Physics of Atomic Nuclei最新文献

{"title":"Ensuring the Operation of the Atomic Beam Injector of a Tokamak with Reactor Technologies","authors":"E. V. Grabovski,&nbsp;I. A. Barykov,&nbsp;M. E. Gromova,&nbsp;N. B. Rodionov,&nbsp;V. V. Kolmogorov,&nbsp;I. V. Shikhovtsev","doi":"10.1134/S1063778826130107","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778826130107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At present, work is underway to create a complex of a tokamak with reactor technologies (TRT). An atomic beam is considered as one of the main tools of additional heating of tokamak plasma. Three twin deuterium injectors are proposed for the TRT. The complex injector system requires an appropriate infrastructure. The paper proposes solutions for maintaining the injectors in the TRT experimental hall, engineering of power supply systems, cryogenic systems, cooling systems, pumping facilities, and others.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"89 1","pages":"S96 - S101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Capabilities for Ensuring Radiation Safety of Personnel at the T-15MD Facility during Operation with Deuterium Fuel","authors":"P. A. Kizub,&nbsp;R. O. Efremov,&nbsp;R. S. Khalikov,&nbsp;V. I. Shpinkov,&nbsp;P. A. Blokhin,&nbsp;P. P. Khvostenko,&nbsp;N. A. Kirneva,&nbsp;A. P. Khvostenko","doi":"10.1134/S1063778826130120","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778826130120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, the T-15MD tokamak is successfully conducting research on hydrogen plasma in accordance with the recently published Program [1]. One of the possible ways to further develop the T-15MD tokamak is to conduct experimental campaigns using deuterium fuel. Deuterium pulses will be accompanied by the release of D–D fusion reaction neutrons, which, as a result of radiation capture by the structural materials, will lead to the formation of a source of prompt gamma quanta, and the activation and transmutation of materials will lead to the release of secondary gamma radiation. The appearance of these radiation sources necessitates the selection of technical means and organizational measures to ensure the radiation safety conditions. The paper presents the calculated configurations of the radiation shield that is considered optimal and ensures the practical feasibility and safety of personnel working at the T-15MD tokamak using deuterium fuel.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"89 1","pages":"S110 - S120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing of AlN–TiB2 Ceramics by Pulsed-Periodic Thermal Load Possible in Fusion Devices","authors":"D. E. Cherepanov,&nbsp;A. V. Burdakov,&nbsp;L. N. Vyacheslavov,&nbsp;M. A. Golosov,&nbsp;A. A. Kasatov,&nbsp;G. G. Lazareva,&nbsp;V. E. Loryan,&nbsp;V. A. Popov,&nbsp;G. A. Ryzhkov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778826130065","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778826130065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Experimental studies involving multiple (~10⁴ cycles) exposures of ELM-like pulses revealed key erosion patterns in AlN–TiB₂ composite ceramics. The primary degradation mechanism was found to be damage to the aluminum-containing phase, while significant erosion of refractory TiB₂ occurred only after substantial removal of the low-melting-point component consisting of free aluminum and aluminum nitride. Although the aluminum-containing phase demonstrates relatively low thermal shock resistance, it plays a crucial role by filling pores and enhancing both thermal conductivity and mechanical strength of the material. For practical implementation of TiB₂-based materials, two key challenges must be addressed: optimization of additive materials and refinement of manufacturing processes to reduce material porosity. The use of aluminum-containing materials in plasma-facing components of deuterium–tritium fusion devices may lead to accumulation of the long-lived radioactive ²⁶Al isotope. Nevertheless, the results obtained demonstrate the potential of composite materials combining refractory and low-melting-point constituents.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"89 1","pages":"S56 - S68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Plasma-Forming Gas Injection into the Interelectrode Gap of the MK-200 Plasma Gun","authors":"E. Z. Biriulin,&nbsp;V. Yu. Tsybenko,&nbsp;I. M. Poznyak,&nbsp;I. A. Aliabev,&nbsp;D. A. Toporkov,&nbsp;S. V. Karelov,&nbsp;D. A. Burmistrov","doi":"10.1134/S106377882613003X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106377882613003X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At the SRC RF TRINITI (Moscow, Troitsk), a plasma gun with a new gas injection system is being developed as part of the task of creating a neutron source. In the new injection system, gas is injected into the working volume using fast-acting valves in the direction from the outer to the inner electrode. This establishes the gas distribution with the increased density near the central electrode. A Laval nozzle is used to achieve azimuthal uniformity of the flow. The objective of this work has been to study the plasma-forming gas injection into the interelectrode gap of the new plasma gun. In the course of the study, a numerical model of the injection system has been developed. The hydrodynamic equation system is solved using the finite volume method on a moving mesh, which made it possible to take into account the motion of the gas valve stem. The gas-dynamic variables on the next time layer are calculated using an implicit scheme. The gas pressure distribution in the interelectrode gap is measured with pressure transducers, and the gas flow parameters are estimated. Based on the results obtained, the numerical model is validated. The developed numerical model adequately describes the behavior of the gas flow in the interelectrode gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"89 1","pages":"S29 - S39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies of Ultraviolet Radiation from Hydrogen-Xenon Plasma at the Plasma Focus Facility","authors":"V. I. Krauz,&nbsp;A. N. Gritsuk,&nbsp;V. V. Myalton,&nbsp;A. M. Kharrasov,&nbsp;Yu. V. Vinogradova","doi":"10.1134/S1063778826130132","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778826130132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper explores the potential of plasma focus facilities for developing a test setup for X-ray optic elements for extreme ultraviolet lithography. It is shown that the ISPF-M facility, using a hydrogen-xenon mixture as the working gas, provides a pulsed source of extreme ultraviolet radiation with a peak intensity in the region of ≈11 nm, and the integrated radiation output in the range of 10–12 nm per pulse can reach ≥10 J.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"89 1","pages":"S121 - S127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Current Leads of a Facility for Testing Coils of Thermonuclear Devices","authors":"D. N. Diev,&nbsp;Ya. V. Goltyapin,&nbsp;A. I. Kondratyuk,&nbsp;A. V. Naumov,&nbsp;A. V. Polyakov,&nbsp;R. S. Rzaev,&nbsp;D. S. Yashkin","doi":"10.1134/S1063778826130077","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778826130077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Development of thermonuclear devices requires constant experimental iterations both at the level of constructional materials and at the level of whole systems and their elements. Building testing facilities able to perform superconducting magnet systems of a thermonuclear reactor test is an important task of high priority, since providing certain experimental options can shift the whole concept of thermonuclear energy development. Powering systems of such facilities are the key elements that define the specialization of the facility as a whole. This article describes the structural parts and development process of 40 kA HTS current leads that are under construction for superconducting coils of various sizes intended for use in testing facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"89 1","pages":"S69 - S75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Superconducting Subcables for High-Current Cables","authors":"D. N. Diev,&nbsp;V. V. Guryev,&nbsp;A. V. Naumov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778826130089","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778826130089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Creating large scale magnet systems for thermonuclear fusion devices requires new approaches for development of superconducting cables. Owing to a number of specific properties of high-temperature superconductors, such superconducting cables cannot be based on the well-developed template of low-temperature cables. In this paper, we describe the concept of so called subcables—prefabricated stabilized stacks of HTS tapes. The process of development is described, as well as experimental properties of different samples of subcables: the paper shows different designs of subcables as well as the means for their production; critical current measurements at liquid nitrogen temperature for different bending diameters are described. The paper discusses the results and gives conclusions on future usage of subcables for high-current cables.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"89 1","pages":"S76 - S82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusion Safety Regulation: Analysis of Approaches Suggested Worldwide and Their Applicability in Russia","authors":"L. A. Bolshov,&nbsp;I. I. Linge,&nbsp;V. I. Shpinkov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778826130041","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778826130041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article considers approaches to fusion safety regulation accepted or suggested worldwide. Substantial differences in approaches used in individual countries are demonstrated. Mild regulatory regimes may be considered an advantage in a “fusion race”, especially if private investment is involved. At the same time, substantial uncertainties remain that hinder safety justification for fusion facilities. Failure to adequately address these uncertainties may have adverse implications for fusion development worldwide. A number of approaches currently suggested internationally may be recommended for implementation into Russian regulatory practices, including: gradual licensing of fusion facility with license conditions limiting allowed facility parameters at each stage, wider use of graded approach and consideration of a broader range of safety justification methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"89 1","pages":"S40 - S47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Pulsed Laser Radiation on the Morphology and Surface Properties of Tungsten Implanted with Helium Ions","authors":"I. V. Borovitskaya,&nbsp;V. N. Pimenov,&nbsp;S. N. Korshunov,&nbsp;A. N. Mansurova,&nbsp;S. A. Maslyaev,&nbsp;S. V. Latyshev,&nbsp;A. S. Demin,&nbsp;E. V. Morozov,&nbsp;G. G. Bondarenko,&nbsp;A. I. Gaidar,&nbsp;E. V. Matveev,&nbsp;E. E. Kazilin","doi":"10.1134/S1063778826130053","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778826130053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of high-power pulsed laser radiation (LR) generated in the GOS 1001 setup in the Q-modulated mode (with a flux power density <i>q</i> equal to 1 × 10¹⁴ W/m², pulse duration <i>t</i> = 50 ns, and the number of pulses <i>N</i> from 1 to 8 in vacuum) on the structure and microhardness of the surface of tungsten samples in the initial state and after implantation of helium ions (energy of 30 keV, dose of 1.0 × 10²² m^–2, ion flux density of 4.8 × 10¹⁸ m^–2 s^–1, temperature ~500 K) was studied. It was found that the pulsed action of LR on tungsten in the specified mode leads to the appearance of a molten area with a directed splash of metal from the central zone and to the formation of a wavy surface containing drops, influxes, voids, and cracks after crystallization of the melt. The analysis performed by the numerical modeling showed that the observed nature of damage on the irradiated tungsten surface is associated with the occurrence of secondary plasma during the material evaporation, the pressure of which contributes to the melt splashing, but is insufficient to displace the melt with the formation of a crater, as is in the case with vanadium. It was found that, as a result of the combined effect of helium ions and pulsed laser radiation, the morphology of the material surface in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) located directly behind the parapet also changes, where, as it moves away from the center, the area of continuous melting is replaced by a zone in which pores and opened blisters are visible owing to the release of helium implanted in the samples. A slight decrease in the microhardness of the alloy after implantation of helium ions was noted. The microhardness in the molten areas by LR and in the areas adjacent to them also tends to decrease, which may be due to the annealing of original defects as the result of the thermal effect of laser pulses.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"89 1","pages":"S48 - S55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Spatial Spectrum of Plasma Perturbations in a Tokamak Based on the Cross-Coherence of MHD Diagnostic Signals","authors":"N. V. Ivanov,&nbsp;A. M. Kakurin","doi":"10.1134/S1063778826130119","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778826130119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The processing procedure of data of MHD diagnostics for tokamaks with circular and vertically elongated plasma cross sections is presented. The utilized processing of the signals of MHD diagnostics based on the cross-S-transform reduces the fraction of incoherent components in the signals and also provides the spatial spectrum of coherent components and their time–frequency distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"89 1","pages":"S102 - S109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}