate pollution, developing convenient and efficient electrochemical sensors for nitrate ions is crucial for enhancing the monitoring of drinking water and food safety. To improve the sensitivity and stability of copper-based electrodes for nitrate detection, the ultra-high conductivity graphene foam developed by the group is utilized as a supporting electrode for copper. By increasing the surface roughness of the graphene foam, its binding interaction with copper is enhanced, which significantly improved electron transfer efficiency and stability in the composite electrode during electrochemical nitrate detection. Concretely, the roughened graphene foam surface promotes the formation of a dense copper layer and a higher content of Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> as well as oxygen defects, which enhances nitrate adsorption and further improves detection sensitivity. The resulting composite electrode achieves an impressive detection limit of 1.78 µ<span>m</span>. This study demonstrates that optimizing the surface roughness of graphene foam can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of composite electrodes, offering valuable insights for the design and development of next-generation, highly active composite electrodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7294,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imane Belyamani, Layla Gripon, Eric Lafranche, Laurent Cauret
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of the Adhesion Interface in Injection Overmolding of Virgin ABS with Debrominated ABS from Post-Consumer E-Waste","authors":"Imane Belyamani, Layla Gripon, Eric Lafranche, Laurent Cauret","doi":"10.1002/adsu.202500002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing volume of waste electrical and electronic equipment (commonly known as e-waste or WEEE) plastics presents significant environmental and regulatory challenges, particularly due to the presence of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This study presents groundbreaking research on the mechanical recycling of brominated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) derived from real post-consumer WEEE. It evaluates the effectiveness of BFR extraction and explores the feasibility of simulating injection overmolding using the debrominated polymer. The extraction process achieves BFR removal rates exceeding 94%, reducing the final BFR content, mainly those identified as persistent organic pollutants (BFR-POPs), to below 50 ppm, thus complying with Directive 2019/1021/EU. Compared to virgin ABS (vABS), the debrominated ABS maintains its physico-chemical characteristics with increased elastic modulus, stress at yield, and stress at break, although impact toughness is reduced. Moldflow simulations reveal that the polymer interface temperature and duration above ABS's glass transition temperature are insufficient for optimal polymer chain auto-diffusion. To maximize interlayer adhesion, both mold and material temperatures must be increased. These findings confirm the technical feasibility of BFR removal and reuse of ABS in value-added applications, contributing to sustainable material development and circular economy objectives for WEEE plastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7294,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nguyen Le Minh Khoa, Yasser Vasseghian, Sang-Woo Joo
{"title":"Piezo-Photocatalytic Approach for Pollutant Removal Using PZT-MgAl LDH-GO Hierarchical Nanocomposites","authors":"Nguyen Le Minh Khoa, Yasser Vasseghian, Sang-Woo Joo","doi":"10.1002/adsu.202500031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective and recyclable water treatment technologies are crucial for practical heavy metal removal. Photocatalysis an improved oxidation process is widely used in energy production and environmental remediation. However, the reaction efficiency of photocatalysis is restricted by the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, and although it is promising under solar light illumination conditions, it remains challenging because of the seasonal variations, weather conditions, and diurnal cycles. Alternatively, piezo catalysis, transferring mechanical to chemical energy, is vital for environmental cleansing and energy regeneration. Therefore, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) with a MgAl layered double hydroxide and graphene oxide (GO) is prepared herein for efficient piezo-photocatalytic. The proposed material PZT-MgAl-GO is used in combination with UV light and sonication to remove hazardous metallic Cr(VI) species. The reduction efficiencies of Cr(VI) increase in the order of PZT<MgAl-GO<PZT-MgAl-GO. The Cr(VI) amount decreases by ≈99% through a process involving both sonication and UV light exposure. The main active species for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) are assumed to be e<sup>−</sup> and •O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> radicals. With these advantages a high decomposition ratio, simple preparation method, and its use under UV light and sonication PZT-MgAl-GO is considered a potential material for removing heavy metals from wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":7294,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Amin, Rudra P. Singh, Adarsh K. Mourya, Sakshi R. Barad, Atul V. Wankhade
{"title":"Tuning Optical and Electronic Property via M-S-Si (M = Zn, In) Interface Charge Mediator in ZIS/DFNS for Efficient Reductive Water Splitting under Visible Light Irradiation","authors":"Mohd Amin, Rudra P. Singh, Adarsh K. Mourya, Sakshi R. Barad, Atul V. Wankhade","doi":"10.1002/adsu.202500153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study describes the synthesis of a novel ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/DFNS (ZIS/DFNS) through a hydrothermal method, featuring a spherical morphology. The synthesized DFNS (dendritic fibrous nanosilica) mesoporous silica spheres display a distinctive fibrous structure and uniform distribution. Characterization of the ZIS/DFNS nanocomposites confirms the presence of ZIS and amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub>. The material exhibits notable optoelectronic properties and charge separation by forming an M-S-Si (M = Zn, In) interface, making it suitable for photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light. 20%ZIS/DFNS nanocomposite alone achieves a hydrogen generation of 5770.54 µmol g<sup>−1</sup>. However, when combined with Pt as a co-catalyst, the hydrogen generation significantly increases to 9887.84 µmol g<sup>−1</sup> over 5 h, using Na<sub>2</sub>S and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub> as a hole scavenger. This enhancement is due to DFNS's exceptional light-harvesting ability, which results from multiple light-scattering events, as well as the efficient dispersion of ZIS on its fibrous surface. This dispersion enhances water diffusion and interaction with active catalytic sites. This study provides a novel perspective on developing advanced photocatalytic systems by integrating ZIS nanomaterials, which possess an optimal bandgap of 3.1 eV for photocatalytic water splitting, with DFNS, known for its high light-harvesting capability due to its fibrous structure and increased surface area.</p>","PeriodicalId":7294,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisa Emanuele, Alexander G. Agrios, Alessandro Alleva, Valentina Bonanni, Regina Ciancio, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Francesco Guzzi, George Kourousias, Andrea Li Bassi, Andrea Macrelli, Paolo Ronchese, Iram Sifat, Milan Žižić, Benedetto Bozzini
{"title":"Carbon-Cloth Supported ZnO Nanorods as Binder-Free Zinc-Ion Battery Anodes: An Investigation into the Electrode Formation Process","authors":"Elisa Emanuele, Alexander G. Agrios, Alessandro Alleva, Valentina Bonanni, Regina Ciancio, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Francesco Guzzi, George Kourousias, Andrea Li Bassi, Andrea Macrelli, Paolo Ronchese, Iram Sifat, Milan Žižić, Benedetto Bozzini","doi":"10.1002/adsu.202400921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202400921","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zinc-based batteries are emerging as promising alternatives to mainstream technologies due to their superior safety, cost-effectiveness, and abundance of raw materials. However, zinc anodes, exhibit insufficient cycle life and low utilization in aqueous electrolytes, mainly owing to shape change and passivation. While nanostructuring of Zn anodes has been explored for Zn-Ni rechargeable alkaline batteries, no explicit electrochemical studies have elucidated how nanostructures, fabricated in the oxidized state, are reduced during the initial formation step, yielding elemental Zn. In this work, a hydrothermal synthesis of freestanding electrodes is proposed, based on vertically aligned ZnO nanorods grown directly on carbon cloth (CC) (<b>ZnO/CC</b>). ZnO nanostructuring mitigates passivation, while the carbon cloth fiber network confines soluble Zn(II) intermediates, hindering diffusion into the electrolyte bulk. Moreover, the CC substrate provides optimal electronic contact to the active material, and acts as a built-in current collector. This work investigates the evolution of ZnO/CC during the first electrochemical reduction cycle, with emphasis on morphochemical nanostructure changes rather than establishing a benchmark anode. Electrochemical measurements are combined with advanced characterization techniques, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray absorption hyperspectral imaging via scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and ptychography at the Zn L-edge. This multimodal approach offers unprecedented insights into the ZnO-to-Zn reduction to guide future Zn-ion anode design.</p>","PeriodicalId":7294,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsu.202400921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Advances of Ruthenium-Based Electrocatalysts for Industrial Water Electrolyzers","authors":"Wentao Zhou, Chen Gu, Lingbin Xie, Longlu Wang","doi":"10.1002/adsu.202500237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting is considered to be a key strategic energy technology, and proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) and anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) are ideal technologies for green hydrogen production in recent years. However, PEMWEs and AEMWEs lack low-cost and high-performance acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts respectively, limiting their large-scale development. Recently, ruthenium (Ru)-based electrocatalysts have received a lot of attention because their activity is better than that of commercial catalysts and their price is more affordable, showing great potential in acidic OER and alkaline HER. However, there are still obstacles for Ru-based electrocatalysts in practical applications of industrial water electrolyzers, and regulatory strategies need to be developed to further optimize its performance. Herein, a comprehensive review is presented concerning it. First, its fundamental principles that focus the basic content of industrial water electrolyzers and the application potential of Ru-based electrocatalysts are discussed. Then, regulatory strategies of Ru-based electrocatalysts for PEMWEs and AEMWEs are summarized, providing a detailed analysis to elucidate their mechanisms, properties, and applications in industrial water electrolyzers. Finally, the outlooks for prospects and challenges in the future are proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7294,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}