ECS sensors plusPub Date : 2026-12-01Epub Date: 2026-10-13DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/aeaf67
Elizabeth R Jacobia, A Andrew D Jones Iii
{"title":"Perspective on Electrochemical Lead Detection: Distributed Sensing to Address Unevenly Distributed Risk.","authors":"Elizabeth R Jacobia, A Andrew D Jones Iii","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/aeaf67","DOIUrl":"10.1149/2754-2726/aeaf67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead contamination is a global issue and requires detection for risk evaluation and remediation. Standardized testing is accurate and effective for water quality monitoring, however, does not provide real-time results and is not widely accessible. Electrochemical detection methods have been developed with comparable lead sensitivity and selectivity to standard methods. United States Environmental Protection Agency certification of electrochemical lead detection methods and inspectors would allow for readily available and cost-efficient water quality results. Introducing electrochemical lead detection methods in the United States will increase water quality awareness, incentivize mitigation, and provide data for regulation and policy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":"5 4","pages":"045501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photoelectrochemical Immuno-Sensing via Plasmon-Induced Resonance Energy Transfer Mechanism.","authors":"Joeseph Bright, Yingjie Hang, Weirui Tan, Anyang Wang, Hui Yang, Nianqiang Wu","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ae7982","DOIUrl":"10.1149/2754-2726/ae7982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors integrate light excitation with electrochemical detection, providing low background noise and robust anti-interference capabilities. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) acts as an effective light antenna for signal transduction in these sensors. Traditionally, plasmon-mediated PEC sensors operate via hot carrier injection, which necessitates direct contact between the plasmonic antenna and the semiconductor, thereby limiting sensor design flexibility. In this work, we introduce plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) as a novel signal transduction mechanism in a PEC immunosensor. A Bi<sub>3</sub>FeMo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (BFMO) semiconductor thin film is functionalized with capture antibodies, while plasmonic Au nanoparticles with absorption spectrum overlapping with BFMO are conjugated to detection antibodies. Upon target antigen binding, the Au nanoparticles are positioned in proximity to the BFMO surface through a sandwich immunoassay configuration, enabling PIRET-mediated generation of electron-hole pairs in BFMO. Using human IgG as a model analyte, we demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of PIRET, highlighting its potential to extend PEC sensor design by permitting a physical gap between the plasmonic antenna and semiconductor.</p>","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":"5 2","pages":"021603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13276971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148297561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Portable Dynamic Laser Speckle Imaging for Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.","authors":"Jinkai Yang, Keren Zhou, Landon Hernandez, Chen Zhou, Olena Voloshchuk, Jasna Kovac, Aida Ebrahimi, Zhiwen Liu","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ae1e10","DOIUrl":"10.1149/2754-2726/ae1e10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance remains a pressing global health threat. Conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods are limited by long incubation times and centralized laboratory requirements, hindering timely decision-making in resource-limited settings. This study introduces a 3D printed, portable dynamic laser speckle imaging (pDLSI) device for rapid AST. This device has a 10 × 3 × 3 cm<sup>3</sup> footprint, equipped with a low-cost laser diode, a lens assembly, and a cuvette sample holder. Speckle fluctuations induced by bacterial activity are captured on a cellphone camera, visualized using spatiotemporal decorrelation maps, and analyzed using machine learning to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations within 2-3 h. To demonstrate the performance, we studied two representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>), along with two antibiotics (ampicillin and gentamicin). The simple construction, portability, and intuitive operation of the pDLSI system can potentially facilitate initial diagnostic decisions at the point of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12851625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ECS sensors plusPub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ae20a2
Paul Moustiez, David Guérin, Sébastien Pecqueur
{"title":"Electrochemical Additive Manufacturing to Electropolymerize Devices on a Chip","authors":"Paul Moustiez, David Guérin, Sébastien Pecqueur","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ae20a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ae20a2","url":null,"abstract":"Fabricating electronic devices spoiling the least resources is of an increasingly high importance. Also, micro-electronics hardly embeds chemical functionalities on silicon, as soft materials suffer from harsh conditions of conventional processes. In this study, electrochemistry on a chip is investigated to pattern conductivity-based measurement devices at small scale via electropolymerization. To comply with additive manufacturing, a dewetting coating and local quasi-reference/counter micro-electrodes shall be integrated on each chip. The process reliability is challenged using minimalist chemical and energy resources, such that a μ L droplet of an electro-active solution composed mostly of a non-toxic and affordable solvent suffices to coat 16 elements on a 3×3 mm 2 chip. Despite the complexity of electrochemistry at such scales, the coatings variability is dominated by the chemical composition of the droplet. Avoiding a vessel to confine large volumes of solutions and integrating all electrodes is required to reduce drastically the electrochemical signal noise. This demonstrates its sufficient stability to screen conducting polymer materials when their precursors are not available in large amount to be coated with conventional techniques. It also demonstrates its compliance for chips microfabrication using conducting polymers as functional materials for electrochemically-assisted additive manufacturing production.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":"4 4","pages":"044401-044401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147910760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ECS sensors plusPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ae048c
John Mack, Yao Wu, Yuchan Yuan, Remy Bell, Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
{"title":"Catheter-Electrode System for Continuous Aptamer-Based Sensing in the Rat Subcutaneous Space.","authors":"John Mack, Yao Wu, Yuchan Yuan, Remy Bell, Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ae048c","DOIUrl":"10.1149/2754-2726/ae048c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors can continuously monitor drug concentrations with high temporal resolution. While previous studies have successfully demonstrated in vivo molecular monitoring using E-AB sensors, they typically rely on custom-built probes fabricated through manual, labor-intensive processes. Constructing such probes requires substantial time, technical expertise, and precision, creating a high barrier to entry for researchers interested in the field of in vivo measurements. To address this limitation, we present an alternative fabrication approach that combines established device construction methods with rapid prototyping via additive manufacturing (i.e., stereolithography). This platform enables continuous molecular monitoring in the subcutaneous interstitial fluid (ISF) of rodent models. We selected ISF as a target fluid due to its growing recognition as a promising frontier for continuous molecular monitoring and its central role in current biosensor research. Our goal is to eliminate the most prohibitive steps in traditional fabrication, thereby reducing the skill threshold required for building functional E-AB probes. By improving the construction process, our methods should make the technology more easily adoptable by a broader range of research laboratories. Ultimately, we aim to broaden the use of E-AB sensors and accelerate development in the field of real-time, in vivo molecular monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":"4 3","pages":"037001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13192993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148019010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ECS sensors plusPub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad54d2
Sandeep Arya, Asha Sharma, A. Singh, Aamir Ahmed, Aman Dubey, Bhavya Padha, Saleem Khan, R. Mahadeva, A. Khosla, Vinay Gupta
{"title":"Review—Energy and Power Requirements for Wearable Sensors","authors":"Sandeep Arya, Asha Sharma, A. Singh, Aamir Ahmed, Aman Dubey, Bhavya Padha, Saleem Khan, R. Mahadeva, A. Khosla, Vinay Gupta","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad54d2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad54d2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wearable sensing technology has quickly transformed from a science-fiction vision to a real-life technology in various fields such as defense, medical sciences, aerospace technology, food tech, etc. Wearable devices are drawing attention in the medical field as they provide relevant information about people's health in real-time. These sensors are flexible, cost-effective, and highly sensitive, which makes them a favorable candidate for future sensing technology. Despite being relatively small, they frequently sense, collect, and upload a variety of physiological data to enhance quality of life. This could lead to a major change in the daily life of people, but for this change to happen, sustainable energy technology that can power flexible wearable devices is needed. Wearable sensors come in a variety of shapes and sizes and require energy for their proper functioning. As a result, it is critical to develop and choose dependable energy supply systems. This review paper discusses different energy sources that are used to power wearable devices along with various challenges that are in the realm of this technology. The future holds great possibilities for wearable sensing technology, which can be explored only if the power sourcing to these devices is more sustainable, eco-friendly, and efficient.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":"43 s200","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141377870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ECS sensors plusPub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad54d3
Bhavya Jain, Krishnakant Phand, Vaibhav Jain, Indranil Lahiri, D. Lahiri
{"title":"3D Printed Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Polydimethylsiloxane Flexible Sensors for Tactile Sensing","authors":"Bhavya Jain, Krishnakant Phand, Vaibhav Jain, Indranil Lahiri, D. Lahiri","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad54d3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad54d3","url":null,"abstract":"Technology is constantly evolving, and chronic health issues are on the rise. It is essential to have affordable and easy access to remote biomedical measurements. This makes flexible sensors a more attractive choice owing to their high sensitivity and flexibility along with low cost and ease of use. As an additional advantage, 3D printing has become increasingly popular in areas such as biomedicine, environment, and industry. This study demonstrates 3D-printed flexible sensors for tactile sensing. A biocompatible silicone elastomer such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with low elastic modulus and high stretchability makes an excellent wearable sensor material. Incorporating CNTs at varying concentrations (0.5, 1, 2)wt% enhances the sensor’s mechanical strength, conductivity, and responsiveness to mechanical strain. In addition to enhancing the thermal stability of the composite by 44%, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) also enhanced the breaking strength by 57% with a 2 wt% CNT loading. Moreover, the contact angle values improved by 15%, making it a biomedical-grade hydrophobic surface. The electrical characteristics of these sensors reveal excellent strain sensitivity, making them perfect for monitoring finger movements and biomedical measurements. Overall, 2 wt% CNT-PDMS sensors exhibit optimal performance, paving the way for advanced tactile sensing in biomedical and industrial settings.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":"354 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editors’ Choice—Review—Advances in Electrochemical Sensors: Improving Food Safety, Quality, and Traceability","authors":"Kogularasu Sakthivel, Sriram Balasubramanian, G. Chang-Chien, Sea-Fue Wang, Fnu Ahammad, Wayant Billey, Justin Platero, Thiagarajan Soundappan, Praveen Sekhar","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad5455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad5455","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical sensors have become a pivotal tool in ensuring the safety and security of the global food supply chain, which is crucial for public health, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. Modern food systems, with their complex global distribution and varied processing methods, require advanced solutions for detecting contaminants and maintaining food quality. This review delves into recent advancements in electrochemical food sensor technology, highlighting their operating principles, types, cutting-edge materials, and methods enhancing their effectiveness. These sensors are adept at identifying a broad range of foodborne pathogens, chemical contaminants, and adulterants while monitoring food freshness and quality. Innovations include using nanomaterials and conductive polymers and shifting towards miniaturized, portable devices for on-site and real-time analysis. The review also addresses challenges such as sensitivity, selectivity, and matrix effects, pointing out emerging trends and future research avenues to overcome these hurdles. Regulatory and standardization issues relevant to adopting these technologies in food safety protocols are also considered. Highlighting the last three years, this review emphasizes the indispensable role of electrochemical sensors in boosting food safety and security and the need for ongoing innovation and cross-disciplinary cooperation to advance this area.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":"36 13-14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ECS sensors plusPub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad23df
Sleight Halley, K. Ramaiyan, James Smith, Robert Ian, K. Agi, Fernando Garzon, L. Tsui
{"title":"Field Testing of a Mixed Potential IoT Sensor Platform for Methane Quantification","authors":"Sleight Halley, K. Ramaiyan, James Smith, Robert Ian, K. Agi, Fernando Garzon, L. Tsui","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad23df","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad23df","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Emissions of CH4 from natural gas infrastructure must be addressed to mitigate its effect on global climate. With hundreds of thousands of miles of pipeline in the US used to transport natural gas, current methods of surveying for leaks are inadequate. Mixed potential sensors are a low-cost, field-deployable technology for remote and continuous monitoring of natural gas infrastructure. We demonstrate for the first time a field trial of a mixed potential sensor device coupled with machine learning and Internet-of-Things (IoT) platform at Colorado State University’s Methane Emissions Technology Evaluation Center. Emissions were detected from a simulated buried underground pipeline source. Sensor data was acquired and transmitted from the field test site to a remote cloud server. Quantification of concentration as a function of vertical distance is consistent with previously reported transport modelling efforts and experimental surveys of methane emissions by more sophisticated CH4 analyzers.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":"226 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140483913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ECS sensors plusPub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad21ea
Srikanth Namuduri, Prateek Mehta, Lise Barbe, Zohreh Faghihmonzavi, Stephanie Lam, steven finkbeiner, S. Bhansali
{"title":"Automated Quantification of DNA Damage Using Deep Learning and Use of Synthetic Data Generated from Basic Geometric Shapes","authors":"Srikanth Namuduri, Prateek Mehta, Lise Barbe, Zohreh Faghihmonzavi, Stephanie Lam, steven finkbeiner, S. Bhansali","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad21ea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad21ea","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Comet assays are used to assess the extent of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, in human cells, caused by substances such as novel drugs or nano materials. Deep learning is showing promising results in automating the process of quantifying the percentage of damage using the assay images. But the lack of large datasets and imbalanced data is a challenge. In this study, synthetic comet assay images generated from simple geometric shapes were used to augment the data for training the Convolutional Neural Network. The results from the model trained using the augmented data were compared with the results from a model trained exclusively on real images. It was observed that the use of synthetic data in training not only gave a significantly better coefficient of determination (R2), but also resulted in a more robust model i.e., with less variation in R2 compared to training without synthetic data. This approach can lead to improved training while using a smaller training dataset, saving cost and effort involved in capturing additional experimental images and annotating them. Additional benefits include addressing imbalanced datasets, and data privacy concerns. Similar approaches must be explored in other low data domains to extract the same benefits.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":"64 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}