Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale最新文献

{"title":"Assessing risk of bias in randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Marianna Purgato,&nbsp;Corrado Barbui,&nbsp;Andrea Cipriani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Even though randomised controlled trials are the design of choice for evaluating the efficacy of health care interventions, they are not immune to bias that may affect research process and validity of results. In the present paper we discussed how trial quality may be appraised considering both whether a clinical trial is reported in a comprehensive and complete way (consistently with what had been declared in the study protocol), and whether the characteristics of the trial itself are associated with risk of bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 4","pages":"296-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29672981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy: a literature review.","authors":"John Read,&nbsp;Richard Bentall","doi":"10.1017/s1121189x00000671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To review the literature on the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy [ECT], with a particular focus on depression, its primary target group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PsycINFO, Medline, previous reviews and meta-analyses were searched in an attempt to identify all studies comparing ECT with simulated-ECT [SECT].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These placebo controlled studies show minimal support for effectiveness with either depression or 'schizophrenia' during the course of treatment (i.e., only for some patients, on some measures, sometimes perceived only by psychiatrists but not by other raters), and no evidence, for either diagnostic group, of any benefits beyond the treatment period. There are no placebo-controlled studies evaluating the hypothesis that ECT prevents suicide, and no robust evidence from other kinds of studies to support the hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the strong evidence (summarised here) of persistent and, for some, permanent brain dysfunction, primarily evidenced in the form of retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and the evidence of a slight but significant increased risk of death, the cost-benefit analysis for ECT is so poor that its use cannot be scientifically justified.</p>","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 4","pages":"333-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s1121189x00000671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29673510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is locating acute wards in the general hospital an essential element in psychiatric reform? The U.K. experience.","authors":"Jonathan Totman,&nbsp;Farhana Mann,&nbsp;Sonia Johnson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Locating psychiatric wards in general hospitals has long been seen in many countries as a key element in the reform of services to promote community integration of the mentally ill. In the U.K., however, this is no longer a policy priority, and the recent trend has been towards small freestanding inpatient units, located either within the communities they serve, or on general hospital sites, but separate from the main building. Whether locating the psychiatric wards in the general hospital is essential to psychiatric reform has been little discussed, and we can find no relevant evidence. Perceived strengths of general hospital psychiatric wards are in normalisation of mental health problems, accessibility to local communities, better availability of physical health care resources, and integration of psychiatry with the rest of the medical profession, which may faclilitate recruitment. However, difficulties seem to have been encountered in establishing well-designed psychiatric wards with access to open space in general hospitals. Also, physical proximity may not be enough to achieve the desired reduction in stigma, and complaints from the general hospital may sometimes result in undue restrictions on psychiatric ward patients. There are strong arguments both for and against locating psychiatric wards in general hospitals: an empirical evidence base would be helpful to inform important decisions about the best setting for wards.</p>","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 4","pages":"282-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29672977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Operative protocol of a stepped care intervention for group and brief therapy of depression in comorbidity with physical diseases. Presentation].","authors":"Mirella Ruggeri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 4","pages":"360-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29673034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The DECO-TRE project: a model of integrated stepped-care intervention for the treatment of depression in comorbidity with physical diseases at general hospitals and in basic medicine].","authors":"Katia De Santi,&nbsp;Davide Cappellari,&nbsp;Francesca Ballette,&nbsp;Mirella Ruggeri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 4","pages":"362-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29673036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The Italian version of ISOS and RSQ, two suitable scales for investigating recovery style from psychosis].","authors":"Nicola Poloni,&nbsp;Camilla Callegari,&nbsp;Aldo Buzzi,&nbsp;Francesca Aletti,&nbsp;Federico Baranzini,&nbsp;Francesca Vecchi,&nbsp;Simone Vender","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 4","pages":"352-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29673033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a new spatial analysis tool in mental health: identification of highly autocorrelated areas (hot-spots) of schizophrenia using a Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm model (MOEA/HS).","authors":"Carlos R García-Alonso,&nbsp;Luis Salvador-Carulla,&nbsp;Miguel A Negrín-Hernández,&nbsp;Berta Moreno-Küstner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study had two objectives: (1) to design and develop a computer-based tool, called Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm/Hot-Spots (MOEA/HS), to identify and geographically locate highly autocorrelated zones or hot-spots and which merges different methods, and (2) to carry out a demonstration study in a geographical area where previous information about the distribution of schizophrenia prevalence is available and which can therefore be compared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Local Indicators of Spatial Aggregation (LISA) models as well as the Bayesian Conditional Autoregressive Model (CAR) were used as objectives in a multicriteria framework when highly autocorrelated zones (hot-spots) need to be identified and geographically located. A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) model was designed and used to identify highly autocorrelated areas of the prevalence of schizophrenia in Andalusia. Hot-spots were statistically identified using exponential-based QQ-Plots (statistics of extremes).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Efficient solutions (Pareto set) from MOEA/HS were analysed statistically and one main hot-spot was identified and spatially located. Our model can be used to identify and locate geographical hot-spots of schizophrenia prevalence in a large and complicated region.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MOEA/HS enables a compromise to be achieved between different econometric methods by highlighting very special zones in complex areas where schizophrenia shows a high autocorrelation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 4","pages":"302-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29673506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do financial incentives increase treatment adherence in people with severe mental illness? A systematic review","authors":"A. Burton, Stamatina Marougka, S. Priebe","doi":"10.1017/S1121189X00001160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1121189X00001160","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Aim – To identify whether financial or material incentives improve treatment adherence in people with severe mental illness. Method – A systematic review of studies published between 1950 and 2008 was conducted. EMBASE, MEDLINE, EBM, AMED and PsycINFO were searched. Studies were included if a financial or material incentive was offered and if the sample had a severe mental illness. Results – Fourteen articles were identified; three studies on adherence to psychiatric treatment and one on physical exercise. Ten articles used incentives for adherence to substance misuse treatment programmes. In all studies, financial incentives were associated with an increase in adherence; however the effect was not always maintained once the incentive was withdrawn. Conclusion – While existing research suggests that financial incentives may improve treatment adherence in severely mentally ill populations, very few studies focus on psychiatric treatment. Further research may address the long term effectiveness of incentives on adherence in this population. Declaration of Interest: The authors on this paper were supported by funds from the Wellcome Trust. All authors worked on a Wellcome Trust funded qualitative focus group study exploring stakeholder views on offering patients financial incentives to adhere to antipsychotic medication. Priebe is also lead applicant on a National Institute of Health Research (England) (NIHR) awarded grant to conduct a clinical trial on the use of financial incentives to achieve maintenance antipsychotic medication adherence.","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 1","pages":"233 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1121189X00001160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57441927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Editors of psychiatric journals perceive their role? A follow-up appraisal seven years after","authors":"M. Tansella","doi":"10.1017/S1121189X0000107X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1121189X0000107X","url":null,"abstract":"Nel 2003 EPS ha pubblicato sei Editoriali, scritti dagli Editor di sei riviste di psichiatria, che erano stati invitati a descrivere il loro lavoro e i principali problemi da loro incontrati nel far fronte a vari aspetti del loro compito. Nella mia lettera di invito non avevo fatto domande specifiche. Il mio scopo era semplicemente quello di raccogliere i punti di vista di cinque Editor di riviste internazionali molto diffuse e di grande tradizione, e quello di un Editor di una nuova rivista internazionale, organo ufficiale della World Psychiatric Association, che era uscita a Febbraio dell’anno precedente. Coloro che erano stati invitati erano gli Editor di Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (Povl Munk Jorgenesen), di Psychological Medicine (Eugene Paykel), di Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (Giovanni A. Fava), di Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology (Paul Bebbington) e di World Psychiatry (Mario Maj). Questi sei Editor, che operavano tutti in Europa, potevano verosimilmente essere considerati rappresentativi di una visione europea sul tema in questione. Il titolo della mia presentazione degli Editoriale era Dirigere una rivista di psichiatria in un mondo in cambiamento. Come previsto, in quella presentazione non fu possibile fare confronti tra le diverse opinioni espresse e riassumere in un unico quadro le analisi fatte indipendentemente dai vari Editor. La maggior parte di quelle analisi erano ovviamente descrittive, dedicate ad aspetti diversi: come fare e come far circolare una rivista, come perseguire l’eccellenza e migliorare l’Impact Factor, se scegliere tra una revisione degli articoli in aperto o in cieco, il probabile passaggio, nel futuro prossimo, a versioni on line delle riviste, il problema del conflitto di interesse e della credibilità delle riviste di medicina, le difficoltà nel mediare le relazioni tra gli autori e i referee, la necessità di aumentare l’accesso dello “psichiatra medio” alle riviste internazionali, ed altro ancora. Nell’estate del 2099 ho pensato che sarebbe stato interessante ripetere lo stesso esercizio a distanza di sette anni e ho invitato di nuovo gli Editor di quattro delle sette riviste (Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, il British Journal of Psychiatry, In 2003 EPS published six Editorials, written by the Editors of six psychiatric Journal that were invited to describe their job and the main problems they were facing in dealing with various aspects of their task. In my letter of invitation to the other Editors I did not ask any specific question. My goal was simply to collect the views of the Editors of five widely read and well established international journals and of the Editor of a new one, recently launched (the official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association, just appeared in February 2002). They were the Editors of Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (Povl Munk Jorgensen), The British Journal of Psychiatry (Greg Wilkinson), Psychological Medicine (Eugene Paykel), Psychotherapy and Psychosomat","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 1","pages":"189 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1121189X0000107X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57441815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EPS volume 19 issue 3 Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1121189x00001056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00001056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72946,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale","volume":"19 1","pages":"f1 - f4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s1121189x00001056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57441358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}