Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale最新文献

Introduzione 介绍

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1017/S1121189X00010265

Giovanni de Girolamo, M. Bellini, S. Bocchia, M. Ruggeri

{"title":"Introduzione","authors":"Giovanni de Girolamo, M. Bellini, S. Bocchia, M. Ruggeri","doi":"10.1017/S1121189X00010265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1121189X00010265","url":null,"abstract":"La Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), messa a punto per la prima volta da Overhall & Gorham nel 1962, ha rappresentato per tre decadi il 'cavallo di battaglia' degli strumenti di ricerca in psichiatria sia negli Stati Uniti che in Europa (Ventura et al., 1993). E proprio grazie alPimpiego di questo strumento di valutazione della psicopatologia che sono state condotte gran parte delle ricerche volte a valutare l'efficacia di interventi sia farmacologici che psicosociali. Numerosi ricercatori hanno indagato le proprieta psicometriche di questo strumento, anche attraverso l'analisi fattoriale (Guy et al., 1975; Overall & Beller, 1984, Overall et al., 1967). La scala, a tutt'oggi tradotta in numerose lingue, e stata anche impiegata in progetti di monitorizzazione computerizzata dell'assistenza clinica (Overall et al., 1987), ed e servita come prototipo per lo sviluppo di altre scale, quali la Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (Kay et al., 1987) e la Psychiatric Symptom Assessment Scale (PSAS) (Bigelow & Berthot, 1989). Si tratta, pertanto, di uno strumento di collaudata attendibilita e di largo impiego, il cui successo e stato decretato anche dalla indiscutibile facilita del suo utilizzo.","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1121189X00010265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44994154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Patterns of experienced and anticipated discrimination in patients with schizophremia. Italian results from the INDIGO international multisite project]. 精神分裂症患者经历和预期的歧视模式。意大利的结果来自INDIGO国际多站点项目]。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-10-01

Davide Maggiolo, Chiara Buizza, Michela Vittorielli, Mariangela Lanfredi, Giuseppe Rossi, Alessandro Ricci, Alessia Cicolini, Antonio Lasalvia

{"title":"[Patterns of experienced and anticipated discrimination in patients with schizophremia. Italian results from the INDIGO international multisite project].","authors":"Davide Maggiolo, Chiara Buizza, Michela Vittorielli, Mariangela Lanfredi, Giuseppe Rossi, Alessandro Ricci, Alessia Cicolini, Antonio Lasalvia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To describe patterns of experienced and anticipated discrimination in a sample of schizophrenic patients recruited in Italy in the context of the International Study of Discrimination and Stigma Outcomes (INDIGO).Methods: Cross-sectional survey on a sample of 50 people with clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia recruited in the Italian INDIGO sites of Verona and Brescia. The 41-item interview-based Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC-10), which assesses how experienced and anticipated discrimination affects the life of people with schizophrenia, was used.Results: The most frequently occurring areas of experienced discrimination were discrimination by family members (44%), making and keeping friends (33%), keeping (36%) and finding a job (34%), getting or keeping a driving licence (32%). Anticipated discrimination was common in applying for work, training or education (58%), looking for close relationships (50%) and doing something important (48%); 68% felt the need to conceal their diagnosis. Positive experiences were rare, and getting welfare benefits/disability pensions was the only area where participants reported being treated with advantage (34%) more commonly than with disadvantage (8%). Overall, experienced discrimination reported by Italian patients was in the intermediate position of the score range of all INDIGO sites, whereas anticipated discrimination was lower than that reported in the other countries.Conclusions: Interventions to reduce discrimination against people with schizophrenia may need to address both actual and anticipated discrimination. Targeted therapeutic strategies aiming to improve self-esteem of people with schizophrenia may be useful to facilitate their social participation and full inclusion in the community.","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29673029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Employees with mental health problems: Survey of U.K. employers' knowledge, attitudes and workplace practices. 有心理健康问题的雇员:英国雇主的知识、态度和工作实践调查。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-10-01

Elaine Brohan, Claire Henderson, Kirsty Little, Graham Thornicroft

{"title":"Employees with mental health problems: Survey of U.K. employers' knowledge, attitudes and workplace practices.","authors":"Elaine Brohan, Claire Henderson, Kirsty Little, Graham Thornicroft","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate whether employers who have experience of hiring people with mental health problems differ significantly from those without such experience in terms of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding mental health in the workplace, and the concerns which they report about employing people with mental health problems. We also examine whether non-workplace social contact is associated with the above variables.Methods: A telephone survey was conducted with a randomly selected sample of British employers. The sample included a similar number of human resource managers and managers/executive employees in other roles.Results: 502 employers took part. Having employed someone with a mental health problem was associated with closer non-workplace social contact. Those with experience of employing applicants with mental health problems had significant differences in knowledge (regarding the law), and behaviour (having a policy on hiring applicants with disabilities) but not in attitudes.Conclusions: Non-workplace social contact may be useful to consider in understanding hiring practices. The nature of social contact at work and possible lack of impact of this contact on employer attitudes and concerns warrants further study. Greater support is needed for employers to understand the law regarding mental health problems in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29673508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute in-patient care in modern, community-based mental health services. Where and how? 现代社区精神卫生服务的急性住院治疗。在哪里，怎么做?

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-10-01

Antonio Lasalvia, Michele Tansella

引用次数: 0

Inpatient psychiatry: why do we need it? 住院精神病学:我们为什么需要它?

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-10-01

Lloyd I Sederer

引用次数: 0

Brain anatomy of major depression I. Focus on hippocampus. 重度抑郁症的脑解剖1 .海马。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-10-01

Marcella Bellani, Monica Baiano, Paolo Brambilla

引用次数: 0

[Adults foster family care in Italian mental health services: a survey]. [成人寄养家庭在意大利心理健康服务:一项调查]。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-10-01

Gianfranco Aluffi, Marco Zuffranieri, Elena Amistà, Pier Maria Furlan, Luca Ostacoli, Rocco Luigi Picci

引用次数: 0

Improving the quality of acute inpatient care. 提高急性住院病人的护理质量。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1121189x00000609

Paul Lelliott, Sarah Bleksley

{"title":"Improving the quality of acute inpatient care.","authors":"Paul Lelliott, Sarah Bleksley","doi":"10.1017/s1121189x00000609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000609","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past ten years, the National Health Service in England has introduced home treatment teams throughout the country. Despite this, and the fact that England now has the fourth lowest number of beds per capita in Europe, no mental health service has been able to dispense with acute admission beds altogether. One unintended consequence of new investment in community alternatives to inpatient care is that the threshold for admission has risen and acute wards now accommodate a patient group that is more severe with regard to levels of disturbance and social disadvantage. This has compounded the challenge of providing high quality inpatient care and repeated national surveys suggest that acute admission wards are the weakest link in the English mental healthcare system. In response to this, the Royal College of Psychiatrists has established an accreditation scheme for acute admission wards. Only 22 of the first 132 wards to have completed the review process so far are considered to be excellent. Although 59 wards (45% of the total) failed to meet one or more essential standard, 43 of these were able to rectify the problem.","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s1121189x00000609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29672978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Assessing risk of bias in randomized controlled trials. 评估随机对照试验的偏倚风险。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-10-01

Marianna Purgato, Corrado Barbui, Andrea Cipriani

引用次数: 0

The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy: a literature review. 电休克治疗的有效性:文献综述。

Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1121189x00000671

John Read, Richard Bentall

{"title":"The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy: a literature review.","authors":"John Read, Richard Bentall","doi":"10.1017/s1121189x00000671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000671","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To review the literature on the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy [ECT], with a particular focus on depression, its primary target group.Methods: PsycINFO, Medline, previous reviews and meta-analyses were searched in an attempt to identify all studies comparing ECT with simulated-ECT [SECT].Results: These placebo controlled studies show minimal support for effectiveness with either depression or 'schizophrenia' during the course of treatment (i.e., only for some patients, on some measures, sometimes perceived only by psychiatrists but not by other raters), and no evidence, for either diagnostic group, of any benefits beyond the treatment period. There are no placebo-controlled studies evaluating the hypothesis that ECT prevents suicide, and no robust evidence from other kinds of studies to support the hypothesis.Conclusions: Given the strong evidence (summarised here) of persistent and, for some, permanent brain dysfunction, primarily evidenced in the form of retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and the evidence of a slight but significant increased risk of death, the cost-benefit analysis for ECT is so poor that its use cannot be scientifically justified.","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s1121189x00000671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29673510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 120