Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale最新文献_第6页

What is a clinical trial protocol? 什么是临床试验方案?

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-04-01

Andrea Cipriani, Corrado Barbui

引用次数: 0

Service user perspectives on the impact of a mental illness diagnosis. 服务使用者对精神疾病诊断影响的看法。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1121189x00000841

Diana Rose, Graham Thornicroft

{"title":"Service user perspectives on the impact of a mental illness diagnosis.","authors":"Diana Rose, Graham Thornicroft","doi":"10.1017/s1121189x00000841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000841","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To provide a conceptual and practical analysis of the impacts of mental health diagnoses on consumers and to consider how service users might contribute to the new psychiatric classifications currently being drawn up.Methods: A search was carried out revealing a very sparse literature on this topic. Consultations with service users were conducted and the views of experts sought.Results: Diagnosis is important as it marks the formal status of psychiatric patient being conferred. Consumers react differently, and often, negatively to this. Stigma can follow from a diagnosis. The process of giving a diagnosis can range from one of negotiation and taking the person's strengths into account to the blunt allocation of an unwanted label. Consumers can be reduced to their diagnosis so it becomes their whole personhood and this can have an effect on their sense of self. However, consumers are not passive victims and have their own strategies for dealing with these issues.Conclusion: Consumers can use these experiences to make contributions to the new diagnostic classification systems and to future research.","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 2","pages":"140-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s1121189x00000841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29284562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 56

Development and validation of a Stress-related Vulnerability Scale 压力相关脆弱性量表的开发和验证

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1121189X00000889

L. Tarsitani, F. Battisti, M. Biondi, A. Picardi

{"title":"Development and validation of a Stress-related Vulnerability Scale","authors":"L. Tarsitani, F. Battisti, M. Biondi, A. Picardi","doi":"10.1017/S1121189X00000889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1121189X00000889","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades, an impressive body of literature has documented the noxious effects of emotional stress on mental and physical health (Lovallo, 2004). Also, evidence is accumulating that social relationships can have a positive impact on health (Cohen et al., 2000). Further, stress and support might interact, and an influential theoretical perspective hypothesizes that the belief that support is available reduces the noxious effects of stress on health. This is commonly referred to as the ‘stress buffering hypothesis’ and is supported by many studies (Lakey & Cohen, 2000). In stress research, there is an influential tradition which focuses on individuals' subjective evaluations of their abilities to cope with the demands posed by specific events or experiences, with an emphasis on perceived stressfulness of such events (Cohen et al., 1995). The literature on social support also suggests that the subjective perception of support has particular importance, as perceived support rather than objective support is associated with lower levels of autonomic activity, better immunosurveillance, and lower basal levels of stress hormones (Uchino et al., 1996). Several validated measures of perceived stress and perceived social support are available. However, there is a scarcity of instruments assessing both perceived stress and support that are short enough to be used in busy clinical routines. In this paper, we report about the development and validation of a short self-completed questionnaire, named Stress-related Vulnerability Scale (SVS), which enquires about both perceived stress and social support.","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 1","pages":"178 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1121189X00000889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57440960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

[Family members' assessment of community mental health services: a survey in four Italian regions]. [家庭成员对社区精神卫生服务的评估:意大利四个地区的调查]。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-04-01

Alessia Bajoni, Angelo Barbato, Barbara D'Avanzo, Ernesto Muggia

引用次数: 0

Diagnosis and treatment of depression in patients with advanced illness. 晚期抑郁症患者的诊断与治疗。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-04-01

Susan D Block

{"title":"Diagnosis and treatment of depression in patients with advanced illness.","authors":"Susan D Block","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews common sources of suffering in patients with advanced illness, identifies challenges in appropriately diagnosing and treating depression in this setting, and examines the relationship between depression and other key clinical outcomes in the setting of advanced disease. A systematic literature review was conducted. Most of the existing research on patients with advanced illness has been conducted with cancer patients. Approximately 18 percent of patients with advanced illness meet criteria for major or minor depression; multiple psychiatric co-morbidities occur frequently. Prevalence rates increase as patients become sicker. However, depression is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated in the setting of advanced illness. One of the key clinical challenges is differentiating depression from grief. Both psychosocial and psychopharmacologic interventions have been shown to be effective in treating depression in patients with advanced cancer. In conclusion, depression is a regular complication of advanced illness, reduces quality of life, compromises family member function, interferes with treatment decisions, and may shorten survival. However, numerous effective treatment approaches, including both medications and psychotherapy, exist and can be used to alleviate depression.","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 2","pages":"103-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29286788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The potential role of the parietal lobe in schizophrenia 顶叶在精神分裂症中的潜在作用

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1121189X00000816

M. Bellani, A. Ferro, P. Brambilla

引用次数: 16

Delinquency in context; neighbourhood and gender interactions among adolescents. 犯罪语境;青少年之间的邻里和性别互动。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-04-01

Marjan Drukker, Charles D Kaplan, Frans J M Feron, Jim Van Os, Andries Korebrits

{"title":"Delinquency in context; neighbourhood and gender interactions among adolescents.","authors":"Marjan Drukker, Charles D Kaplan, Frans J M Feron, Jim Van Os, Andries Korebrits","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Delinquency among adolescents and antecedent conduct disorder among children has been recognized as a growing public mental health problem in contemporary societies. The contribution of the neighbourhood environment to delinquent behaviour was examined in a cohort of Dutch adolescents (aged approximately 11 years at baseline; n = 394).Methods: Multilevel regression analyses estimated associations between baseline neighbourhood socioeconomic status and social capital, and delinquent behaviour two years later controlling for individual-level variables.Results: A significant interaction effect was found between neighbourhood environment variables and gender in models of delinquency, indicating that associations between neighbourhood environment variables and delinquency were apparent, for the most part, in girls only. However, higher level of neighbourhood informal social control was associated with increased delinquency rates in boys.Conclusion: In girls there is a longitudinal association between neighbourhood characteristics and delinquency, suggesting complex gender differences in the way the wider social environment impacts on behavioural outcomes.","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 2","pages":"148-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29284563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The need for closure in caregivers of people with psychosis. 精神病患者照护者的封闭需求。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-04-01

Juliana Onwumere, Elizabeth Kuipers, Paul Bebbington, Graham Dunn, Daniel Freeman, David Fowler, Philippa Garety

{"title":"The need for closure in caregivers of people with psychosis.","authors":"Juliana Onwumere, Elizabeth Kuipers, Paul Bebbington, Graham Dunn, Daniel Freeman, David Fowler, Philippa Garety","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study was to determine how carer need for closure relates to expressed emotion. It also examined the links between carer need for closure and patient functioning including patient need for closure.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 70 caregivers of patients with psychosis completed the Need for Closure Scale (NFCS), the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) and measures of distress, burden, coping and social network. The NFCS was assessed in terms of its two primary dimensions: a need for simple structure (NFSS) and Decisiveness. Patients also completed measures of psychotic symptoms and affect, and in 50 matched caregiver patient dyads, direct comparisons were undertaken between caregiver and patient NFCS scores.Results: No links were found between caregiver NFC and EE in this predominately low EE sample. More decisive carers had higher levels of self esteem, were less distressed, and resorted less to avoidant coping. The need for simple structure was greater in carers who lacked a confidante. As predicted, patients reported significantly higher NFSS and lower Decisiveness scores than carers, but no relationship was observed between caregiver NFC and patient symptoms of psychosis.Conclusions: Carers reporting confident decision making were also more likely to report adaptive functioning in terms of having lower levels of avoidant coping and distress, and higher levels of self esteem. The results suggest that this style of thinking might be a helpful way of coping with some of the difficulties involved in caring for someone with psychosis. D","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 2","pages":"159-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29284564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The need for closure in caregivers of people with psychosis 精神病患者照护者的封闭需求

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1121189X00000865

J. Onwumere, E. Kuipers, P. Bebbington, G. Dunn, D. Freeman, D. Fowler, P. Garety

{"title":"The need for closure in caregivers of people with psychosis","authors":"J. Onwumere, E. Kuipers, P. Bebbington, G. Dunn, D. Freeman, D. Fowler, P. Garety","doi":"10.1017/S1121189X00000865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1121189X00000865","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Aim – The aim of the study was to determine how carer need for closure relates to expressed emotion. It also examined the links between carer need for closure and patient functioning including patient need for closure. Methods – In a cross-sectional study, 70 caregivers of patients with psychosis completed the Need for Closure Scale (NFCS), the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) and measures of distress, burden, coping and social network. The NFCS was assessed in terms of its two primary dimensions: a need for simple structure (NFSS) and Decisiveness. Patients also completed measures of psychotic symptoms and affect, and in 50 matched caregiver patient dyads, direct comparisons were undertaken between caregiver and patient NFCS scores. Results – No links were found between caregiver NFC and EE in this predominately low EE sample. More decisive carers had higher levels of self esteem, were less distressed, and resorted less to avoidant coping. The need for simple structure was greater in carers who lacked a confidante. As predicted, patients reported significantly higher NFSS and lower Decisiveness scores than carers, but no relationship was observed between caregiver NFC and patient symptoms of psychosis. Conclusions – Carers reporting confident decision making were also more likely to report adaptive functioning in terms of having lower levels of avoidant coping and distress, and higher levels of self esteem. The results suggest that this style of thinking might be a helpful way of coping with some of the difficulties involved in caring for someone with psychosis.","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 1","pages":"159 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1121189X00000865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57440865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Development and validation of a Stress-related Vulnerability Scale. 压力相关脆弱性量表的开发和验证。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-04-01

Lorenzo Tarsitani, Francesca Battisti, Massimo Biondi, Angelo Picardi

引用次数: 0